S/N
NAME
1.
Issac Sammani Butswat
REG.NO
TITILE OF
THESIS
YEAR ABSTRACT
Study on Seasonal Aug.,
Variations in the 1994
Reproductive Status
of Sheep and Goats
in Bauchi
Seasonal variations in the reproductive
status of sheep and goats were studied
over a period of two years from 1990 to
1992 at Bauchi. For the does and ewes,
significant (P<0.05) seasonal variations
were observed in live-weight, litter size,
ovulation rate, ovarian weight, follicular
diameter, packed cell volume, fecal worm
egg counts, serum protein, phosphorus
and iron. Significant (P<0.05) year
differences were observed in body
condition score and age of animals.
Ovarian weight was significantly
(P<0.05) correlated to live-weight in does
(r = 0.69) and in ewes (r= 0.70).
Significantly
(P<0.
01)
negative
correlations were observed between body
condition score and serum iron (r = 0.83)
and between packed cell volume and
fecal worm egg counts (r = 0.69) in both
does and ewes. Does had a higher
reproductive potential than ewes because
of their higher body condition score (2.3
vs 2.0) and twinning rate (1.3 vs 1.2)
respectively.
For bucks and rams, highly significant
(P<0.01) differences between years and
seasons were recorded for live-weight,
epididymal and gonadal sperm reserve,
while highly significant (P(0.01)
AREAS FOR
FURTHER
RESEARCH
2.
Yahaya Shehu
Investigations
On Dec,
The
Agronomic 1994
Requirements
Of
Lablab
Purpureus
(L.)
And
Its
Utilization
In
Supplementating
Cattle Grazing in the
Dry Season in the
Northern
Guinea
Savanna Zone of
Nigeria
differences were observed between
seasons in epididymal weight. Significant
(P<0.05) differences between seasons
were observed in scrotal circumference
and paired testes weight.
Positive and highly significant (P<0.01)
Correlations were observed between most
variables. The critical season for these
small ruminants is late rainy season (July
to September), when they need all
management attention.
Experiments were conducted at the
Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University,
Bauchi, in the Northern Guinea Savanna
zone of Nigeria to study the agronomic
requirements of lablab (Lablab purpureuB
(L. and its utilization as a supplementary
feed for cattle grazing sorghum during the
dry season. There were significant
(P<0.05) effects of planting date, spacing
and cutting stage on the dry matter yields
and chemical composition of lablab and
sorghum. Planting lablab early gave the
highest dry matter (6.59 t/ha) yield while
late planting resulted in higher crude
protein and ash contents. The levels of
both the modified acid detergent fibre and
organic matter declined with delay in
planting. Spacing had significant (P<0.05)
effect on dry matter yield but not on the
chemical composition. The 70 cm row
spacing produced the highest dry matter
yield (7.24 t/ha). Stage of cutting also had
significant
(P<0. 05) effects on both
dry matter
yield
and
chemical
composition. Cutting the 1ablab early
resulted in the lowest yields of dry matter
but gave higher crude protein and ash
contents while the modified acid
detergent fibre and organic matter
contents were lower than when cutting
was delayed. Fertilizer levels had no
significant (P<0. 05) effects on dry matter
yield but significantly influenced the
crude protein Na, Ca, Mg and P contents.
Intercropping and cropping arrangement
did not affect the dry matter yield of
lablab significantly (P<0. 05). However
the yields of sorghum were significantly
influenced. Lablab as a sole crop
produced the highest dry matter yield
(6.59 t/ha) even exceeding the combined
yields of the intercropped lablab and
sorghum. The sorghum as a sole crop
gave higher yield (1.94 t/ha) than the
when inter cropped with lablab.
Intercropping arrangement had no effect
on crude protein content of sorghum
stover. Intercropping arrangement had no
consistent effect on Na, Ca, Mg, K and P
contents of lablab and sorghum.
Another set of experiments investigated
the effects of tocking rate and the length
of grazing period on the rate of
dry matter utilization by the cattle grazing
sorghum crop residue supplemented with
3.
Suleman
Bogoro
Elias
Saidu
Effects of Protein- Aug.,
Energy
1997
Supplementation on
Rumen
kinetics,
Metabolite Profile
and
Growth
Performance
of
Rams Fed High
Fibre Diets.
lablab during the dry season. Both
the rate of utilization and the dry matter
availability were significantly (P<0.05)
affected by both stocking rate and the
length of grazing period. The rate of dry
matter utilization was fastest with the
heaviest stocking rate (4 animals/1.5
hal . Crude protein content declined with
time while the modified acid detergent
fibre levels increased.
The Live-weight gains in 1990/91
grazing season were significantly
(P<0.85) higher than in 1989/90. Both the
total weight gain and the daily weight
gain were highest (53.7 kg/season and
548 g/day respectively) with the lowest
stocking rate (2 Animals/1.5 hal and vice
versa. Time of day or night and the
type of material being grazed influenced
both the grazing pattern and behaviour of
the animals. The cattle spent a Total of 7h
41 min grazing over a 24h period.
Three Experiments were conducted with
overall aim of evaluating the nutritive
value of selected feedstuffs using rams.
In one prefeeding trial, results showed
that five to ten-minute boiling of blood
did not elicit significant difference
(P>0.05) in the chemical composition,
insitu rumen degradability and amino
acid profile of the blood meal. Results of
urea ensilage of sorghum stover (SS)
showed that ensilage beyond ten days led
to loss of vital nutrients .The In-situ
(degradability) and
In-vitro (gas
production) rumen kinetic indices were
suggestive of the extent of urea
fermentation of sorghum stover and
chemical composition of other high fibre
feedstuffs. In Experiment 2, the lower
dry matter intake (OMl) in the groundnut
cake(GNC): cotton seed cake(CSC)
(60:40) diets (207.54 and 165.69g/day for
diets 3 and 6 respectively) as against
higher values for CSC diets (360.85 and
368.77g/day for diets 2 and 5
respectively) showed that improved
apparent digestibility was associated
with reduced intake. There was
significant difference (P<0.05) between
CSC-supplemented diets and those of
BM and GNC:CSC (60:40) in their mean
daily live-weight gain (LWG), mean
feed conversion ratio and mean
digestible DMI. In Experiment 3, high
protein diets (HPD) recorded lower
nitrogen (N) retention rate (3 . 12g/day)
than medium protein diets (MPD) with
corresponding value of 5.01glday.The
consistent increase in urinary N losses
(7.08,9.25 and 13.52g1day for low
protein diets (LPD), MPD and HPD
respectively) and faecal N losses
(4.60,6.94 and 12.17g1day for LPD,
MPD and HPO respectively) reflected
the increase and subsequent drop in N
4.
Ibrahim Tahir
PGS/00592
An Assesment of Nov.
Productivity
of 2001
Rabbits at Dagwom
Farms, Vom, Plateau
State
retention between the diets (2.86,5.01
and 3. 12giday for LPD, MPD and
HPD respectively). Results also
showed that much further addition of
crude
protein(CP)
above
1
S4.70glkgDM was wasteful. Although
relatively higher than common, rumen
ammonia (137.33, 155.00 and 168.61
mg/l.) and volatile Iatty acids (VFA)
,75.35, 98.22 and 106.42mmollL) for
LPD, MPD and HPD respectively
complemented each other. Calculated
microbial N supply were 56.02, 64.098
and 65.40g/kg DOMR (digestible
organic matter fermented in the rumen)
for LPD, MPD and HPO respectively.
Since these values were found to be
higher than mean microbial N yield of
32g/ kg DOMR reported by ARC
(1984), it showed that the experimental
diets exceeded minimum requirements
for microbial protein synthesis to
support production. The results were a
proof of the efficacy of the Purine
Derivative
(PD)Technique
in
evaluating Ruminant Feedstuffs.
This study was conducted from March,
1997 to December 1998 to analyze some
quantitative traits in rabbits at the
Dagwom Farms of the National
Veterinary Research Institute Vom,
Plateau State. Data sets generated from
332 litter records which produced 1631
rabbits were used for the analysis of litter
In addition, further
studies
on
fur
qualities such as
elasticity, resilience,
texture, total wool
yield and cleanliness
should be carried out.
and individual traits. The least squares
mean gestation length of Local, 12 New
Zealand White (12 NZW), 3/4 New
Zealand White (3/4 NZW), Pure New
Zealand White (NZW) and "Others"
genotypes
were
31.70±0.13,
32.14+0.15,32.24+0.10,33.0+0.23
and
32.46+0.42 days, respectively. The
corresponding means for litter size at birth
(LSB) were 5.31±0.31, 5.13±0.36,
5.60±0.27, 5.05±0.89 and 5.58±0.42 kits.
The effect of genotype on gestation length
was significant (P<0.05) while the effects
of parity, season, year and litter size at
birth were not. The effect of genotype
on litter size was significant (P<0.05) at
21 days, but was not significant at 7, 42
and 56 days, whereas the effect of parity
was only significant (P<0.05) on litter size
at 7 (LS7) and 21 (LS21) days. Season
had significant influence on LSB and LS7
(P<0.05) and LS42 (P<0. 0 l), while the
effect of year was not significant on litter
size at any of the ages tested.
For litter weight (L W), the effect of
genotype was only significant (P<0.05) at
21 days, while the influence of season was
significant at 7 (P<0.00l), 21 (P<0.0l) and
42 days (P<0.05). The mean individual
body weight at 7 days was 0.12±0.0Ikg,
each, for Local, 12 NZW, 3/4 NZW, and
"Others" rabbits whereas Pure NZW
genotype had a mean of 0.1 0±0.0 1 kg.
