Tuberculosis
Symptoms:
 Night sweats
 Weight loss
 Coughing
o blood colored
 Tubercles in lungs
o Diagnosed by radiographs
Diagnosis
 PPD Skin Test
o Purified protein derivative
Infection
 Active
 Will display symptoms
 Will not treat in dental settings
Disease
 Latent
 No symptoms
 Can treat
Hepatitis- inflammation of liver
A
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
Fecal-oral
Vaccination


Blood-borne
Vaccination

Blood-borne


Blood-borne
Have to be infected with B

Fecal-oral
B
C
D
E
Sexual Transmitted Diseases


Gonorrhea and syphilis have oral findings
Herpes Labialis also
Herpes
Simplex Type 1
This handout is provided by the CLR.
 Most commonly affects the mouth
 Appears as vesicles, eventually crust over
Simplex Type 2
 Most commonly affects genitals
Stages
 Prodromal
o Tingling, itching, burning
 Vesicular
o Contains vesicular fluid
o Commonly known as cold sore or fever blister
 Crusting
o Yellow color due vesicular fluid inside
 DO NOT TREAT in prodromal or crusting
Medications
 Oral and gel forms
 Acyclovir (Zovirax)
o Oral and cream form
Heart Conditions
Mitral Valve Prolapse
 Mitral valve does not close properly
 Connects left chambers of the heart
 Does not close properly
 Blood bulges back up into upper chamber
 Murmur or clicking sound
Infective Endocarditis
 Infection of the inner lining of the heart
 Concern is bacterimia
 Bacterimia can be caused in the dental setting because we are disrupting
the bacteria in the oral cavity and it can get into the blood stream
Heart Attack vs. Angina Pectoris
 Heart attack arteries are completely blocked and in angina the arteries are
only partially blocked
Arteriosclerosis vs. Atherosclerosis
 Arterio is a blocking of any arteries on the body
 Athero is blocking of specifically coronary arteries
 Buildup of fat deposits in the arteries are called plaques
High Blood Pressure
 Concerns
o Heart attack and stroke
This handout is provided by the CLR.

Causes
o Obesity, poor diet, arteriosceloris and atherosclerosis, certain
medications, stress, smoking
Low Pressure
 Concerns
o Syncope
 Manage: put in supine, loosen color, damp cloth, aromatic
ammonia
o Orthostatic Hypotension
 Causes
o Exercises, good diet, relax, certain medications, dehydration
TIA/CVA
 TIA is just temporary, no lasting effects, mini stroke
 CVA is full stroke, permanent damage
Nervous System
Convulsions or Seizures
 Clear area, move away objects
 Let sleep in post-ictal stage
 Tonic-clonic movements
Epilepsy
 When was your last seizure?
 How long do your seizures last?
 What triggers you to have attacks?
Blood Disorders
Hemophila
 Concern
o Bleeding
 Need medical clearance
Diabetes
Type 1
 Insulin dependant
 Insulin treatments
 Born with or in young childhood
Type 2
 Body doesn’t respond to insulin
This handout is provided by the CLR.

Need some kind of oral medication to control blood sugar
HbA1c
 Hemoglobin A1c
 Needs to be less than 7
 If higher than uncontrolled
FBG
 Fasting blood glucose
 Needs to be less than 160
 If higher than uncontrolled
Concerns if Uncontrolled
 Hyper/hypoglycemic attack
 Delayed wound healing
Thyroid
Hyperthyroidism
 Underweight because metabolism is very active
 Grave’s Disease
 Too much hormone being secreted
Hypothyroidism
 Hashimoto’s Disease
 Overweight
 Not enough hormone being produced so metabolism slows down

Enlarged thyroid is called a goiter
Allergies

Latex Allergy
o Bananas, avocados and kiwi
Chicken Pox



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Varacella-zoster
Latent form is shingles
Sides of your torso and face
Lays dormant in the nerve endings
Asthma

This handout is provided by the CLR.
Narrowing of the airway


Make sure they have inhaler at appointment
If they have an attack, assist with bronchodilater
Pneumonia vs. Bronchitis
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
Pneumonia is infection of the lungs and they fill fluid
Bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchioles
Antibiotics
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
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Amoxicillin 2 g (2000mg)
Clindamycin 600 mg
Both 30-60 minutes prior to treatment
Conditions Requiring Pre-Med
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

This handout is provided by the CLR.
Infective endocarditis
Artificial implants (including prosthetic heart vavle)
Congenital heart disease: specifically if it is CYANOTIC