Immune system:
1)
a.
b.
c.
d.
What are antigens?
proteins found in the blood that cause foreign blood cells to clump
proteins embedded in B cell membranes
proteins that consist of two light and two heavy polypeptide chains
foreign molecules that trigger the generation of antibodies
2) Which of the following cell types are responsible for initiating a secondary immune
response?
a. memory cells
b. macrophages
c. B cells
d. T cells
3)
a.
b.
c.
d.
An important organ that helps to protect against autoimmune disease is the
kidney.
spleen.
thymus.
adrenal gland.
4)
a.
b.
c.
d.
The primary immune response is characterized by
short lag time.
a high rate of antibody production.
a large production of T cells.
the addition of memory cells to the immune system.
5)
a.
b.
c.
d.
The humoral response
is due to the secretion of antibodies.
occurs when T cells bind antigen-presenting cells.
is due to T cells secreting their receptors.
occurs when natural killer cells engulf cancer cells.
6)
a.
b.
c.
d.
Autoimmunity is
active when organ transplantation is successful.
caused by clonal anergy.
the response of the immune cells attacking the body’s own tissues.
Both b and c
7) Cells that get infected by HIV generally have
a. CD4 membrane proteins.
b. gp120.
c. gp41.
d. antigen-bound T cell receptors.
8)
a.
b.
c.
d.
Nonspecific internal defenses include
natural killer cells.
phagocytic cells.
inflammatory response.
all of the above
9) Which of the following is NOT an example of a non-specific response against
infection?
a. phagocytic white blood cells
b. antibodies
c. fever
d. inflammation
10) Cells whose chief function is to destroy virally infected cells are
a. phagocytic cells.
b. lysozymes.
c. macrophages.
d. natural killer cells.
11) Natural killer cells
a. destroy body cells that have been invaded by viruses.
b. are a type of B cell.
c. engulf and destroy bacteria.
d. are located on the skin.
12) Immune system cells that mature in the bone marrow are
a. helper T-cells.
b. B cells.
c. M-cells.
d. suppressor T cells.
13) Foreign proteins that will bind to an antibody are called
a. cytotoxins.
b. histamines.
c. interferons.
d. antigens.
14) MHC (major histocompatability complex) proteins
a. control antibody gene expression.
b. cause cancer.
c. mark cells as "self."
d. are released by cytotoxic T cells to kill cells infected with virus.
15) Some of the AIDS treatment drugs such as, reverse transcriptase blockers and
protease inhibitors
a. kill cells infected with HIV.
b. prevent HIV from entering cells.
c. interfere with HIV reproduction.
d. all of the above
Reproduction:
1)
a.
b.
c.
d.
In male gametogenesis, the second meiotic division produces four haploid
germ cells.
primary spermatocytes.
secondary spermatocytes.
spermatids.
2)
a.
b.
c.
d.
Unlike spermatogenesis, oogenesis in humans
is continuous over the life of the woman.
begins prenatally.
produces four haploid gametes.
occurs at a rapid rate.
3)
a.
b.
c.
d.
Which part of the testis produces the male sex hormones?
The epididymis
Leydig cells
The scrotum
The seminiferous tubules
4)
a.
b.
c.
Following ovulation, what happens to the follicle cells if the egg is not fertilized?
They move with the egg into the oviduct.
They degenerate.
They grow into a corpus luteum.
d. They stop secreting hormones.
5)
a.
b.
c.
d.
The egg is propelled through the oviduct by means of
cilia on its surface.
its flagellum.
uterine contractions.
cilia lining the oviduct.
6) In the early half of the menstrual cycle, before ovulation, which hormone is at its
highest level in the blood?
a. Estrogen
b. Follicle-stimulating hormone
c. Luteinizing hormone
d. Progesterone
7)
a.
b.
c.
d.
After spermatogenesis, sperm cells are generally stored in the
spermatophore.
prostate gland.
vas deferens.
epididymis.
8)
a.
b.
c.
d.
Contraceptive methods that rely on synthetic hormones
prevent the implantation of a fertilized egg in the uterus.
prevent ovulation.
prevent the sperm and egg from meeting.
A and B are true.
9)
a.
b.
c.
d.
