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RANCHO VERDE HIGH SCHOOL
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
TISSUES
Name: _________________________________ Period: ___________
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TISSUES
Compilation of Work
Assignments
Completion Stamp
Possible Points
Points Earned
A. Epithelial Tissues
50
B. Connective Tissues
50
C. Muscles and Nervous Tissue
50
D. Notes: Tissues
50
E. Concept mapping
50
F. Application Question
50
TOTAL
A = 270 - 300
B = 240 - 269
C = 210 - 239
D = 180 - 209
F = 0 - 179
300
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Types of Tissues
Introduction
Histology is the study of different types of tissues. In the medical field, cells and tissues from organs throughout the body can
be collected through a biopsy and prepared for microscopic observation. Abnormal cells can tissues can then be compared to
normal tissues to identify diseases, such as cancer.
Tissue Types
There are many different types of tissues in the human body, and they are separated into four major categories:
a. Epithelial Tissue – for cover and support
b. Connective Tissue – for support
c. Muscle Tissue – movement and contraction
d. Nervous Tissue – for signaling and communication
Background Information
A.
Epithelial Tissue
Epithelial tissue can be found lining nearly every cavity and surface of the human body. Epithelium can also form pockets and
function as glands. Cells in epithelial tissue pack tightly together to form a protective layer around organs. Many epithelial cells
also produce fluids necessary for lubricating tissues and organs within the body. Epithelium tissue rests on a layer thin,
nonliving layer called a basement membrane which is part of the extracellular matrix. The basement membrane is important as
many epithelial tissues are avascular, meaning there are no blood vessels that directly nourish the cells in epithelium tissue.
Instead these cells get what they need through diffusion of nutrients through the basement membrane.
Epithelial tissues function to:
1. Protect the tissues they cover
2. Regulate gas and nutrient exchange between the organs they cover and body cavities
3. Secrete substances such as sweat, hormones, mucus, and enzymes
4. Provide sensation with the environment
Use your textbook to draw and label an example of each type of tissue. Take note of the patterns. Start by looking at the
individual patterns in how the cells are arranged.
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TYPE OF TISSUE
MAJOR TISSUE
LOCATION
Illustration
Description/Function
Simple Squamous (p 93 A and C)
Side view
Surface View
lines air sacs of the lungs
and lines body cavities
Simple Cuboidal (p 94 A-top)
lines ovaries, kidney
tubules, and glands
Simple Columnar (P 94 A-bottom)
Air passages (trachea),
goblet cells
EPITHELIAL
Stratified Squamous (p 96 – A top)
Outer layer of skin, mouth
Stratified Cuboidal ( p 96A-bottom)
Secretion, absorption,
ducts of glands
Transitional Epithelium (p 97 A-bottom)
Stretchable tissue, urinary
bladder
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Identifying Epithelial Tissues
Use what you have learned in Part A to identify the following epithelial tissues. Is the tissue simple, stratified, or stratified? Is the tissue squamous,
cuboidal, or columnar? Write your answers on the line in each box.
1. __________________________
4. __________________________
7. ______________________
2. ________________________
3. ___________________________
8. __________________________
4. _________________________
5. ___________________________
10. ___________________________
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Background Information
B.
Connective Tissue
Connective tissue is the most abundant tissue type in the body. It is not as dense as epithelial tissue, and is made up of
cells, fibers, and extracellular components embedded in fluid. This structure allows connective tissue to provide ample support,
while also staying pliable. Cells called fibroblasts are responsible for producing connective tissues. Fibroblasts produce three
types of connective tissues: collagenous fibers, elastic fibers, and reticular fibers. Collagenous and elastic fibers are the most
abundant of the three.
Collagen – extremely strong fibers that provide support like ligaments and tendons
Elastic – fibers that are able to stretch and return to their original shape, much like a rubber band
Reticular fibers – fine networking fibers
Blood, bone, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, adipose (fat), and lymph are all examples of connective tissue. Connective
tissue functions to protect, store energy, support, transport, insulate, and connect all body tissues. These tissues can be highly
vascular (with blood vessels), but can also be avascular (lack blood vessels), such as with cartilage. In the avascular tissues,
they tend to be made up of more extracellular (non-living) matrices, or substances, rather than of cellular components.
Connective tissue is classified into two categories:
A. Connective Tissue Proper
1. loose connective tissue,
2. adipose tissue,
3. dense connective tissue
B. Specialized Connective Tissue
1. cartilage (hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage)
2. bone
3. blood
Use your textbook to draw and label an example of each type of tissue. Take note of the patterns. Start by looking at the
individual patterns in how the cells are arranged.
