BIOL 395 – Global Change Biology
Summer 2014 – Session 2
Week
Day
Topics
Dr. Rachel Schroeder
Readings
Assignments / Other
 Vitousek et al. 1997 (PDF)
 Camill 2010 (online)
Course Introduction / Overview
Mon
6/30



(I’ll provide notes/outline)
 Constible, Sandro & Lee
2008, p. 5-10, 65-71 (PDF)
What is “Global Change”?
Earth’s Climate System
Greenhouse gases / Carbon cycle
 Ruddiman 2001, Ch. 2
(online)
 http://www.esrl.
noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/


1

Climate proxies
The fossil record
Climate & Life across geological time
 Constible, Sandro & Lee
2008, p. 19-21 (PDF)
(Dr. Jens Bischof paleoecology guest lecture)
 Hessler 2011 (online)
- in class: discuss articles on
climate proxies/historical
climate
 http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/
paleo/proxies.html
W
7/2
 Petit et al. 1999, Zachos et al.
2001 (PDF)
* Discussion Leader / Scribe #1
– results due by 7/7
 UCMP “Stories from the
Fossil Record” (online)
F
NO CLASS – Independence Day Holiday
7/4
M
2


 Constible, Sandro & Lee
2008, p. 22-40 (PDF)
Causes of climate change
Evidence of climate & environmental novelty
7/7
 Heavens et al. 2013 (online)
1
* Discussion Leader / Scribe #2
– results due by 7/9
BIOL 395 – Global Change Biology
Summer 2014 – Session 2
 Stager 2012 (online)
W

7/9

 IPCC 2013, Working Group I
(PDF)
Future climate projections
Compare IPCC / NIPCC reports
 NIPCC 2013 (PDF)
Exam #1
F
- in class: compare IPCC/NIPCC
reports
* Discussion Leader / Scribe #3
– results due by 7/10 (Thursday)
Exam #1
After Exam – begin overview of impacts on ecosystems  Constible, Sandro & Lee
2008, p. 47-51 (PDF)
(changes in temperature, precipitation, sea level,
7/11 atmospheric CO2, etc.)

 Wu et al. 2011 (PDF)
 Leuzinger et al. 2011 (PDF)
Biosphere interactions with climate
 Constible, Sandro & Lee
2008, p. 12-14, 51-60 (PDF)
Population / Community responses
3
Dr. Rachel Schroeder
M

7/14

W


7/16

Physical tolerances & limits (feedbacks &
physiology) / Range shifts
Biological clocks (breeding & migration) /
Phenological shifts
 Parmesan 2006 (PDF)
 Bellard et al. 2012 (PDF)
 Rosalino et al. 2014 (PDF)
Acclimation
Adaptation
Extinction
- in class: research global
change manipulation
experiments
- in class: bird phenology
activity from Constible, Sandro
& Lee 2008, Ch. 8
* Discussion Leader / Scribe #4
– results due by 7/16
(Dr. Dan Barshis – corals /
acclimation guest lecture)
- in class: students present
species case studies (5-8
minute PowerPoint talks)
* Discussion Leader / Scribe #5
– results due by 7/18
F
7/18
 Taub 2010 (online)
Terrestrial Environmental Change



 Silliman & Angelini 2012
(online)
Plants & increased atmospheric CO2
Ecosystem productivity
Food webs / trophic dynamics
- in class: Yellowstone wolves
activity from Constible, Sandro
& Lee 2008, Ch. 7
* Discussion Leader / Scribe #6
– results due by 7/21
2
BIOL 395 – Global Change Biology
Summer 2014 – Session 2

Biogeochemical cycling
- http://www.eoearth.org/
view/article/154143/
* 7/22 - deadline to drop with no grade penalty (grade “W”)
M
7/21






Land use change / fragmentation
Pollution
Ozone depletion
Deforestation / degradation
Desertification
(fire suppression?)
- http://en.wikipedia.org/
wiki/Ozone_depletion
W
7/23



Polar thaw / glacial retreat
Sea level rise
Aquatic warming
F



Eutrophication
Acidification
Pollution (nutrients, oil, trash, sound)
Coral bleaching & disease
(dams?)
7/25


- http://www.greenfacts.org/en/
desertification/
 Wassman et al. 2011 (PDF)
 Rahmstorf 2012 (online)
M
7/28
 Turley et al. 2010 (PDF)
 Hogan 2013 (online)

* Discussion Leader / Scribe #8
– results due by 7/25
* Discussion Leader / Scribe #9
– results due by 7/27 (Sunday)
 Carpenter et al. 2008 (PDF)
 Chapin et al. 2000 (PDF)
After Exam – begin Other impacts on biodiversity