The effect of genotype on body weights
was only significant (P<0.00 1) on body
weight at 56 days (BW56) whereas parity
Furthermore, the heat
tolerance of the furry
rabbits should be
investigated.
had significant (P<0.05) influence on
body weights at 7 and 42 days (BW7 and
BW42) and BW56 (P<0.0l), while sex did
not influence body weight at any of the
ages. Year of birth exerted significant
effects on BW7 (P<0.0l) and BW56
(P<0.05) as did litter size at birth
(P<0.00l) at both ages. The estimates of
heritability for litter traits were low to
moderate and ranged between 0.07~0.480
for LS21 to 0.55+0.358 for LSB. The
values of heritability for individual growth
traits were in general moderate to high
and ranged from 0.17+0.103 for BW7 to
0.90+0.261
for
BW56,
hence
improvement in body weight can be
achieved through individual selection.
The fitting of Linear, Quadratic,
Exponential, Parabolic, Wood, McNally
and Inverse Polynomial models to growth
data yielded coefficients of determination
(R2) of 70.2+0.26, 70.5+0.26, 82.0+0.35,
83.3+0.33, 84.0+0.34 and 59.9+ 1.99,
respectively. The Gamma type functions
(McNally and Wood) best predicted body
weight changes to 24 weeks. The result of
Simple Segregation Analysis for the furry
gene revealed that the inheritance of this
gene conforms to the simple Mendelian
model. The performance of furry and nonfurry rabbits were not significantly
different for most traits. The mean length
of Bristle and Down hair of furry rabbits
were 7.66+0.l7 +and 6.74+0.20cm,
respectively, while the corresponding
diameters were 14.96::!=0.02 and
11.92::!=0.03~m. The effect of sex on
5.
Egbo Mary Louise
PGS/00379
Effect of Dietary Nov.,
Protein and Energy 2011
Levels and Sources
on
Growth
Performance
in
Rabbits
length of Bristle hair was significant
(P<0.05) but was negligible on that of
Down hair. Age had significant (P<0.001)
influence on length of Bristle and Down
hairs. Similarly, differences due to sex in
diameter were significant for Bristle
(P<0.0 1) and Down hairs (P<0.00 1). The
effect of age was also significant (P<0.00
1) on the diameter of Bristle and Down
hairs. The pre-weaning mortality rates of
Local, Y2 NZW, 3/4 NZW, Pure NZW
and "Others" rabbits were 67.47+3.22,
68.44+3.57, 63.63+63.57, 63.63+3.01,
74.97+6.29 and 45.93+4.59 respectively.
The rate of mortality from 0-7, 8-21, 2242 and 43-56 days were 48.25, 9.14, 7.05
and 5.15 respectively. The productive and
reproductive performance of rabbits at
Dagwom Farms were generally low.
Four experiments were conducted to
investigate the effects of dietary protein
and energy levels and sources on growth
performance in cross-bred Lop x New
Zealand rabbits. The first experiment was
a 2x3 factorial design with two protein
levels (14% and 18% CP) and three
digestible energy (DE) levels (2.40, 2.70
and 3.00kcal/g) with five rabbits per
treatment. Rabbits fed the diet with 18 C P
and 3.00 kcal/g DE, had the best
performance (P<O.O 1) in terms of weight
gain and feed conversion ratio, whereas
those fed the diet with 14% CP and 2.40
kcal/g DE had the poorest performance.
Forty weaner rabbits were used in each of
the Experiments 2 and 3 with ten rabbits
per treatment in a completely randomized
design. In the second experiment full fat
soybean (FFSB), groundnut cake (GNC),
cotton seed cake (CSC) and blood meal
(BM) constituted the major sources of
protein Rabbits fed soybean based diet
had the best performance (P<0.0 1) in
terms of weight gain and feed conversion
ratio, whereas those fed blood meal based
diet gave the poorest performance. In the
third experiment maize, sorghum, cassava
and sweet potato formed the major energy
sources in the four diets. The highest daily
weight gains were obtained for the rabbits
fed maize and sorghum based diets and
the lowest with those on cassava based
diet. In the fourth experiment, there were
five diets consisting of a control (no fat)
and four others with fat, either from plant
(groundnut oil) or animal (butter) sources,
each at two levels (3% and 6%) of
inclusion. There were ten rabbits per diet.
Rabbits on 6% animal fat based diet
recorded the highest (P<0.0l) daily weight
gains and the lowest weight gains were
obtained in rabbits fed the 6 plant fat
based diet. From these findings a diet
containing 18% CP and 3.00 kcal/g DE
appears appropriate for weaned rabbits.
Full fat soybean was superior to GNC,
CSC and BM as a source of dietary
protein while maize and sorghum were the
best sources of energy for rabbits.
6.
Doma Umar Dass
PGS/0745
Nutritional
Dec.,
Evaluation
of 2001
Agricultural
ByProducts in the Diets
of Rabbits
Inclusion of animal fat at 6% level
improved the weight gain and efficiency
of feed utilization in rabbits.
Four experiments were conducted to
determine the effect of varying levels of
maize milling waste (MMW), groundnut
haulms (OHM), groundnut hulls (GHL),
sorghum milling waste (SMW), rice offal
(RO) and spent sorghum residue (SSR) on
growth performance, nutrient digestibility,
economic
efficiency
and
carcass
characteristics in Dutch x Chinchilla
rabbits of both sexes. In Experiment 1,
forty rabbits were randomly allotted to
four diets (ten rabbits per diet) for five
weeks. The MMW was included at 30, 40,
50 and 60% levels in a completely
randomized design. Most of the
parameters studied were not affected by
inclusion level. However, the detergent
fibre (ADF, P<O.OOI and NDF, P<0.05)
intakes and gut segments increased while
the
detergent
fibre
digestibilities
decreased (ADFD, P<0.001 and NDFD,
P<0.0l) with increasing MMW levels. In
Experiment 2, forty rabbits were
randomly assigned to four diets in which
OHL replaced OHM at 0, 33.33, 66.67
and 100% levels in a completely
randomized design for five weeks. The
digestibilities of dry matter (DMD),
organic matter (OMD), crude protein
(CPD), ADFD and NDFD, as well as
daily weight gain (DWO) and kidney fat
decreased while ADF and NDF intake as
well as caecum and large intestine weights
increased with increasing OHL levels. In
Experiment 3, thirty two rabbits were
randomly allotted to four diets. SMW and
RO were each included at 20 and 40%
levels in a 2x2 factorial combination.
Most of the parameters were affected by
the type x level interaction. However, feed
conversion ratio (FCR), CPD, ADFD and
NDFO were similar. The main effect
showed that rabbits on the SMW
performed better than those on RO diets.
Similarly, rabbits on 20% level performed
better than those on the 40 level. In
Experiment 4, in which SSR replaced
maize at 0, 40, 50 and 60% levels, forty
rabbits were randomly allotted to four
diets in a completely randomized design
for six weeks. The intakes of nutrients
increased
(P<0.00l)
and
their
digestibilities decreased (P<0.00l) with
increasing SSR levels. However, DWO,
FeR and most of the carcass parameters
were similar. Kidney fat decreased while
the caecum and large intestine increased
with increasing levels of SSR. Results
indicate that MMW, SMW, RO and SSR
could be included at 60, 40 ,20 and 60%
levels respectively, while OHL could
replace 66.67% of OHM in the diets of
rabbits without depression of performance
7.
Muhammad
Bashir.Fagge
PGS/9798/102001
Evaluation
Of Aug.,
Yoghurt Powdered 2003
Milk and Soymilk
and carcass yield.
Three experiments were conducted to
evaluate yoghurt produced from whole
cow milk WCM), powdered milk (PM)
and soymilk (SM). Experiment I studied
the effect of culture concentration (2.5
g/Q, 5.0 g/O and 10 g/Q) and inoculation
temperature (25°C and 45°C) on the
physicochemical,
microbial
and
organoleptic properties of yoghurt
produced from the three base materials in
a nested experimental design. The two
inoculation temperatures were nested
within
the
three
inoculation
concentrations in each of the three base
materials to form an experimental unit.
Each experimental unit with its
replications were stored at three storage
conditions (freezer, -4 to 6°C; refrigerator,
4 to 10°C and room temperature, 26 to
32°C) for four weeks. The result showed a
significant (P < 0.001) difference in
titratable acidity (ranging from 1.31% to
2.52%), pH (4.49- 5.38) and total solids
(12.4% - 17.1% ). Total protein (2.55% 3.09%) and ash (0.48% - 0.85%) also
differed (P < 0.01). No significant
difference was observed in the total
microbial load due to base material.
Storage condition and storage period
significantly affected titratable acidity (P
< 0.001), pH (P < 0.001), total solids (P <
0.01), total fat (P < 0.001) and total
microbial load (P < 0.001). Significant
differences
(P < 0.01) were recorded
on all the organoleptic parameters of
yoghurt stored at the three storage
conditions, with yoghurt from PM (PMY)
and WCM(WCMY) inoculated with 2.5
g/Q and 5.0 g/Q at both 2YC and 45°C
being rated higher than yoghurt from SM
(SMY) for taste. The taste of yoghurt
correlated positively with aroma, colour,
texture and the overall acceptability.
Experiment II evaluated the effects of
replacing WCM and PM with different
levels of SM on the physicochemical,
microbial and organoleptic properties of
yoghurt.
