Authors
(credentials)
Citation
(MLA)
1 Attitudes and
Stereotypes of Male
and Female Nurses:
The Influence of
Social Roles and
Ambivalent Sexism
Clow, Kimberley et al.
“Attitudes And
Stereotypes Of Male
And Female Nurses:
The Influence Of
Social Roles And
Ambivalent Sexism.”
-Kimberley Clow,
Canadian Journal of
Rosemary Ricciardelli, Behavioral Science.
and Wally J. Bartfey,
(2013): 1-10. Scholar
all doctors
Google. Web. 10 Jun
2014.
Main Points
(Intersections in the
Discourse)
-Male nurses are
thought of to be
worse nurses than
women
-Male nurses have
social isolation,
sexism, and media
portrayals of nurses
to deal with
-Men are perceived
to be unable to care
for themselves
-Gender inequality
and stereotypes in
nursing
Quotations
“Greater diversity in the
nursing field would promote a
culture of inclusion and an
acknowledgment of different
approaches and perspectives that could benefit nurses
as well as patients” (Clow et
al. 1).
Supporting Details
Keywords
-Conducted studies,
included in article
-Many other
references from
other studies
-Male nurses
-Sexism towards
males in nursing
negative
-Social rule theory
-Includes surveys
-Famous/known
people as examples
-FMLA
-Ageism
-Women decreasing
in age
-Childbearing aspect
for women
“The current association
between women and nursing is
so strong that many people
seem to find it difficult to
reconcile men in the role of
nurse” (Yang et al., 2004).
“The problem is that the
gendered division of labor
may have led to the
development of stereotypes
that suggest that something
about being a woman is
necessary for being a nurse”
(Clow et al. 2).
“The history of nursing
suggests that if the distribution
of men and women in nursing
changes, then stereotypes of
nursing will evolve as well”
(Clow et al. 3).
“Social role theory would
suggest that increasing the
quantity of men in the nursing
profession should change
stereotypes of what people
perceive as necessary for
successful nursing” (Clow et
al. 3).
2 Ageism and Sexism
in the Workplace
-Rosalind Chait
Barnett Ph. D of
women’s studies at
Barnett, Rosalind.
“Ageism And Sexism
In The Workplace.”
Generations. Fall
(2005): 25-30.
-Aging is a sign of
decline for women
while aging for men it
is a sign of wisdom
and growth
“In general, it is fair to say
that as a result ageism and
sexism, women as a group
are in double jeopardy as
they grow older” (Barnett
25).
“In contrast, as women age,
Brandeis University
Scholar Google. Web.
10 Jun 2014.
3 Ageism in the
Workplace
-Helen Dennis,
specialist on aging
and Kathryn Thomas,
doctoral student
Dennis, Helen and
Kathryn Thomas.
“Ageism In The
Workplace.”
Generations. Spring
(2007): 84-89.
Scholar Google. Web.
15 Jun 2014.
4 Angel,
handmaiden,
battleaxe or whore?
A study which
examines changes in
newly recruited
student nurses’
attitudes to gender
and nursing
stereotypes.
Jinks, Annette and
Eleanor Bradley.
“Angel, Handmaiden,
Battleaxe Or Whore?
A Study Which
Examines Changes In
Newly Recruited
Student Nurses’
Attitudes To Gender
And Nursing
Stereotypes. ” Centre
for Health Policy and
Practice, School of
Health, Staffordshire
University. (2003):
121-127. Scholar
Google. Web. 16 Jun
2014.
-Annette Jinks and
Eleanor Bradley
-Leaves for work for
women are more
dangerous than men
taking leaves from
work
-Childbearing for
women
-Female work world
while there is a male
work world
-Ageism is swayed by
media
-Four types of ageism
-A lot of programs
geared towards
eliminating ageism in
the workplaces
those who have been
successful in such
predominantly female
professions as teaching are
often seen as oldfashioned and behind the
times” (Barnett 26).
“As defined by
Robert Butler in 1968,
ageism is the "systematic
stereotyping of and discrimination against older
people because they are
old, just as racism and
sexism accomplished this
with skin color and
gender’" (Butler, 1975).
