Supporting Information S1. Life history of animals located at SeaWorld facilities1 Year Date of Date of Date of of Capture Recruitment to Date of NAME Birth Birth2 SEAS Death ORIGIN Shamu N/A 1962 10/31/1965 12/20/1965 8/23/1971 Wild Born Kandu N/A 1966 2/15/1967 12/16/1969 6/16/1971 Wild Born Kilroy N/A 1966 2/1/1967 3/11/1967 9/23/1978 Wild Born Ramu N/A 1963 2/15/1967 3/11/1967 1/12/1982 Wild Born Winston N/A 1966 8/8/1970 10/17/1976 4/28/1986 Wild Born Knootka N/A 1967 3/1/1970 4/27/1986 3/13/1990 Wild Born Kandu 3 N/A 1969 8/1/1971 9/10/1971 6/1/1975 Wild Born Kona N/A 1968 8/1/1971 9/16/1971 9/28/1977 Wild Born Canuck N/A 1970 3/12/1972 4/13/1972 12/1/1974 Wild Born 3 Frankie N/A 1962 7/1/1973 10/25/1973 1/29/1974 Wild Born 4 Sandy N/A 1967 3/12/1973 10/25/1973 10/1/1977 Wild Born Kanduke N/A 1970 8/16/1975 1/9/1987 9/20/1990 Wild Born Kenau N/A 1976 10/25/1976 5/1/1977 8/6/1991 Wild Born Gudrun N/A 1976 10/28/1976 11/17/1987 2/25/1996 Wild Born Canuck 2 N/A 1975 10/12/1977 12/1/1977 8/2/1981 Wild Born Kona 2 N/A 1975 10/12/1977 12/1/1977 10/15/1987 Wild Born Kandu 5 N/A 1975 10/12/1977 12/1/1977 8/21/1989 Wild Born Shawn N/A 1977 1/1/1978 10/26/1978 9/3/1979 Wild Born Kahana N/A 1977 1/1/1978 10/26/1978 5/14/1991 Wild Born Kotar N/A 1977 1/1/1978 10/26/1978 4/1/1995 Wild Born Katina N/A 1976 1/1/1978 6/21/1979 NA Wild Born Kasatka N/A 1976 1/1/1978 10/26/1978 NA Wild Born NA Kalina 9/26/85 1985 9/26/1985 10/4/2010 Captive Born 5/10/1968 Orky 2 N/A 1961 1/21/1987 9/26/1988 Wild Born Dam Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Katina Unknown Genetic Origin PNW PNW PNW PNW PNW PNW PNW PNW PNW PNW PNW PNW N. Atlantic N. Atlantic N. Atlantic N. Atlantic N. Atlantic N. Atlantic N. Atlantic N. Atlantic N. Atlantic N. Atlantic PNW/N. Atlantic PNW Samoa Corky 2 Katerina Orkid Kayla Taima Winnie Takara Kyuquot Haida 2 Splash Tilikum Nootka 4 Nyar Taku Keet Ulises Keto Unna Sumar Tuar Tekoa Bjossa Kohana Ikaika Nakai Skyla Kalia N/A N/A 11/1/88 9/23/88 11/26/88 7/11/89 N/A 7/9/91 12/24/91 N/A 8/15/89 N/A N/A 12/31/93 9/9/93 2/2/93 N/A 6/17/95 12/27/96 5/14/98 6/22/99 11/8/00 N/A 5/3/02 8/25/02 9/1/01 2/9/04 12/21/04 1980 1967 1988 1988 1988 1989 1977 1991 1991 1981 1989 1981 1980 1993 1993 1993 1977 1995 1996 1998 1999 2000 1977 2002 2002 2001 2004 2004 11/1/1983 12/27/1969 NA NA NA NA 10/12/1977 NA NA 10/1/1982 NA 11/1/1983 10/1/1982 NA NA NA 10/19/1980 NA NA NA NA NA 11/19/1980 NA NA NA NA NA 5/3/1989 1/21/1987 11/1/1988 9/23/1988 11/26/1988 7/11/1989 10/26/1991 7/9/1991 12/24/1993 1/8/1993 4/17/1992 1/9/1992 1/8/1993 12/31/1993 9/9/1993 2/2/1993 2/9/1994 6/17/1995 12/27/1996 5/14/1998 6/22/1999 11/8/2000 4/22/2001 5/3/2002 8/25/2002 9/1/2001 2/9/2004 12/21/2004 3/14/1992 NA 5/5/1999 NA NA 6/6/2010 4/11/2002 NA NA 8/1/2001 4/5/2005 NA 9/13/1994 4/1/1996 10/17/2007 NA NA NA NA 9/7/2010 NA NA 10/8/2001 