Using
a
9x2
factorial
arrangement in a completely randomized
design, both WCM and PM were replaced
with 25,50, 75 and 100% SM to produce
various types of yoghurts, which were
then stored at 4 to 7°C for 14 days. results
showed a significant (P<0.001) difference
in titratable acidity (0.9% for 0.7SSM':',C\1Y vs 0.56% for 100% SMY), pH (3.67
for 0.2SSM-WCMY vs 4.10 for 100%
SMY), total protein (3.10% for 0.75SMWCMY vs 1.89% for 0.75SM-PMY), ash
(0.69% for 0.25SM-PMY vs 0.52% for
0.2SSM-WCMY) and total microbial load
(2.02 x 106 for 0.75SM-WCMYvs 0.94 x
106 for 100% PMY cfu/ml). The titratable
acidity correlated significantly with pH (r
= - 0.459; P<0.00 1),total fat (1' =
8.
Talib,
Aboubakar
Mohammed PGS/9899/102039
Utilization of Jiben Aug.,
Seeds
in
the 2003
Processing of Milk
into white Pickled
Cheese
0.339;P<0.05) and total protein (r = 0.393
;P<0.0 1). A significant difference (P <
0.05) recorded on overall acceptability
ratings of the products with 0.75SM-PMY
and 0.25SMCMY having the highest
scores. Experiment III assessed the
financial viability of producing the
various yoghurt types in Experiment II.
The result showed that the variable cost of
producing 100% PMY (N148.S/Q) was
the highest, while the lowest (N106.8/Q)
was recorded on 100% SMY. From the
three experiments, it was concluded that
yoghurt with acceptable quality can be
produced from any of the three base
materials with 0.5 g/l of inoculant at either
25 or 45°C and stored in either freezer or
refrigerator for up to three weeks. Both
WCMY and PMY could be replaced with
up to 75% SM and kept for two weeks or
more without significant changes in
quality. Thus, the addition SM could
enhance the revenue base of yoghurt
producers and improve the protein intake
of the Nigerian populace, especially in the
study area.
Studies were conducted at the Abubakar
Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi,
Nigeria and the Farcha Laboratory of
Veterinary Research, Ndjamena, Chad, on
the utilization of Jiben (Solanum dubium)
seeds in the processing of milk into white
pickled cheese. Experiment I determined
the enzymatic and coagulating properties
of Jiben seeds. Different levels (5, 10, 15
and 20 g) of the seeds were soaked in
water containing different concentrations
(0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 g/l00 ml) of NaCl and the
enzymes were extracted with both water
and 0.1 N citrate phosphate buffer. The
results showed that Jiben seeds extracted
in water had less milk clotting activity
than those extracted using NaCl.
Increasing Jiben seed and NaCl
concentrations increased the effectiveness
of milk clotting enzymes thereby
decreasing the coagulation lime of the
cheese (P < 0.001). The maximum yield
of cheese (12) 0 btained when 15-20g
Jiben seeds were used with 8g/100ml
NaCl solutions was significantly (P <
0.01) different from the minimum yield of
9% obtained on 5 - 109 Jiben seeds.
Experiment II studied the effect of
different concentrations of Jiben seeds
extract on physicochemical, microbial and
organoleptic properties of white pickled
cheese. A method of producing white
pickled cheese using Jiben seeds extract
was developed. Samples of the cheese
produced using Jiben seeds extract and
those produced using calf rennet were
ripened in whey containing 15% NaCI, in
sealed glass jars for five months at room
temperature (35-37C) and in the
refrigerator (4-7C). During pickling,
samples
were
analyzed
for
physicochemical,
microbial
and
organoleptic properties twice a month for
the lst 3 months and once a month for the
remaining two months. The results
showed an increase in salt content,
moisture content and titratable acidity
during the first two weeks of ripening,
followed by a gradual decrease as the
pickling period advanced in both types of
cheese. pH and fat contents decreased
after 30 days of ripening followed by a
gradual increase at the end of storage
period. Protein contents of both cheeses
decreased gradually right from the first
month of ripening. There was a gradual
decrease in total bacterial count per gram
of cheese during the ripening period. Total
coliforms, molds and yeasts were
completely inhibited after 45 days of
storage. Staphylococcus aureus and faecal
coli forms were not found throughout the
investigation period. Experiment III
assessed or determined the shelf-life and
keeping quality of white pickled cheese
produced using Jiben seeds extract as
coagulant. Results showed that the 0
rganoleptic scores of cheese increased as
the pickling period progressed. Fifteen
grams Jiben seeds soaked in 100 ml of
water containing 8 g NaCl were found to
be suitable for the cheese processing.
Cheese produced using either Jiben seeds
9.
Bube Masudi Mallam
PGS/00476
Nutritional
Sept.
Evaluation of Meats 2003
From
Various
Animal
Species
Processed
By
Different Methods
extract or rennet had a shelf-life of more
than 5 months both at room temperature
and in the refrigerator. Jiben seeds extract
can thus be used to replace rennet in the
manufacture of cheese.
Three experiments were carried out to
investigate the effect of different methods of
processing ruminant and non-ruminant meat on
the products' chemical composition and sensor)
evaluation as well as the performance of
Winters rats fed diets based on meat of
ruminant and non-ruminant animals. Fresh
samples of meats of cattle, sheep, goats.
chickens and ducks were collected from five
locations (replicates per location) in Bauchi
metropolis and processed into Balangu. Both
the fresh and processed meat samples were
subjected to proximate analysis. Dry matter,
crude protein and ash were influenced by
processing methods (P<0.001) as was ether
extract (P<0.05). In Experiment I, the proximate
composition, sensory properties and microbial
load of ruminant meats (beef goat. mutton)
processed into Kilishi, Dambu. Balangu and
Tsire were assessed. The different meat
products were served to 15 panelists comprising
of staff and students for sensory ratings Llsing
a 9-point hedonic scale. Processing methods
affected proximate composition (P<O.001) and
sensory properties (palatability, tenderness. and
juiciness’ (P<0.001) colour (P<0.05) of ruminant
meat products but flavour and acceptability
were not affected. The microbial load indicated
that Kilishi and Dombu had better keeping
quality than Tsire and Balangu. In
Experiment 2. non ruminant meats (rabbit
broiler and spent layer) were processed into
Tsire. Dambu and Balangu to determine
their proximate composition, sensory properties
and microbial load. The meat products were
served to 15 panelists as in Experiment I. All
the sensor parameters were significantly
(P<0.001) affected by the processing methods
Dambu, having better keeping quality than
tsire and Balangu. In Experiment 3, two
feeding trials were conducted to evaluate the
performance of rats fed processed ruminant and
non-ruminant meat products( Kilishi. Dambu,
Tsire and Balangu) based diets, Six rats
were allotted to each treatment with three
replicates per treatment in a completely
randomized design. In both trials, daily feed
intake, weight gain and digestibilities of dry
matter and protein were significantly
(P<0.001) affected by the dietary
treatments but feed conversion ratio was
not affected. Rats fed Dambu based diets
performed better than those fed Kilishi,
Tsire and Balangu. Results indicated that
all the different processed meat products
were generally palatable and acceptable.
However, Kilishi and Dambu had better
keeping quality than Tsire and Balangu.
Rats appeared to utilize Dambu-ossec
diets better than other meat products.
10.
Yakubu Isiyaku Magaji
Nutritive Value of May,
Some
Browse 2004
Species Used as
Ruminant Feeds in
the Northern Guinea
Savanna Zone of
Bauchi State
Leaves of five browse species namely
Anogeissus leiocarpus (AL), Annona
senegalensis (AS), Ficus sycomorus (FS),
Khaya senegalensis (KS) and Pterocarpus
evinaceus (PE) were collected on
Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University,
Bauchi
campus
and
surrounding
environment The collections were carried
out in the early rainy season (ERS), late
rainy season (LRS), early dry season
(EDS) and late dry season (LDS) over a
two - year period (1996 and 1997). In
experiment I, leaf samples were analysed
for chemical composition, dry matter and
crude protein degradabilities and mineral
contents. Experiment 2 tested the
preference of the five browse species by
Red Sokoto bucks. In experiment 3, the
animals were fed either Anogeissus
leiocarpus or Khaya senegalensis,
supplemented with either 200g or 400g
maize milling waste (MMW). Similarly.
in experiment 4 the animals were fed
either Anogeissus leiocarpus or Khaya
senegalensis, supplemented with either
200g or 400g of an energy/protein
concentrate. The results showed that FS
had the highest dry matter(DM) (46.01%
), acid detergent fibre (ADF) (42.43%).
Neutral detergent fibre (NDF) (48.79%),
Ash
(19.03%)
and
dry
matter
Research focusing on
fodder trees such
vitex
doniana,
danielia oliveri etc
with
inadequate
information should be
intensified.
degradability (DMDG) (60.74%), while
AL, AS and KS had the highest crude
protein (CP) (11.68%), ether extract (EE)
(7.26%) and == protein degradability
(CPDG).
(64.62%)
respectively.
Similarly, AS had the highest contents of
Ca (5.12%) and Fe (l896.40mg/kg), AL
had the highest Cu (73.44mg/kg) and Na
(0.66%), while FS had the highest P
(1.14%). Mg (1.09%), K (l.72%), Mn
(216.49mg/kg) and Zn (1 34.3mg/kg).
Season and year had significant effect on
the
chemical
composition
and
degradability of both DM and CP.
Similarly. There were significant effects
of browse x season. Browse x year and
year x season on the chemical and mineral
composition as well as dry matter and
crude protein degradabilities. Preference
study indicated that PE was the most
acceptable. The main effects of browse
type on nutrient intake and digestibility
were not significant. Animals on AL lost
10. 7g daily while those on KS gained
12.30g daily.bucks on the 400g of MMW
supplementation had significantly higher
MMWI,TDMI,OMI and crude protein
digestibility(CPD). Also animals on the
200g level lost 9.75g daily while those on
400g level gained 11.87g/daily. There
were significant (P<0.05) browse type x
supplement level interaction effects on
DMD and OMD. The main effect of
11.