Which statement is TRUE of the ovary? It
is located in the scrotum.
is directly connected to the oviduct.
contains a corpus luteum for most of the menstrual cycle.
contains primary oocytes when female is born.
10) Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)
a. is secreted when there is a high level of progesterone in the blood.
b. is made by the ovary.
c. stimulates the release of FSH and LH.
d. is released throughout the menstrual cycle.
11) The hormone most directly responsible for ovulation is
a. LH.
b. FSH.
c. GnRH.
d. progesterone
12) Menstruation occurs due to a decrease in
a. endometrial thickness.
b. estrogen and progesterone.
c. the number of follicles.
d. FSH and LH.
13) Which hormone(s) is/are secreted by the placenta?
a. FSH and LH
b. LH and estrogen
c. FSH and estrogen
d. estrogen and progesterone
14) The corpus luteum produces
a. estrogen.
b. progesterone.
c. luteinizing hormone.
d. A and B are correct.
15) The egg that is released from the ovary during ovulation is known as a(n)
a. zygote.
b. secondary oocyte.
c. primary oocyte.
d. polar body.
Genetic:
1)
a.
b.
c.
d.
If big feet (B) is dominant to small feet (b), the genotype of the big-footed parent can
only be bb.
only be BB.
only be Bb.
either be Bb or BB.
2)
a.
b.
c.
d.
The physical appearance of a character is called
the genotype.
the phenotype.
an allele.
a trait.
3)
a.
b.
c.
d.
When genes for two different characters segregate in a cross, what type of cross is it?
Monohybrid
Dihybrid
Trihybrid
F1
4)
a.
b.
c.
d.
The site on the chromosome occupied by a gene is called a(n)
allele.
region.
locus.
type.
5) It is predictable that half of the human babies born will be male and half will be
female because
a. of the segregation of the X and Y chromosomes during male meiosis.
b. of the segregation of the X chromosomes during female meiosis.
c. all eggs contain an X chromosome.
d. Both a and b
6)
a.
b.
c.
d.
Segregation of alleles occurs
during gamete formation.
at fertilization.
during mitosis.
during the random combination of gametes to produce the F2 generation.
7) A pea plant with red flowers is test crossed, and one-half of the resulting progeny
have red flowers, while the other half have white flowers. You know that the
genotype of the test-crossed parent was
a. RR.
b. Rr.
c. rr.
d. either RR or Rr.
8)
a.
b.
c.
d.
In the ABO blood type system,
A, B, and O are codominant.
A, B, and O are incompletely dominant.
A and B are codominant.
O is incompletely dominant to A and B.
9) In tomatoes, tall is dominant to short, and smooth fruits are dominant to hairy fruits.
A plant homozygous for both dominant traits is crossed with a plant homozygous for
both recessive traits. The F1 progeny are tested and crossed with the following results:
78 tall, smooth fruits; 82 dwarf, hairy fruits; 22 tall, hairy fruits; and 18 dwarf,
smooth fruits. These data indicate that the genes are
a. on different chromosomes.
b. linked, but do not cross over.
c. linked and show 10 percent recombination.
d. linked and show 20 percent recombination.
10) If two parents are carriers of albinism (an autosomal recessive trait), what is the
chance that their fourth child will have a homozygous genotype?
a. 0%
b. 25%
c. 50%
d. 75%
11) When genes are linked, the reason a few of the recombinant genotypes still occur in
the offspring is because of
a. mutation.
b. linkage.
c. crossing over.
d. natural selection.
12) An individual who is a "carrier" for a sex-linked trait like hemophilia
a. is always female.
b. is heterozygous for recessive condition.
c. shows the dominant phenotype.
d. All of the above are correct.
13) Hemophilia is a sex-linked recessive gene causing a blood disorder. What are the
chances that the daughter of a normal man and a heterozygous woman will have
hemophilia?
a. 0%
b. 25%
c. 50%
d. 75%
14) Crossing spherical-seeded pea plants with dented-seeded pea plants resulted in
progeny that all had spherical seeds. This indicates that the dented seed trait is
a.
b.
c.
d.
codominant.
dominant.
recessive.
A and B are correct.
15) Which of the following causes sterility in a human?
a. XXX
b. XYY
c. XXY
d. XY