Name__________________________________________ Date _________________
Chapter 2 and 3 Review
Vocabulary Matching
Directions: Match the definition on the left to the words on the right.
_____ 1. Determining whether an object or event is older or younger than
other objects or events.
_____ 2. A surface that represents a missing part of a geologic column.
_____ 3. A principle that states that the same geological processes shaping
the Earth today have been at work throughout Earth’s history.
_____ 4. A principle that states that younger rocks lie above older rocks
in undisturbed sequences.
_____ 5. An ideal sequence of rock layers that contains all the known fossils
and rock formations on Earth arranged from oldest to youngest.
_____ 6. A principle that states all geologic change occurs suddenly.
_____ 7. The process of establishing the age of an object, such as a fossil
or rock layer, by determining the number of years it has existed.
A. Uniformitarianism
B. Catastrophism
C. Relative Dating
D. Superposition
E. Geological Column
F. Unconformity
G. Absolute Dating
Multiple choice
_____ 8. According to Geologists, the Earth is approximately
a. 4.6 thousand years old
c. 4.6 million years old
b. 4.6 hundred-thousand years old
d. 4.6 billion years old
_____ 9. The phrase “younger over older” can be used to remember the Principle of
a. Metamorphism
c. Erosion
b. Geological Columns
d. Superposition
_____ 10. All of the following are examples of “Disturbances” in the rock layer EXCEPT
a. Faults
c. Intrusions
b. Folds
d. Deposition
_____ 11. The major cause of missing rock layers is usually Non-deposition and
a. Catastrophism
c. Subduction
b. Erosion
d. Alien abduction
_____12. Which of the following is NOT an interval of time on the geologic time scale?
a. Era
c. Eon
b. Epoch
d. Eternity
_____13. The entire rock and fossil record are represented by the
a. Geologic column
c. Fault line
b. Cast
d. Geologic Time Scale
_____14. After two half-lives, what percent of parent material remains in the sample?
a. 100 %
c. 50 %
b. 0 %
d. 25 %
_______15. Which of the following is NOT an example of a trace fossil?
a. Tracks
c. Burrows
b. Isotope
d. Coprolites
_______ 16. The process by which one rock type changes into another is called
a. the rock cycle
b. composition
c. metamorphic rock
d. weathering
_______ 17. Igneous rock changes into metamorphic rock by undergoing
a. weathering and erosion
b. heat and pressure
c. melting and cooling
d. weathering and heat
_______ 18. Which of these causes the breakdown of rock?
a. compaction
b. cementation
c. weathering
d. metamorphism
_______ 19. When magma or lava cools and solidifies, it forms
a. sedimentary rock
b. metamorphic rock
c. igneous rock
d. minerals
_______ 20. Which type of rock can change into sedimentary rock?
a. sedimentary rock
b. metamorphic rock
c. igneous rock
d. all of the above
Circle the Correct Answer
21. This type of rock forms when lava cools on Earth’s surface.
a. extrusive igneous
b. extrusive metamorphic
c. intrusive igneous
22. This type of rock is formed through the processes of melting and cooling.
a. sedimentary
b. igneous
c. metamorphic
23. This type of rock is formed through the processes of weathering and erosion.
a. sedimentary
b. igneous
c. metamorphic
Fossils: True or False
__________ 24. The most common form of fossils is found in rocks.
__________ 25. A mark left by a dinosaur’s tail would be considered a trace fossil.
__________ 26. Fossils have been found in rocks, glaciers, amber and tar pits.
__________ 27. When minerals replace a tree’s tissue completely it is called mummification.
__________ 28. An index fossil is sometimes used to date rocks.
__________ 29. A mold and a cast are the same thing.
Fossils: True or False
__________ 30. Amber is a form of hardened lava.
__________ 31. The poop of an animal. . . yes kids the word “Poop” is on here . . . is a type of fossil.
32. Explain how the cooling rate of magma affects the texture of the igneous rock that forms.
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33. In no more than three sentences, explain the rock cycle.
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