Mancha Yusufu Pam
PGS/1900/102035
Characterization of Dec.,
Local Chickens in 2004
the Northern Part of
the Jos Plateau
browse type and levels of energy/protein
concentrate supplementation showed that
bucks on KS basal diet had
significantly(P<0.05)
higher
OMI
(521.12g/head/day)
and
DWG(30.25g/day) than those on AL.
similarly, bucks on the 400g level had
significantly higher concentrate intake
(CONI)
(234.05g/head/day),
TDMI
(583.11g/head/day),
CPI
(103.47G/head/day), OMD(72.34%) and
DWG(26.75G/day) than those on 200g
level. It was concluded that the leaves of
the browse species were averagely
degradable and they had more than the
minimum CP and minerals throughout the
seasons of the year. Also, supplementation
with 400g of either MMW or
energy/protein concentrate gave the best
animal performance.
A total of 1433 adult local chickens (675
cocks and 758 hens) from six local
government areas (LGAs) of the Jos
Plateau were assessed from 2001 to 2003.
Some observable bird characteristics, live
weight and linear measurements were
studied. Local chickens in the northern
part of the Jos Plateau were a homogenous
population, light/moderate breed, and
appear to be descendants of the wild
species Gallus gallus. These birds, which
were mostly dark brown (22.96%) or
mottled (38.94% ) in colour, had red
12.
Alade Nurudeen Kehinde
PGS/10201
2
A Study of Some Oct.,
Production
and 2005
(40.75% ) and single blade (89.53% )
combs. They lay between eight and twelve
eggs per clutch, with the shell colours
being predominantly brown (33.7%) and
cream (26.3%). With average number of
clutches obtainable among indigenous
chickens per year being three, the total
egg production for the chicken population
on the Jos Plateau would, therefore, stand
at 30 eggs per bird per year. Selection for
breeding, with the aim of developing
breeds and / or strains of interest would,
therefore, be viable among the Jos native
chicken. In addition, the significant
variations in live weight by observable
characteristics indicate that live weight
could be selected for by observing the
related characteristics. This would provide
less expensive and less cumbersome
breeding strategies. The selection
procedure 'would, however, favour birds
with leg spurs, more than nine comb cusps
and those with lacing or mottling
secondary feather patterns. Birds with
these variants were heaviest, being 1. 71,
1.52, 1.59 and 1.50 kg, respectively.
Similarly, stippling feather pattern, white shelled eggs and spur leggedness are good
indices for selecting hens in their second
sequence for high egg production and
weight on the Jos Plateau.
The study was conducted at the University
of Maiduguri Teaching and Research
Genetic Parameters
of three
Farm between October 1999 and April
2003 on three breeds of goats; namely
Sahel (S), Red Sokoto (RS) and West
African Dwarf (WAD). Quantitative traits
and performance data of 194 kids from
137 litters (progeny of nine sires and 46
dams) were analyzed for the effects of
genetic and environmental factors.
Weight- age data were also fitted to seven
mathematical models. Average birth
weights for S, RS and WAD were 2.07,
81 and 1.42kg respectively while the
corresponding weaning weights were
8.82, 8.70 and 5.68kg. The effect of
genotype on body weights was significant
(p<O.OO1) at all ages. Seasonal effect
became significant from the age of
90days. Year of birth exerted significant
effect on body weights at 30, 60 and
180days of age while parity was
significant (p<0.001) only at birth. The
effects of litter size and sex on body
weights were significant except at
120days of age. Rate of gain of WAD
goats was inferior to those of Sand RS at
Pre weaning (p<0.001) and post weaning
(p<0.01) stages. The effects of season and
year on the pre weaning and post weaning
rates of gain were also significant
(p<0.01). However parity, litter size and
sex effects were significant (p<O.O1)
only during the pre weaning stages. Body
measurements of RS and S goats were
similar but were both significantly
(p<O.OO1) superior to those of WAD
goats. Seasonal effect generally was not
significant during the pre weaning stages
but became significant thereafter. Litter
size significantly /affected all the body
measurements at all ages while year of
birth exerted significant effect on only
heart birth and chest depth at all ages.
Twins and triplets were similar in their
body measurements but had significantly
lower body measurements than singles.
Generally males were significantly better
than females all body measurements. The
effect of genotype on all testicular
measurements became significant after
., eaning. The effects of other factors
however varied according to age and type
of testicular measurements.
~']I the sources of variations (except sex)
had significant effect on preweaning
mortality, but only breed,
: ear and season significantly affected
postweaning mortality. Gamma type
(Wood), Gamma type
'.IcNally) and Inverse polynomial best
predicted body weights with R2 values of
above 80. Genetic
carameter estimates for individual traits
ranged from low to high. Though the
performance of the local
::-reeds of goats was generally low,
improvement is possible through selection
in some traits such as body
-eights, body measurements and testicular
13.
Zahraddeen Danjuwa
PGS/0102/102082
Studies
on Nov.,
Reproductive
2006
Performance
and
Milk Productivity of
Goats in Bauchi
measurements due to high heritability and
repeatability values.
Studies were conducted on goat herds in
Bauchi State and at the Research Farm of
the Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University,
Bauchi, to evaluate goat production and
management procedures, meat and milk
products consumption. milk productivity
and reproductive performance. The goat
breeds studied were Red Sokoto (RS).
Sahel (SG). Kano Brown (KB) and West
African Dwarf (WAD). A total of 1078
herds was randomly sampled from 100
settlements in the 20 Local Government
Areas of the State. The data collected
were analyzed using chi-square and other
descriptive statistics. Most performance
indices considered. namely. mean
number of goats. herd structure, disease
incidence and mortality rate varied
significantly with breed. management
and location. Mortality rates were
significantly (P<0.05) higher in SG
(44.30%) and WAD(41.95%) than KB
(36.12%) and RS (26.73%) goats.
Mortality rates were significantly lower
(P <, 0.05) in the intensive (7.14) than the
semi-intensive (21.30%) and extensive
(41.43%) management systems. There
were significant (P<0.05) differences in
the consumption of meat and milk
products. Among the seven meat
products tsire was most preferred
Research into ration
supplementations on
the
overall
improvement of both
goat milk yield and
composition should
be carried out.
followed by balangu. Very few
respondents consumed goat milk and
milk products. Reproductive traits such
as oestrous behaviour, udder dimensions
during gestation and lactation and postconception traits such as partial daily
milk yield (POM), milk composition.
reproductive problems and kids growth
performance were also investigated. The
three goat breeds exhibited variable
oestrous pattern in both dry and wet
seasons. SG does exhibited longest
oestrous cycle (20.3 ± 0.16 days) and
shortest oestrous duration (27.9 ± 0.35
hours) followed by RS (19.5....± 0.15
days and 29.0 = 0.36 hr) and WAD (18.5
± 0.23 days and 29.9 ± 0.36hr) does.
There was significant (P<O.05) increase
in udder dimensions within the first 2
trimesters of pregnancy followed by
further (P<O.05) increase during the last
trimester (last 50 days of pregnancy).
Sahel does had significantly (P <0.01)
largest udder dimensions and highest
(207.74 ± 1.45 ml) average PDM
followed by RS (188.27 = 1.28 ml) with
lowest value in WAD (168.63± 1.27 ml)
does. Post-conception traits such as
kidding percentage. gestation length
kidding distribution, kidding interval,
litter size, birth weight, kids growth
performance and kids survival rates
differed significantly with breed. season.
14.
Ngele, Muctar Bockarie
PGS/0001/102054
Fermentation
and April,
Metabolic Trends in 2008
Rams
Fed
Roughages
with
Various
Supplements
body condition score ,litter size, and
parity. Incidence of reproductive
problems observed in the study was
significantly influenced by season, body
condition score and parity. The RS goats
seemed more adapted in terms of
reproductive performance than other
breeds. In general, adequate provision of
housing,
supplementary
feeds,
maintenance of good sanitary condition
and prompt control of diseases would
greatly improve the performance of
goats.
Three Experiments were conducted to
investigate the nutritive value of rice
straw (RS) and other feedstuffs (poultry
and poultry litter treated rice straw) using
growing Yankasa rams. In the preliminary
study, broiler litter was subjected to sun
drying and ensilage treatment methods.
Rice straw was treated with urea or
poultry litter by ensilage methods.
Pathogenic microbial flora in the poultry
litter and poultry litter treated rice straw
was evaluated. The rumen dry matter
degradability values of the experimental
diets were determined using two
cannulated bulls with permanent rumen
cannulae. The performance of growing
Yankasa rams fed urea-treated or poultry
litter treated rice straw was determined.
The trial was a 4 x 2 factorial experiment
in a randomized complete block design.
The preliminary trial results revealed that
sun-drying and ensiling of poultry
litter(PL)can
significantly
(P<0.05)
increase the crude protein (CP) of the
litter(18.28 to between 27.25 and
28.13%). Treating RS with fertilizer grade
urea or PL reduced the crude fibre (CF)
from 24.35 to 23.25%, and increased the
CP contents from 4.44 to 12.35% of the
straw. Results of PL ensilage of RS
showed that 21days ensilage yielded high
CP (13.06%) and lowest CF (23.25%).
