Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres
Supporting Information for
Transboundary transport and deposition of Hg emission from springtime biomass
burning in Indo-China Peninsula
Xun Wang1,2,**, Hui Zhang1,2,**, Che-Jen Lin1,3,4,*, Xuewu Fu1, Yiping Zhang5, Xinbin Feng1,*
1 State
Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Guiyang, China
2
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
3 Department of Civil Engineering, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX, USA
4 College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
5Ailaoshan Station for Subtropical Forest Ecosystem Studies，Jingdong, Yunnan 676209, China
* Correspondence to: Xinbin Feng (fengxinbin@vip.skleg.cn), Che-Jen Lin (jerry.lin@lamar.edu)
**Those authors contributed equally to this work.
Contents of this file
Figures S1 to S7
Tables S1 to S2
Additional Supporting Information (files uploaded separately)
Introduction
Figures S1-S5 show the trajectory analysis similar to those shown in Figure 4 for all other
events. Figures S1-S4 described the backward trajectories of all18 events. Figure S5 shows the
backward trajectories of air masses during the period when elevated Hg and CO concentrations
were not observed. Figure S6-7 show the frequency distributions of TGM/CO similar to
Figure 6 for alternative data selection criteria. Figure S6 shows the frequency distribution of
TGM/CO ratios for the upper quartile of TGM in autumn and winter. Figure S7 exhibits the
frequency distribution of TGM/CO ratios for the biomass burning events during springtime
(Figure 4d) and for the events without fire spot (Figure 4b) detected.
Table S1 shows the CO emission from biomass burning in Indo-China Peninsula during 20012008. Table S2 lists the information about percentage of PBM of total Hg measured in the
plume of burning fresh samples from literatures, which was used to estimate the Hg emission
from biomass burning in Indo-China Peninsula.
1
Figure S1. Backward trajectories associated with Events A and E, respectively.
2
Figure S2. Backward trajectories associated with Events B, F, G, M, N and O, respectively.
3
Figure S3. Backward trajectories associated with Events C, D and L, respectively.
4
Figure S4. Backward trajectories associated with Events H, I, J, K, P, Q and R, respectively.
5
Figure S5. Backward trajectories of air masses during the period when (TGM and CO ≤ 75th
percentile, TGM/CO > 1.0 × 10-6) when the air masses passed through the region of fire hot
spots in Indo-China Peninsula.
6
Figure S6. Frequency of TGM/CO ratios for the upper quartile of TGM in autumn and winter.
The frequencies distribution exhibits a mode at 1.7×10-6 and a small mode at 1.1×10-6. 95% of
the TGM/CO ratios fell in the range of 1.7±1.1×10-6.
7
Figure S7. (1) Frequency distribution of TGM/CO ratios for the biomass burning events during
springtime (Figure 4d). (2) Frequency distribution of TGM/CO ratios for the events without fire
spots (Figure 4b) detected.
8
Table S1. Estimates of CO emission from biomass burning in Indo-China Peninsula from 2001
to 2008.
Country
type
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Cambodia Savanna
burning
1110.5
1798.9 1476.7 2226.4
1392.6 2720.0 9388.0
Cambodia Forest fires
299.6
1038.6 865.5
1501.1
1603.6 3130.0 10811.2 6360.0
5523.2
Lao
Savanna
burning
589.9
1359.7 692.5
3443.7
2770.7 1209.6 683.8
684.8
Lao
Forest fires
623.7
590.3
676.3
2781.5
1217.0 531.0
300.3
300.0
Myanmar
Savanna
burning
1015.3
981.1
585.2
2853.2
1811.4 755.2
697.8
105.6
Myanmar
Forest fires
23491.0 5905.1 7025.2 15814.0 5454.6 2280.0 2101.5
3170.0
Thailand
Savanna
burning
735.9
979.3
587.6
1477.3
1189.1 659.2
1839.8
1350.4
Thailand
Forest fires
115.2
162.3
111.7
693.3
340.1
188.0
526.1
386.0
Viet Nam
Savanna
burning
295.8
2126.6 391.4
517.7
657.8
142.7
304.1
187.5
Viet Nam
Forest fires
21.1
12.6
63.2
197.4
42.9
91.2
56.3
63.6
9
Table S2. Percentage of PBM of total Hg measured in the plume of burning fresh samples from
literatures.
Fuel type
Fuel moisture
%PBM
Ref.
pine needle
59
37.42
Obrist et al. [2008]
pine branch
47
2.21
Obrist et al. [2008]
pine branch
67
9.28
Obrist et al. [2008]
chamise leaf
56
15.77
Obrist et al. [2008]
manzaita leaf
56
15.77
Obrist et al. [2008]
manzaita leaf
94
20.04
Obrist et al. [2008]
manzanita
branch
67
13.12
Obrist et al. [2008]
--
56
50
Obrist et al. [2008]
fresh leaf
--
11
Friedli et al. [2001]
fresh twig
--
13.2
Friedli et al. [2003]
10
References
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Friedli, H. R., L. F. Radke, J. Y. Lu, C. M. Banic, W. R. Leaitch, and J. I. MacPherson (2003),
Mercury emissions from burning of biomass from temperate North American forests: laboratory
and airborne measurements, Atmospheric Environment, 37(2), 253-267, doi:10.1016/s13522310(02)00819-1.
Obrist, D., H. Moosmuller, R. Schurmann, L. W. A. Chen, and S. M. Kreidenweis (2008),
Particulate-phase and gaseous elemental mercury emissions during biomass combustion:
Controlling factors and correlation with particulate matter emissions, Environmental Science &
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