- in class: penguin activity from
Constible, Sandro & Lee 2008,
Ch. 5
 Chislock et al. 2013 (online)
Exam #2
5
* Discussion Leader / Scribe #7
– results due by 7/23
- https://www.worldwildlife.org/
threats
Aquatic Environmental Change
4
Dr. Rachel Schroeder
 Rodrigues et al. 2006 (PDF)
The “Sixth Mass Extinction”
IUCN Red List
 http://www.iucnredlist.org/
3
Exam #2
(Red List guest lecture)?
BIOL 395 – Global Change Biology
Summer 2014 – Session 2
cats,rats,pigs in Hawaii & Nile - in class case studies:
perch in Lake Victoria / Bluefin
each student researches and
tuna & black rhino
overexploitation / orangutans & writes a short summary of case
palm oil (habitat destruction) / study, then exchange and do
peer evaluations of writing,
DDT/bird populations &
honeybee colony collapse then revision / present to class
Causes of decreased diversity / extinction
W
7/30





Dr. Rachel Schroeder
Introduced species
Overexploitation
Habitat destruction
Pollution
Disease
disorder / chytridiomycosis &
chestnut blight
 Pimm et al. 2014 (PDF)
field trip to the Zoo?
Conservation, Restoration, Mitigation
F
 USEPA 2000 (online)
(resource use efficiency?/ sustainability / policy /
 Croteau & Mott 2011 (online)
8/1
renewable energy sources)
 Abela 2012 (online)
- in class: heat mortality activity
from Constible, Sandro & Lee
 IPCC 2014, Working Group II
2008, Ch. 10
(PDF)
Impacts of Environmental Change on Humans
M
8/4




Heat-related illnesses
Disease (i.e. mosquito-borne)
Extreme weather
(environmental justice?)
W