Pathogenic microbes in PL or PL treated
RS were drastically reduced (P<0.05) by
the treatment methods. The in-situ rumen
degradability
and
in-vivo
kinetic
properties of the RS were suggestive of
the positive effects of the treatments. The
feeding of treated RS with supplements
improved the weight gain (P<O.OI) and
feed conversion ratio (P<0.001). Dry
matter digestibility of the urea treated RS
(64.57 to 77.25%) and PL treated RS
(62.04 to 80.64%) was higher than that of
the untreated RS(46.26 to 69.25%). The
nitrogen balance though positive across
dietary treatments, was high for rams on
the mixed supplements (7.64 - 10.96g/d
for TRS; 5.57 - 12.85g/d for PLTRS) than
protein or energy supplements alone. The
rumen ammonia nitrogen (RAN) and total
volatile fatty acids (VFA) significantly
increased (P<0.001; P<0.05) post-feeding;
15.
Diarra Siaka S.
PGS/02/10
20109
Evaluation
of Aug.,
Sesame Seed Meal 2008
As A source of Meal
as a Source of
Methionine
in
Poultry Diets
9.56 - 30.09mg1l00ml and 8.21 12.21Mmo1l100ml respectively. Blood
urea (BU) and total blood protein (TBP)
were also increased post-feeding. From
these findings, the utilization of RS by
ruminants can be enhanced by treatment,
supplementation or both. Poultry litter can
serve as a good alternative to fertilizer
grade urea in treating RS for animal
feeding, thus reducing competition with
crop farmers for the urea fertilizer, and
also recycling otherwise disposable
poultry farm house waste.
The high cost of synthetic methionine for
poultry feeding calIs for intensification of
research into alternative cheap sources of
this essential amino acid. Sesame seed
with a high methionine content could be
one of such alternatives. Four (4)
experiments (1, 2, 3 and 4) were
conducted to assess the utilization of
sesame seed meal (SSM) as a source of
dietary methionine for poultry. In
experiment 1, the effect of processing on
the utilization of the seed by broilers was
investigated. Four diets containing 15.00
each of raw sesame seed (RASS), roasted
sesame seed (ROSS), boiled and dried
sesame seed (BDSS) and soaked and
dried sesame seed (SDSS) and a control
diet containing 0.00% sesame seed were
fed. Experiments 2, 3 and 4 investigated
the utilization of 5 levels of replacement
Since there exist wide
varietal differences in
the
phytic
acid
content of the seed,
plant breeders should
be
encouraged
through funding to
research into the
breeding of glandless
varieties.
of soyabean meal with SDSS (0.00;
12.50; 25.00; 37.50 and 50.00) as a source
of methionine for broilers, cockerels and
layers respectively. In experiment 1, the
best processing method in terms of
reduction of phytic acid (PA) and
performance of broilers was SDSS and
was used in experiments 2, 3 and 4. In
soya bean meal with SDSS and feed
intake above 37.50 replacement level.
Feed conversion ratio (FeR) and feed cost
per kg gain eN/kg gain) were unaffected
by dietary SSM. In experiment 3, final
body weight, feed intake, feed cost per kg
gain and carcass yield of cockerels were
not affected by the level of SSM, but
inclusion of SSM above 25.00% level of
replacement significantly depressed daily
weight gain. Breast meat deposition was
improved on the SSM-based diets
compared to the control. With the
exception of white blood ceIl (WBC)
count dietary SSM had no effects on other
blood
parameters
determined.
In
experiment 4, hen-day egg production
was significantly reduced above 25.00%
level of replacement of soyabean meal
with SSM. Egg weight was reduced and
FCR increased above 12.50% level of
replacement. Shell quality was not
affected by the level of SSM in the diet.
White cell count was not affected, but
other blood parameters were significantly
16.
Abubakar Mohammed
Nutrient
Intake, Oct.,
Digestibility,
2008
Growth Performance
and Rumen Studies
in Weaner Yankasa
Sheep Fed Different
Nitrogen Sources
reduced above 12.50 level. These results
suggest that replacing soya bean meal
with SSM at 25.00% in the diet of meat
birds (broilers and cockerels) and 12.50%
in layers will meet their methionine
requirement without adverse effects on
performance indices. However, soaking
the seed is recommended as this proves
most effective in reducing the PA content.
In addition, breeding for sesame cultivars
with low PA content should be
encouraged.
Four experiments were conducted to
investigate the effects of feeding various
nitrogen sources (cotton seed cake (CSC),
Urea and sundried broiler litter (SDBL))
using growing Yankasa rams in a
completely randomized design with five
treatments of four animals each. In
addition, an experiment was carried out to
determine the rumen dry matter
degradability values of the experimental
feed ingredients using two cannulated
bulls fitted with permanent rumen
cannulae.
Nutrient
intake
and
digestibility, nitrogen balance, rumen
parameters, growth performance and feed
cost per kg gain of the rams fed the diets
or supplements were determined. The in
situ rumen degradability and in vivo
kinetic properties of the various feedstuffs
were suggestive of their nutritive value
for ruminants feeding. In Experiment 2,
the feeding of CSC, Urea or CSC/Urea in
diets significantly [P<0.05] improved the
intakes of dry matter (DMI), crude protein
(CPI), daily weight gain (DWG), feed
conversion ratio (FCR) as well as CP
digestibility (P<O.OO 1). The nitrogen
balance though positive across treatments,
was higher for rams fed CSC, Urea or
CSC/Urea in diets (5.87, 7.47 and 6.73
g/day). In Experiment 3, the rumen
ammonia nitrogen (RAN) and total
volatile fatty acids (VF A) production
significantly increased
across
the
treatments (P<0.05; P<0.001) post feeding
(21.34-31.21 mgll OOml and 5.268.24Mmol / 100ml respectively). In
Experiment 4, forage DMI was generally
low, but significantly (P<O.OO 1) higher
for animals on SDBL-based supplements.
Concentration of RAN and total VF A
decreased gradually with time after
feeding, indicating absorption and or
utilization by ruminal microorganisms. In
Experiments 5, concentrate DMI and
forage DMI were significantly (P<O.O 1
and P<0.05 respectively) different across
the treatments. While rams fed SDBLbased supplements observed lower
concentrate
DMI
(241.69
and
247.42g/day), they recorded the highest
forage DMI (358.12 and 372.49g/day).
CP digestibility values, which ranged
from 59.86% for rams fed Urea/SDBL
17.
Bello, Khadijat Musa
PGS/10208
3
Nutritive Evaluation April,
of
Palm 2009
Kernel(Elaise
guinensis) Meal as
an Alternative Feed
Supplement
for
Chickens
supplements to 66.49 for those
supplemented with CSC/Urea did not
differ between treatments. The mean daily
weight gains were similar across the
treatments (93.87-104.42g/day). Feed cost
per kg gain was cheapest for rams fed
Urea/SDBL supplement (N100.53), which
was also associated with the highest cost
savings of N41.33. It was concluded from
this study that Urea and / or sundried
broiler litter can serve as a good
alternative to the expensive cotton seed
cake in the diets of sheep without any
deleterious effects on performance. This
will reduce the cost of feed and also
create a useful means of recycling poultry
house waste, which would have polluted
the environment.
Four experiments were conducted to
determine the effect of different levels of
palm kernel meal (PKM), with or without
fish meal and processing methods of palm
kernel meal on performance, cost
effectiveness, nutrient digestibility, blood
chemistry and carcass characteristics of
different classes of chicken. In experiment
1, two hundred (200) day-old Anak broiler
chicks were in a completely randomized
design allocated to five dietary treatments
(0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% PKM) in four (4)
replicates. The feed intake and daily
weight gain (P<0.05) increased with
inclusion of PKM up to 30% but the feed
-Further research into
the utilization of
locally
processed
PKM in ruminant
diet because of its
high nitrogen content
and their ability to
utilize non protein
nitrogen.
-Research in to the
inclusion of PKM
above
40
in
cockerels' diet.
-Research in to the
use of synthetic
conversion ratio were however similar to
the control. The feed costs per kg weight
gain were cheaper than the control. The
blood chemistry and most of the carcass
parameters were not significantly affected
by dietary treatments. In experiment 2,
two hundred and ten (210) day- old Anak
broiler chicks were randomly allocated to
seven (7) dietary treatments in which
PKM was included at 0, 15, 30 and 45%
levels with low level (2%) and high level
(5%) fish meal in a 3 x 2 factorial
combination. Results showed a significant
(P < 0.05) treatment effect.
Feed intake and feed conversion showed a
significant increase with increase in PKM
and FM inclusion levels, while the DWG
was decreased with increase in PKM
level. The feed cost per kg weight gain
was cheaper on the low fish meal diets.
The blood chemistry and carcass
characteristics, except for urea and
plucked weight were not affected by the
dietary treatments.
In experiment 3, one hundred and eight
cockerel chicks were allocated to five
dietary treatments in a 2 x 2 factorial
experiment. The diets were made up of
control (O%PKM) and two differently
processed PKM (industrial and local) each
included at 20 and 40% levels. The
cockerels on industrial PKM had a
significantly (P < 0.05) higher feed
enzymes in PKM
based
diets
to
enhance
nutrient
digestibility
and
performance.
Research into the
components of PKM
that led to better
performance
compared to the
control diet (i.e.
maize and Soya bean
mixtures).
18.
Akande, Kemi Eunice
PGS/0001/102050
Effect Of Some June,
Unconventional
2009
Protein Sources on
the
Performance,
Nutrient
Digestibility
and
Carcass
Characteristics
of
Rabbits
intake, daily weight gain and better feed
conversion ratio (P < 0.01) compared to
the control and those on local PKM diets.