NA NA NA NA NA Wild Born Wild Born Captive Born Captive Born Captive Born Captive Born Wild Born Captive Born Captive Born Wild Born Captive Born3 Wild Born Wild Born Captive Born Captive Born Captive Born Wild Born Captive Born Captive Born Captive Born Captive Born Captive Born Wild Born5 Captive Born Captive Born Captive Born Captive Born Captive Born Unknown Unknown Katina Kandu Kenau Gudrun Unknown Kasatka Haida Unknown Nootka 5 Unknown Unknown Gudrun Katina Kalina Unknown Kalina Katina Taima Kalina Taima Unknown Takara Katina Kasatka Kalina Kasatka N. Atlantic PNW PNW/N. Atlantic PNW/N. Atlantic PNW/N. Atlantic PNW/N. Atlantic N. Atlantic N. Atlantic N. Atlantic N. Atlantic N. Atlantic N. Atlantic N. Atlantic N. Atlantic N. Atlantic PNW/N. Atlantic N. Atlantic PNW/N. Atlantic N. Atlantic PNW/N. Atlantic PNW/N. Atlantic PNW/N. Atlantic N. Atlantic N. Atlantic N. Atlantic N. Atlantic N. Atlantic PNW/N. Atlantic Halyn Trua Nalani Malia Makaio Adan Morgan Vicky Shouka Sakari Makani Kamea Amaya 1For 10/9/05 11/23/05 9/18/06 3/12/07 10/9/10 10/12/10 N/A 8/3/12 2/25/93 1/7/10 2/14/13 12/6/13 12/2/14 2005 2005 2006 2007 2010 2010 2008 2012 1993 2010 2013 2013 2014 NA NA NA NA NA NA 2010 NA NA NA NA NA NA 10/9/2005 11/23/2005 9/18/2006 3/12/2007 10/9/2010 10/122010 ?/?/20114 8/3/2012 2/25/2012 1/7/2010 2/14/2013 12/6/2013 12/2/2014 6/15/2008 NA NA NA NA NA NA 6/16/2013 NA NA NA NA NA Captive Born Captive Born Captive Born Captive Born Captive Born Captive Born Wild Born Captive Born Captive Born3 Captive Born Captive Born Captive Born Captive Born Kayla Takara Katina Taima Katina Kohana Unknown Kohana Sharkan Takara Kasatka Takara Kalia PNW/N. Atlantic N. Atlantic N. Atlantic PNW/N. Atlantic N. Atlantic PNW/N. Atlantic N. Atlantic PNW/N. Atlantic N. Atlantic N. Atlantic N. & S. Atlantic N. & S. Atlantic N. Atlantic this research, SeaWorld Facilities include killer whales located at: SeaWorld San Diego (San Diego, CA), SeaWorld San Antonio (San Antonio, TX), SeaWorld Orlando (Orlando, FL) and Loro Parque (Tenerife, Spain). 2.Year of birth for wild caught estimated from length at birth data with the exception of Frankie who was of adult size when collected. 3Animals captive born at other facilities and transferred to SEA. These animals were not included in analysis of captive born at Sea Animals, but were included in all SEA animals starting at their date of arrival to SEA. 4Animal was not collected but brought into captivity as a result of being stranded. 5This animal was not included in any longevity analysis, however, she is included in this table for completeness. She arrived at SEA from another facility where she had been living alone. She was moved with known chronic pneumonia and it was decided to bring her to SEA to allow her contact with conspecifics, even at the risk of exacerbating the known disease.