8/6


Impacts of sea level rise
Food supply / agricultural impacts
Water supply
Pollution
* Discussion Leader / Scribe
#10 – results due by 8/4
 McMichael et al. 2012 (PDF)
* Discussion Leader / Scribe
#11 – results due by 8/6
(sea level rise guest lecture)?
6
 http://www.wunderground.
com/climate/SeaLevelRise.asp
 http://ccafs.cgiar.org/
bigfacts2014/#
* Discussion Leader / Scribe
#12 – results due by 8/7
(Thursday)
Final Exam
F
* Final Exam
8/8
4
Summer 2014 – Session 2
BIOL 395 – Global Change Biology
Dr. Rachel Schroeder
List of Readings / References
Abella SR (2012) Restoration of Desert Ecosystems. Nature Education Knowledge 4(1):7. http://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/restoration-ofdesert-ecosystems-84676323
Bellard C, C Bertelsmeier, P Leadley, W Thuiller, and F Courchamp (2012) Impacts of climate change on the future of biodiversity. Ecology Letters 15(4): 365-377.
Camill P (2010) Global Change: An Overview. Nature Education Knowledge 3(10):49. http://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/global-change-anoverview-13255365
Carpenter KE, M Abrar, G Aeby, et al. (2008) One-third of reef-building corals face elevated extinction risk from climate change and local impacts. Science
321:560-563.
Chapin FS, ES Zavaleta, VT Eviner, RL Naylor, PM Vitousek, HL Reynolds, DU Hooper, S Lavorel, OE Sala, SE Hobbie, MC Mack, and S Diaz (2000) Consequences of
changing biodiversity. Nature 405: 234-242. doi:10.1038/35012241
Chislock MF, E Doster, RA Zitomer, and AE Wilson (2013) Eutrophication: Causes, Consequences, and Controls in Aquatic Ecosystems. Nature Education
Knowledge 4(4):10. http://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/eutrophication-causes-consequences-and-controls-in-aquatic-102364466
Constible JM, LH Sandro, and RE Lee Jr. (2008) Climate change from pole to pole: Biology investigations. National Science Teachers Association Press. 238 pages.
Croteau E and CL Mott (2011) Saving Endangered Species: A Case Study Using Global Amphibian Declines. Nature Education Knowledge 4(4):9.
http://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/saving-endangered-species-a-case-study-using-19445898
Heavens NG, DS Ward and MM Natalie (2013) Studying and Projecting Climate Change with Earth System Models. Nature Education Knowledge 4(5):4.
http://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/studying-and-projecting-climate-change-with-earth-103087065
Hessler AM (2011) Earth’s Earliest Climate. Nature Education Knowledge 3(10):24. http://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/earth-s-earliest-climate24206248
Hogan C (2013) Water pollution. Retrieved from http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/156920
IPCC (2014) Summary for Policymakers. In Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment
Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.
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Summer 2014 – Session 2
BIOL 395 – Global Change Biology
Dr. Rachel Schroeder
IPCC (2013) Summary for Policymakers. In Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of
the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Stocker, TF, D Qin, G-K Plattner, M Tignor, SK Allen, J Boschung, A Nauels, Y Xia, V Bex, and PM Midgley, ed.
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.
Leuzinger S, Y Luo, C Beier, W Dieleman, S Vicca and C Körner (2011) Do global change experiments overestimate impacts on terrestrial ecosystems? Trends in
Ecology and Evolution 26(5):236-241.
McMichael A, H Montgomery and A Costello (2012) Health risks, present and future, from global climate change. BMJ 344. doi:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e1359
NIPCC (2013) Climate change reconsidered II: Physical science Summary for Policymakers. Nongovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Idso CD, RM Carter, and
SF Singer, ed. 25 pages.
Parmesan C (2006) Ecological and Evolutionary Responses to Recent Climate Change. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 37: 637-669. DOI:
10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.37.091305.110100
Petit JR, J Jouzel , D Raynaud , NI Barkov, J-M Barnola, I Basile, M Bender, J Chappellaz, M Davis, G Delaygue, M Delmotte, VM Kotlyakov, M Legrand, VY
Lipendov, C Lorius, L Pépin, C Ritz, E Saltzman, M Stievenard (1999) Climate and atmospheric history of the past 420,000 years from the Vostok ice core,
Antarctica. Nature 399: 429-436.
Pimm SL, CN Jenkins, R Abell et al. (2014) The biodiversity of species and their rates of extinction, distribution, and protection. Science 344(6187):1246752. DOI:
10.1126/science.1246752
Rahmstorf S (2012) Modeling sea level rise. Nature Education Knowledge 3(10):4. http://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/modeling-sea-level-rise25857988
Rodrigues ASL, JD Pilgrim, JF Lamoreux, M Hoffmann, TM and Brooks (2006) The value of the IUCN Red List for Conservation. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 21:
71–76.
Rosalino LM, LM Verdade, MC Lyra-Jorge (2014) Chapter 4: Adaptation and Evolution in Changing Environments. p 53-71 In Applied Ecology and Human
Dimensions in Biological Conservation, LM Verdade et al. (eds). Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-54751-5_4
Ruddiman W (2001) Chapter 2: Earth’s Climate System Today. In Earth’s Climate: Past and Future, 1st Edition. WH Freeman and Co., NY.
http://bcs.whfreeman.com/ruddiman2e/content/cat_010/EarthsClimate_Web_Chapter.pdf
Silliman BR and C Angelini (2012) Trophic Cascades Across Diverse Plant Ecosystems. Nature Education Knowledge 3(10):44.
http://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/trophic-cascades-across-diverse-plant-ecosystems-80060347
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Summer 2014 – Session 2
BIOL 395 – Global Change Biology
Dr. Rachel Schroeder
Stager C (2012) What Happens AFTER Global Warming? Nature Education Knowledge 3(10):7. http://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/whathappens-after-global-warming-25887608
Taub D (2010) Effects of Rising Atmospheric Concentrations of Carbon Dioxide on Plants. Nature Education Knowledge 3(10):21.
http://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/effects-of-rising-atmospheric-concentrations-of-carbon-13254108
Turley C, M Eby, AJ Ridgwell, DN Schmidt, HS Findlay, C Brownlee, U Riebesell, VJ Fabry, RA Feely, and J-P Gattuso (2010) The societal challenge of ocean
acidification. Marine Pollution Bulletin 60, 787–792.
UCMP (University of California Museum of Paleontology) “Stories from the Fossil Record”
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/education/explorations/tours/stories/middle/intro.html
USEPA (2000) Principles for the Ecological Restoration of Aquatic Resources. EPA841-F-00-003. Office of Water (4501F), United States Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. 4 pp. http://water.epa.gov/type/wetlands/restore/principles.cfm
Vitousek PM, HA Mooney, J Lubchenco, and JM Melillo (1997) Human domination of Earth's ecosystems. Science 277:494–499.
Wassmann P, CM Duarte, S Agusti, and MK Sejr (2011) Footprints of climate change in the Arctic marine ecosystem. Global Change Biology 17(2): 1235–1249.
Wu Z, P Dijkstra, GW Koch, J Penuelas, and BA Hungate (2011) Responses of terrestrial ecosystems to temperature and precipitation change: a meta-analysis of
experimental manipulation. Global Change Biology 17:927-942.
Zachos J, M Pagani, L Sloan, E Thomas, K Billups (2001) Trends, rhythms, and aberrations in global climate 65 Ma to present. Science 292: 686-693.
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