Most of the carcass and blood parameters
were similar except, for live weight, head,
feet, length of small intestine, PCV,
albumin and total protein. In experiment
4, PKM was included at 0, 15, 30, 45 and
60% levels in the diet of 200 Isa Brown
layers in a completely randomized design.
There was significant increase (P < 0.00 I)
in feed intake with increase in PKM
inclusion level, while hen-day egg
production were similar up to 45% PKM
inclusion levels. The cost per dozen egg
production increased with PKM inclusion.
Results showed that PKM can be included
at 30, 40 and 45 in the diet of broilers,
cockerels and layers respectively without
negative effects on performance, carcass
yield, egg quality and blood chemistry.
Four experiments were carried out each in
a five-week feeding trial to determine the
effect of feeding varying levels of the
meals of roasted pigeon pea (PPM),
bambara groundnut (BGM), locust bean
(LBM) and sunflower (SFM) on the
performance, nutrient digestibility and
carcass characteristics of rabbits. In each
of the experiments, each unconventional
protein source was incorporated into the
diets at 0, 10, 20, and 30% levels in a
completely randomized design. Forty
Further
research
should be geared
towards
evaluating
the
effect
of
processing methods
other than roasting on
the
nutritional
qualities of pigeon
pea,
bambara
groundnut,
locust
bean and sunflower
seed.
Further
male and female rabbits were assigned to
each of the four diets in five replications.
In the first experiment, Dutch x Chinchilla
rabbits were fed PPM based diets. The
daily feed intake (DFI) ranged from 42.26
to 57.60g; daily weight gain (DWG),
12.27 - 15.70g; feed conversion ratio
(FCR), 3.41 to 4.67 and final live weight
(FLW), 1284.00 - 1434.75g. None of
these parameters were significantly
affected by dietary treatments. Carcass
weights were in the range of 609.00 727.25g and dressing percentages 47.50 50.95. Organ weights expressed as
percentages of live weights all exhibited
non significant differences among
treatments. Intakes of dry matter (DM),
organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP),
acid detergent fibre (ADF), and neutral
detergent fibre (NDF) as well as nutrient
digestibilities (DMD, OMD, CPD, ADFD
and NDFD) were all not significantly
influenced by dietary treatments. In the
second experiment, New Zealand White x
California rabbits were fed BGM based
diets. There were no significant difference
in the DFI (45.44 - 52.47g), DWG (11.04
- 13.18g), FCR (3.44 - 4.14), FLW
(1103.00 - 1335.00g), carcass weight
(548.50 - 688.50g), dressing percentage
(49.14 - 51.42%) and relative organ
weights. Nutrient intakes (DMI, OMI,
CPI, ADFI and NDFI) and the nutrient
experiments should
be carried to evaluate
the
nutritional
potentials of other
unconventional
tropical plant protein
sources for rabbit
feeding.
digestibilities (DMD, OMD, CPD, ADFD
and NDFD) were not significantly
affected by dietary treatments. In the third
experiment, Dutch x Chinchilla rabbits
were fed LBM based diets. The results
obtained, 61.20 - 70.00g for DFI; 13.16 17.14g for DWG; 3.69 - 4.94 for FCR and
1531.20 1675.00g for FLW all showed no
significant dietary effect. Rabbits on 0,
10,20 and 30% dietary levels of LBM,
yielded 793.75, 775.00, 681.25 and
693.75g carcass weights and dressing
percentage values of 47.62, 46.66, 46.02
and 45.33% respectively, which were not
significantly different from one another.
Relative organ weights were also not
significantly
affected
by
dietary
treatments. The intakes and digestibilities
of DM, OM, CP, ADF, and NDF all
exhibited non-significant differences
among dietary treatments. In the fourth
experiment, New Zealand White x
California rabbits were fed SFM based
diets. There was significant (P<0.00l)
reduction in DFI of rabbits on 30% SFM
based diet. The DFI of56.81g was
obtained for rabbits fed 30 SFM based
diet against 65.73, 67.17 and 71.98g for
those fed 0, 10 and 20% dietary levels of
SFM, respectively. The DWG (15.65 18.09g), FCR (3.72 - 4.28), FLW
(1512.50 - 1662.50g), carcass weight
(712.50 - 837.50g), relative organ weights
19.
Muhammad
Set’le
Ahmad PGS/20022003/1020
131
Utilisation
of June,
Cassava Root and 2009
Sweet Potato Meals
As Energy Sources
in the Diets of
Broiler Chickens
and dressing percentage (46.92 - 50.34%)
were not significantly influenced by
dietary treatments. The DMI, OMI, ADFI
increased with increasing dietary levels of
SFM up to 20, but there was a significant
(P<O.Ol) reduction in the intake of these
nutrients at 30 dietary level of SFM. The
CPI and NDFI also followed the same
trend but with a higher level of
significance (P<O.OO 1). There were
significant
differences
in
the
digestibilities of some nutrients (DMD,
P<O.OOl; OMD, P<O.OOl; and NDFD,
P<O.Ol). However, CPD and _-\DFD
were not significantly affected by dietary
treatments. The studies showed that PPM,
3GM, LBM and SFM could be
incorporated in rabbit diets up to 30%
level of inclusion without adversely
affecting performance and carcass
characteristics.
Four different experiments to investigate
the performance, carcass yield, relative
organ weights and gut characteristics of
broiler chickens fed varying levels (0, 20,
40,60 and 80% ) of fermented cassava
root meal and full fat soya beans
(Experiment 1), fermented cassava root
meal and local groundnut cake
(Experiment 2), partially cooked sweet
potato meal and full fat soya beans
(Experiment 3) and sundried sweet potato
meal and full fat soya beans (Experiment
Further
research
involving cassava and
sweet potato should
explore
the
possibility of higher
levels of dietary
inclusions.
4) as partial replacement for maize were
conducted. Two hundred broiler chicks
were used in each experiment, in a
completely randomised design such that
each treatment had 40 chicks with four
replicates of 10 chicks each. The results
showed that, in experiment 1, feed
conversion ratio, carcass and organ
weights and the weight of the small
intestine were significantly (P<0.05)
increased. In experiment 2, daily weight
gain (P<O.O1), daily feed intake
(P<0.05), live weight (P<O.O1), carcass
weights (P<0.05), the weight (P<0.05) and
length (P<O.O 1) of the small intestine
were decreased by dietary treatments. In
experiment 3, daily weight gain (P<O.O1)
was depressed, feed conversion ratio
(P<0.05) increased in the starter. Daily
feed intake (P<0.05) decreased in the
finisher at up to 60% level and daily feed
intake
(P<O.Ol)
in
the
overall
performance also decreased. Dressing
percentage (P<O.01) and abdominal fat
(P<O.05) decreased while gizzard
(P<0.05) and liver (P<O.Ol) increased,
pancreas (P<O.O1) and large intestine
weight (P<0.05) decreased but increased
at 80% level. In experiment 4, feed
conversion
ratio
increased
while
abdominal fat was depressed significantly
(P<0.05). It was concluded that fermented
cassava root and sun dried sweet potato
meals could replace maize up to 80%
and partially cooked sweet potato up to
20% in diets for broiler chickens without
any adverse effect on growth and carcass
yield.
20.
Addass, Philip Ajidathi
PGS/0506/102022
4
The
Effects
of Dec.,
Genotype
and 2009
Season on Blood
Chemistry, Parasitic
Load, Gonadal and
Extra-Gonadal
Sperm Reserves of
Some
Indigenous
Bull Cattle Breeds in
Mubi
Twenty four (24) months (September, 2005 August, 2007) were used for this study. Four
(4) common breeds of bull cattle: Rahaji (Rl),
Bunaji (Bl), Adamawa Gudali AG) and
Sokoto Gudali (SG) were randomly selected
as they were coming into the abattoir of
different background for slaughter. Previous
sexual activities of the bulls were not
monitored. The study was conducted to assess
the effect of breed and season on blood
ministry, parasitic load, gonadal and extragonadal sperm reserves. Testicular and
epididymal
measurements
and
their
corresponding sperm reserves were taken.
Within breed interaction effects were also
considered. Significant (P<O.OOl) breed
variability were observed on all the paired
testes parameters with RJ bulls having the
highest followed by BJ, SG and AG. Whole
testes weight (WTW) values were:
486.46±10.29g, 464.94±9.51g, 338.86±9.92g,
and 296.88±9.78g respectively, corresponding
Whole testes volume (WTV) values were
491.45±10.30cm3,
457.23±9.52cm3,
3
359.48±9.93cm , and 295.12±9.78cm3, for r
aired testes weight (PTW) values were
464.99±8.81g, 431.14±8.15g, 325.08±8.50g,
and ~ -O.40±8.38g; respective paired testes
volume (PTV) values were 456.67±9.28cm3,
.: 22.77±8.94cm3 and 268.23±8.82cm3.
Corresponding paired testes sperm reserve
(PTSR) . values were 149.91±2.68 x 109,
134.69±2.48 x 109, 118.34±2.59 x 109 and
116.82±2.55 x :)9, paired epididymal sperm
reserve (PESR) values were 301.15±4.67109,
7.72±4.32xl09,
238.70±4.50xl09
and
232.28±4.44xl09. Significant (P<0.05) season
difference on sperm production was observed
with the early dry (ED) favouring sperm
production best. Significant age group
differences on sperm reserve counts were
observed with age group >4 years with the
highest value. Generally, RJ bulls had the
highest values most of the reproductive
parameters studied followed by BJ, SG while
AG was least, thus having the best potential
for artificial insemination over the other
breeds in the area of study,
21.