-Employment Act
-Anti- Ageism
Taskforce
-Many programs and
their descriptions
-Ageism
-Programs to help
with ageism in the
workplace
-Nurses attitudes to
gender and other
nursing stereotypes
-Great insights on
many different
stereotypes in
nursing
-Even includes the
outfits as sex symbols
and how the world
perceives nurses
Of relevance also are
nurses’ uniforms and
how in the past they
perpetuated the female
aspects of the role,
rather than taking
cognition of the practical
aspects of nurses’ work”
Jinks, Bradley 122).
-Graphs included in
the article
-A study is included
-Nurses attitudes
-Thoughts between
males and females
-Nurse images
“In terms of nursing as a
profession, 70% of the
student nurses in 1992
agreed that nursing was
female dominated
compared to 51% of
students in
2002” (Jinks, Bradley
123).
“Subjects such as
-Work worlds are
totally different
between genders
-Caregiver women
nursing history and the
effects of gender stereotyping and gender
discrimination would
seem to still have a
place in pre-registration
nursing curriculum”
(Jinks, Bradley 126).
5 “Men in Nursing:
Barriers to
Recruitment”
-Robert J. Meadus
6 “Myths and
Realities of Ageism
and Nursing”
-Susan Letvak
7 “Hidden
Advantages for Men
in Nursing”
-Christine L. Williams
Meadus, Robert.
“Men In Nursing:
Barriers To
Recruitment.” Centre
for Nursing Studies.
Nursing Forum.
Volume 35 No. 3.
(2000): 5-12. Scholar
Google. Web. 16 Jun
2014.
-Information about
men in nursing and
how to break through
the diversity barrier
-Women have been
moving into male
professions but not
the other way around
-Men go towards
colleges with more
men faculty
“Although the
Letvak, Susan. “Myths
and Realities of
Ageism and Nursing.”
Elsevier. Journal 75.
Issue 6. (2002): 1-8.
Scholar Google. 16
Jun 2014.
-Give background to
ageism and the
definition of ageism
in nursing
“One researcher
compares ageism to
racism and sexism and
states that ageism is a
form of oppression
that not only limits
people who are objects
of that oppression, but
also influences all
people, regardless of
age, who have ageist
attitudes” (Levak 1).
Williams, Christine.
“Hidden Advantages
For Men In Nursing.”
Nursing
Administration
-Advantages to men
in the nursing career
-Very little amount of
men in the career
progression of men into
nursing has increased
over the past decade,
men still constitute a
small minority of the
nursing population in
Canada and the
United States” (Meadus
5).
-Date and statistics
from each year
-Men in nursing
-Men thoughts
-Men college
-Historical context of
males
-Provides numbers in
ageism and nursing
-Statistics
-Ageism
-Background of
ageism
-Expert testimony
and quotes included
in her writing
-Men in nursing
“Nursing remains one of
the most femaledominated occupation”
(Meadus 5).
University of Texas
8 Gender, gender
roles and completion
of nursing education:
A longitudinal study
- Katrina McLaughlin,
Orla T. Muldoon,
Marianne Moutray
Quarterly. 19. 2.
(1995): 63-70.
Scholar Google. 17
Jun 2014.
McLaughlin, Katrina
et al. “Gender, Gender
Roles And
Completion Of
Nursing Education: A
Longitudinal Study.”
Nurse Education
Today. 30. (2010):
303-307. Scholar
Google. 17 Jun 2014.
-Women and men
compared in the
nursing school
program and how
they compete
“The results of the
-Long study
study show that
performed in the
males were more
writing
likely to leave the
course than females.
A review of the
available literature
would indicate that
the high male
attrition rate is not
that surprising”
(McLaughlin et al.
306).
-Nursing school and
Careers
-Gender
-Sexism
Alt.
Research Question: What are the stereotypes within the nursing careers and how can this change in the future?
Thesis: Current research on stereotyping in nursing indicates that they form from nurses seeming feminine rather than masculine (sexism),
and older nurses are stuck in their ways and younger nurses are quicker (ageism). Though previous research has suggested that this is just
how nursing will be, always stereotypical, new research shows that we can overcome this barrier by the social rule theory, age diversity in
the Employment Act, and bringing diversity into the nursing program.