Yakubu Bobboi
PGS/0405/102022
4
Nutritive Evaluation July,
of High Tannin 2010
Sorghum Cultivars
in
Poultry
Production
Four experiments were conducted to
evaluate the nutritive value of high tannin
sorghum cultivars on growth performance,
carcass yield and internal organs weight,
economy of production, haematological
and biochemical indices of broiler and
cockerel chickens. In experiment 1, five
diets were formulated using high tannin
sorghum cultivars; Masakwa, Shakalari,
Njigari and Mboderi pelepele and maize
as control. Two hundred (Anak 2000) dayold broiler chicks were weighed and
assigned to five groups of forty chicks
each. Each group was further divided into
four groups often birds per replicate in a
completely randomizes design. All the
growth parameters were significantly
(P<O.OOl) influenced by the treatment
diets. Similarly, the carcass and internal
organs characteristics were also affected
by the test diet except for the caecum,
heart, gizzard and abdominal fat which
were similar across the treatments.
Haematological
parameters
showed
significant (P<O.001) differences among
the treatments, while serum biochemical
indices were not affected by the treatment
diets
except
for
the
albumin
concentration. In experiment 2, diets were
formulated from Masakwa sorghum
cultivar that was either soaked in water
(SON), cooked (CK), partially germinated
(PG) or dehulled (DH) with maize based
diet as the control. Two hundred (Anak
2000) day-old broiler chicks were
weighed and assigned to five groups of
forty birds each. Each group was further
divided into four groups of ten birds per
replicate in a completely randomizes
design. Results showed that PO was
significantly (P<O.OOl) higher in feed
intake, average daily weight gain
(ADWO), and superior in feed conversion
ratio (FCR) among the processing
treatments. All the internal organs
characteristics were influenced by the
treatment diets except for the caeca which
were similar across the treatments.
Similarly, haematological characteristics
were significantly (P<O.OO 1) affected
by the processing methods, while the
biochemical indices were similar. In
experiment 3, PG Masakwa (MSK)
sorghum was used to replace maize in
broilers diets at 0.25,50, 75 and 100. Two
hundred (Anak 2000) day-old broiler
chicks were weighed and assigned to five
groups of forty birds each. Each group
was further divided into four groups of ten
birds per replicate in a completely
randomizes design. Results showed that
feed intake was not affected by the
replacement levels while ADWG and
FCR were significantly (P<O.OOI)
influenced by the replacement levels.
Similarly, carcass yield and internal
organs characteristics were also affected
by the replacement levels except for
gizzards and lungs. Feed cost tended to
reduce at increasing levels of PG MSK.
Results
of
haematology
showed
significant differences between treatments
except for RBC which were similar across
the
treatments.
Parameters
for
biochemical indices were also similar
across the treatments except for protein
and
cholesterol
concentration.
In
experiment 4, PG Masakwa (MSK)
sorghum was used to replace maize in
cockerels' diet at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100.
Two hundred Black Hacco cockerel dayold chicks were weighed and assigned to
five groups of forty birds each. Each
group was further divided into four groups
22.
Yisa, Amos Gana
PGS/0102/102012
0
Utilization
of Dec.,
Differently
2010
Processed Piegeon
Pea Seed Meal by
Broilers
and
Cockerels
of ten birds per replicate in a completely
randomizes design. Result of feed intake
showed no significant differences, while
ADWG and FCR were affected (P<0.001)
by the replacement levels. All the
parameters measured for carcass and
internal organs characteristics were
significantly (P<0.001) affected by
replacement levels. The economy of
production was also influenced by the
replacement levels. The result of
haematological and biochemical indices
were also influenced by the replacement
levels, except for RBC that were similar
across the treatments. It was concluded
that PG of MSK could be used to reduce
the tannin contents of high tannin
sorghum cultivars and can economically
replace up to 75% maize in the diets of
poultry without affecting performance.
Four (4) experiments were conducted to
assess the utilization of differently
processed pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.)
Millsp) seed meal diets by broilers and
cockerels. In experiment I, the effect of
different methods of processing pigeon
pea seed on performance of broilers was
investigated. Boiling proved to be most
effective in reducing the levels of cyanide,
oxalate, phytic acid, tannins, trypsin
inhibitor and haemagglutinin by 76.47%,
91.42%, 6.07%, 99.06%, 79.36% and
61.93% respectively compared to roasting
and extrusion. Results showed no adverse
effect of processing on nutrient
composition and amino acid profile of the
seed. In a completely randomized design,
five diets containing 0% (control) and
30% each of raw (RPP), roasted (ROPP),
boiled and dried (BDPP) and extruded
(EPP) pigeon pea were fed to two hundred
7 - day old broilers for 8 weeks. The birds
were divided into five groups (treatments)
of forty birds. Each group was further
divided into four replicates of ten birds
each. Growth performance, blood
parameters and carcass components were
not affected (P>0.05) by the different
processing methods. Experiments 2, 3,
and 4 evaluated the utilization of graded
levels (0, 10, 20, 30 & 40%) of boiled and
dried pigeon pea seed meal by broilers,
cockerels and broilers respectively. All
experiments were similar in number of
birds, experimental design, number of
treatments and replicates. In experiment 2,
feed intake, feed conversion ratio and feed
cost per kilogram gain increased with
increasing levels of dietary pigeon pea.
Growth performance of the birds fed diets
containing
20
pigeon
pea
was
significantly (P<O.O 1) poorer than the
other treatments. Haematological indices
were better in diets containing pigeon pea
than the control. Serum variables, carcass
yield and carcass components were also
23.
Mohammed, Sir Saleh
PGS/0001/102042
Effects Of Season, Nov.,
Diet and Storage 2010
Conditions
on
Seman
Characteristics and
Fertility of Turkeys
in Bauchi, Nigeria
not affected by levels of pigeon pea
inclusion. In experiment 3, daily feed
intake, feed conversion ratio and feed cost
per kilogram gain increased (P<O.O I)
with increasing levels of pigeon pea
inclusion. Daily weight gains were not
affected by dietary pigeon pea levels.
Haematological
and
blood
serum
variables and carcass components were
also not affected by levels of pigeon pea
inclusion in the diets. Dressing
percentages however, decreased (P<0.05)
with increasing levels of dietary pigeon
pea. Experiment 4, had the same results
with experiment 3 in all parameters save
for dressing percentage. These results
suggest that pigeon pea can be included in
broiler and cockerel diets up to 20%
without
any
adverse
effect
on
performance indices and cost of
production. Boiling of the seed especially
in the dry season is recommended as it
proved to be the most effective method in
reducing the levels of anti-nutritional
factors in the seed.
Experiments were conducted at the
research farm of Abubakar Tafawa
Balewa University, Bauchi to investigate
the effect of year, season, diet, diluents,
storage time and semen dose on semen
characteristics and fertility following
Artificial Insemination (AI) in indigenous
strains of turkey over a period of 24
Further
studies
should be carried out
to investigate rate of
deterioration between
storage period of 6
and 24hrs in order to
determine the exact
hours that semen
months (Jan 2005 - Dec. 2006). Jan - Mar, quality
April - June, July - Sept, Oct - Dec; most.
2599MElKcaI/14%CP;2555MElKcaIl18
%CP,2511ME/Kcal/22CP,2466ME/KcaI/
26%CP; Skimmed Milk + Glucose
(SM+G), Cornell University Extender
(CUE), Glucose Citrate Buffer (GCB),
Skimmed Milk (SM) being season, Diet,
Diluent I, II, III and IV respectively used.
Storage time of 3, 6, 24 hrs and
insemination dose of 0.10, 0.15, 0.20ml
respectively were also used. Data obtained
were analyzed using simple percentages
and analysis of variance. The results show
that semen colour and motility were
higher and significant (P<0.001) in favour
of year I while volume, concentration and
percentage dead were in favour of year II.
No significant difference was observed
between year in live-weight, percentage
live, percentage normal and abnormal.
Highly significant (P<0.001) seasonal
difference was observed in live-weight in
all the parameters considered. High liveweight, concentration and motility (season
IV); volume, colour and percentage live
(season III); percentage dead and
abnormal (season II); percentage live and
normal (season I) were obtained.
Similarly live-weight, semen volume,
colour and motility were significantly
(P<0.001) affected by the dietary
treatments. Diet III gave the best live-
is
affected
weight and only after 24hrs storage best
percentage live. Diet II gave the best
semen volume, colour and motility.
However,
semen
concentration,
percentage live and dead, percentages
normal, abnormal and after storage
(motility,
percentage
normal
and
abnormal) were not significantly affected
by dietary treatments.
Significant
(P<O.OO1) differences in effect of
diluents were observed, only in motility
after 6hrs with best obtained in GCB;
however after 24hrs all the parameters
considered were in favour of CUE
followed by GCB, SM+G and SM
respectively. Semen quality deteriorated
with increase in storage period. The AI
trial showed significantly (P<O.OOI)
higher
fertility
of
73.04±14.66,
76.65±15.23 and 78.65±9.54 in season II,
diet II and 0.20ml dose and hatchability of
77.01±11.94, 71.43± 17 .50 in season I
and diet III. The male turkey maintained
significantly (P<0.001) superior liveweight and body parts measurements
throughout the growth period. The study
revealed the best season, diet, storage
period and semen doses which could offer
flexibility required by breeders during AI,
thereby leading to an increase in
reproductive efficiency of indigenous
strains of turkey in Bauchi.
Duwa, Haruna
PGS/0102/102010
3
Nutritional
Dec.,
Evaluation
of 2010
Processed
Sorrel
Seed
Meal
In
Poultry Diets
Experiments were conducted to evaluate
the utilization of sorrel seed meal by
broilers and cockerels. In experiment 1,
three methods of processing of sorrel
seeds namely: raw, roasting, boiling and
soaking in water were evaluated. The
parameters studied include performance,
cost effectiveness, carcass characteristics,
blood biochemistry and haematology. In
experiment 1, one hundred and sixty (160)
7 days-old Anak 2000 broiler chicks were
weighed and randomly allotted to four
dietary treatments. Each treatment
consisted of forty birds with ten birds in
four replicates in a completely
randomized design and the experiment
lasted for eight weeks. The result
indicated that boiled sorrel based diet
gave the best (P<0.05) performance at
starter and finisher phases as well as in
overall performance with cheaper feed
cost per kg gain than the raw, roasted and
soaked sorrel based diets. The carcass
characteristics and blood chemistry
parameters measured were significantly
(P<0.05) higher in birds fed on boiled
sorrel seed diets. The blood parameters
followed the same trend. It was concluded
that boiling was the best processing
method of sorrel seeds. In experiment 2,
two hundred (200) 7 days-old Anak 2000
broiler chicks were distributed into five
treatments with ten birds in four replicates
in a completely randomized design and
the experiment lasted for eight weeks. The
result showed that birds fed 45% boiled
sorrel seed meal as a replacement for fullfat soybean had the highest weight gain at
the starter phase, however, at the finisher
as well as the overall phases, optimum
performance was obtained in birds fed
60% replacement level of boiled sorrel
seed meal based diet. Similarly, carcass
characteristics and blood parameters were
significantly (P<0.05) higher in birds fed
replacement level of boiled sorrel seed
meal. Furthermore sorrel seed meal at 60
level replacement was recommended for
broiler production with no adverse effect
on
performance
and
carcass
characteristics but with concomitant
reduction in feed cost N/kg and cheaper
feed cost per kg gain than the control. In
experiment 3, two hundred (200) 7 daysold Isa brown x Goldline cockerel chicks
were randomly allotted to five dietary
replacement levels of boiled sorrel seed
meal for groundnut cake in a completely
randomized design with ten birds per
replicate. Each treatment consisted of
forty birds with four replicates and the
experiment lasted for 14 weeks. The result
showed that birds fed 60% boiled sorrel
seed meal as a replacement for ground nut
cake had the highest weight gain, feed
intake and feed conversion ratio in the
three phases of the study. Similarly,
carcass characteristics and some blood
parameters were significantly (P<0.05)
different in birds fed 45% and 60% boiled
sorrel seed meal as a replacement for
groundnut cake. It was concluded that
sorrel seed meal can replace 60 of the
groundnut cake in the diet of cockerels
with no adverse effect on performance,
carcass
characteristics
and
blood
parameters with reduction in feed cost
N/kg and cheaper feed cost per kg gain
than the control. In experiment 4, two
hundred 7 days-old Isa brown x Goldline
cockerel chicks were distributed into five
treatments with ten birds in four replicates
in a completely randomized design, the
experiment lasted for 14 weeks. The result
showed that the birds fed 15% and 20%
boiled sorrel seed meal inclusion levels
had the highest weight gain in the three
phases of the study. The carcass
characteristics and blood parameters
followed the same trend. It was concluded
that boiled sorrel seed meal can be
included at up to 20% level in the diet of
cockerels without compromising the
biological
performance
or
health
condition
of the chickens
with
concomitant reduction in feed cost N/kg
and cheaper feed cost per kg gain than the
control.
Tizhe Malachi Albert
PGS/0506/102022
5
Year and Seasonal Sept.,
Variations in Faecal 2011
Egg Worm Count,
HaematoBiochemical
and
Some Reproductive
Parameters of Sahel
and Sokoto Red
Goats in Mubi
A two years study (January, 200S December, 2009) was conducted at Mubi
main abattoir on Sahel and Sokoto Red
goats to assess the effects of breed, year,
season, and age on some of their
reproductive, fecal egg worm count and
Haemato-biochemical
parameters.
Significant (P<0.001) seasonal effect with
highest
PWTWT
(S7.64±0.33gm),
PWTVL
(S7.02±0.3Scm\
PPWT
(S.23±0.lSgm), PPVL (4.SS±0.04cm3),
NPTWT
(6S.S1±0.29gm),
NPTLG
(l4.71±0.24cm)
and
NPTVL
(67.99±0.29cm\
(RTSR)
142:SS±1.9Sxl09,
(LTSR)
116.12±2.10xl09
and
(PTSR)
2SS.94±3.99xl09 were observed during
the early dry season. Significant
(P<O.OOl) breed effect with the highest
(PWTWT) 93.S0±0.24gm, (PWTLG)
19.34±0.04cm,
(PWTVL)
92.6S±0.2Scm3, (PPWT) 4.SS±0.IOgm,
(PPVL)
4.40±0.03cm3,
(NPTWT)
73.S7±0.20gm, (NPTLG) 16.71±0.17cm,
(NPTVL)
73.2S±0.21cm3,
(RTSR)
13S.43±1.3SxI09,
(LTSR)
116.11±1.4Sxl09
and
(PTSR)
2SL46±2.S2xl09,
then
PCAPSR
(2S.S9±0.29xlO\ PCOPSR (l0.77±0.30x 1
09), PCAUSR (76.S9±0.S7xl09) and
TEPSR (l12.9S±0.S4xI09) were recorded
in the Sahel bucks. Significant (P<O.OOl)
age effect was observed, as age group > 3
years recorded the highest PWTW
(90.92±0.24gm),
PWTLG(lS.SS±0.04cm),
PWTVL
(90.6S±0.2Scm3), PPWT (S.70±0.10gm),
PPVL
(S.12±0.03cm\
NPTWT
(70.43±0.21gm),
NPTLG
(1S.S3±0.17cm), NPTVL
(69.S0±0.21cm\ (RTSR)
136.86±1.96xl09, (LTSR) 116.76±1.96
2S4.1S±1.96xl09 PCAPSR
(24.S2±0.36xI09), PCOPSR (10.89±0.3
(74.70±l.S2xl09)
and
TEPSR
(l12.44±1.43xl09) in that order. Oviduct
and Ovarian weights for right 3.6S±0.09g
and left 3.39±0.02g were highest during
early and late dry seasons and
(2.l4±0.20gm VS l.S±0.09gm) during late
dry and early wet seasons. Ovarian
lengths; right and left (1.62±0.01cm VS
l.S2±0.01cm) were highest during the
early dry season, while highest right
(l.S3±023cm) and left (1.34±0.37cm)
ovarian widths were recorded in the late
and early wet seasons among does that
had SCS3 (2.67±0.30cm) and SCSI
(1.01±0.67cm) respectively. RNMAFOL
(1.l7±0.OS) and LNMAFOL (1.03±0.OS)
were highest among does with BCS5
(1.27±0.07) and (0.42±0.04) during late
and early dry seasons. Significantly
(P<0.001) positive (r = 0.073-0.752) was
recorded between L WT, AGE, BCS, SC
and all the blood profiles. It is concluded
that the two breeds are not seasonal
breeders; hence farmers could obtained
24.
Kalla Demo Joab Usman
PGS/1900/102040
Studies
on Aug.,
Reproductive
2012
Performance of One
Humped
Camels
(camelus
dromedarius) in the
Semi Arid Zone of
Nigeria.
semen all year round from superior sires
for use on the dams to improve the breeds
in a planned breeding programmes at a
cheaper rate.
Studies were conducted using abattoir
specimens from Kano, Azare and Bauchi
abattoirs and from field studies in
Komodugu- Yobe and Hadeja- Jama'are
river basins to evaluate reproductive
performance of camels between 2004 to
2009. There was a clear peak (P<0.001) of
reproductive activity in the months of
November to February based on
estimation of conception from foetal age
and calving distribution. Ovarian activity
was significantly (P<0.05) higher during
the peak (86.76%) than the low breeding
season (45.83%) March to October. In
male camels similar breeding season was
established by increased secretary activity
of the poll gland (gross and
histological).Stage of lactation / and parity
had significant effect (P<0.01) of daily
milk yield, composition of fat, protein and
dry matter. Gastrointestinal helminth
(78.5%), mastitis (37.1% ), tick (24.1% )
trypanosomosis (25.4%) gross genital
tract abnormalities (21%), and mange
(I5.7%) and brucellosis (6.2%) were the
most prevalent diseases and parasites
limiting camel productivity in the study
area. The prevalence of mastitis
significantly
(P <O.O5) differed with
Further work should
be carried out to
establish the mode of
action
of
pythoestrogens
in
Leptadenia hastate
and
leptadenia
pyrotechnica
and
camel production.
presence or absence of ticks on the udder,
parity, stage of lactation and previous
record of mastitis. The type of
microorganisms isolated from mastitic
camel milk samples were Staphylococcus
spp (28.5%), Streptococcus spp (18%),
Klebsiella spp (14.3%), Candida spp
(10.2% ) and a mix culture of
Staphylococcus spp and Streptococclis
spp (10.2%). Contlox® was the most
effective antibiotic on these isolates.
Camel feed resources evaluated differed
significantly (P<O.OO1) in nutrient
composition and dry matter degradability.
Phytochemical screening of Leptadenia
hastate and Leptadenia pyrotechnica
known to cause abortion in camels reveal
the presence of endocrine disrupting
compounds (estrogens and flavones). Nalkane and long chain alcohol diet
composition signatures for Leptadenia
hastate and Leptadenia pyrotechnica were
established. The study reveals that camels
occupies an important niche in promoting
food security in the study area, however
efforts must be made to reduce the high
prevalence rate of endemic diseases.