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TYPE OF TISSUE
MAJOR TISSUE
LOCATION
Illustration
Description/Function
Loose Connective (p 101 A-top)
Binds skin to internal
organs
Adipose (p 101 A-bottom
Insulation, protection, also
called fat
Dense Connective (p 102 A-Top)
CONNECTIVE
TISSUE
Dense, tendons &
ligaments
Hyaline Cartilage (p 102 A-Bottom)
Covers ends of bones at
joints
Elastic Cartilage (p 103 A-Top)
framework of the ear and
larynx
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Fibrocartilage ( p 103 A-Bottom)
Found between vertebrae
Bone ( p104 A)
Osseus, structural tissue of
the skeleton
Blood (p 105 A)
form in the red marrow
Identifying Connective Tissues
Use what you have learned in Part B to identify the following connective tissues. Write your answers on the line in each box.
1. __________________________
4. ___________________________
7. _________________________
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2. ___________________________
3. ___________________________
5.__________________________
6. ______________________
8. __________________________
9. ___________________________
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Background Information
C. Muscle and Nervous Tissue
Muscle Tissue
The cells of muscle tissue are extremely long and contain protein fibers capable of contracting to provide movement. The bulk
of muscle tissue is made up of two proteins, myosin and actin. These proteins are organized into muscle fibers called
myofilaments, and can be arranged into even larger bundles to create muscles. Muscle tissues are separated into three main
types depending on the arrangement of these myofilaments. These include skeletal muscle tissue, smooth muscle tissue, and
cardiac muscle tissue.
Skeletal muscle is also considered “voluntary muscle” and makes up the muscles that are attached to our skeleton by tendons.
These muscles can be contracted voluntarily and function in movement and maintenance of posture. About 35-45% of the
human body is made up of skeletal muscle tissue. When skeletal muscle tissue is observed, there are visible striations, or lines
that can be seen.
Smooth muscle is also known as “involuntary muscle” and makes up the lining of most of the organs of the body. This includes
the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, blood vessels, bladder, and uterus just as a few examples. These muscles do not
contract voluntarily and do not have visible striations. For example, in a process called peristalsis smooth muscle contracts in
waves to push food from the esophagus all the way through until it is expelled out the anus. Cardiac muscle makes up the heart,
and is an extremely dense strong tissue. Cardiac muscle tissue has a very large number of mitochondria to provide the energy
source for the continuous contracting action of the heart. Cardiac muscle tissue is striated like skeletal muscle tissue, but also
has myofilaments arranged into larger striations called intercalated discs that join cardiac muscle fibers together.
Nervous Tissue
Nervous tissue is found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves and is responsible for communication. There are two main cells that
make up nervous tissue: neurons and neuroglia cells. Neurons are responsible for sending and receiving messages while
neuroglia provide support and nutrients for neurons.
Use your textbook to draw and label an example of each type of tissue. Take note of the patterns. Start by looking at the
individual patterns in how the cells are arranged.
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TYPE OF TISSUE
MAJOR TISSUE
LOCATION
Illustration
Description/Function
Smooth Muscle ( 107 A- Top)
Walls of many internal
organs
Cardiac Muscle (p 107 A- Bottom)
MUSCLE TISSUE
Walls of the heart
Skeletal Muscle (p 108 A)
Muscles connected to
bones
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Neuron (p 207)
Transmits signals, nerve
impulses
Draw one of each Glial or neuroglial Cells (p
205)
Ependymal
NERVE TISSUE
Astrocyte
Support cells
Microglial
Oligodendrocyte)
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Identifying Muscle and Nervous Tissues
Use what you have learned in Part C to identify the following muscle and nervous tissues. Write your answers on the line in each box.
1. ______________________________
4. ___________________________
2. __________________________
5. _____________________________
3. __________________________
6. _____________________________
7. ________________________
8. __________________________
9.
__________________________
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D.
Notes Tissue
Make a two column notes for tissues. Remember the following rules in taking notes.
 List central ideas, topics, and key words on the left.
 List information and subtopics on the right.
 Indent subtopics and leave plenty of empty space.
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E.
Concept Mapping
a. Start with your center concept - TISSUES OF THE BODY
b. Draw 4 arrows connecting to the four types of tissues found in the body.
c. For each tissue type, draw arrows (varies in number) to related types.
d. For each you want to include linked concepts that describe the tissue type, indicate where it is located, and any
additional related terms
The image below will help get you started. You need to copy this on to the next page and complete it.
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Type of Tissue Concept Map
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F. Application Questions
Briefly answer questions in a complete sentence.
1. Systemic lupus erythematosus (often simply called lupus) is a condition that sometimes affects young women. I t is a chronic
(persistent) inflammation that affects all or most of the connective tissue proper in the body. Suzy is told by her doctor that she
has lupus, and she asks if it will have widespread or merely localized effects within the body. What would the physician
answer?
2. John has severely injured his knee during football practice. He is told that he has a torn knee cartilage and to expect that
recovery and repair will take a long time. Why will it take a long time?
3. Bradley tripped and tore one of the tendons surrounding his ankle. In anguish with pain, he asked his doctor how quickly he
could expect it to heal. What do you think the doctor’s response was and why?
4. Collagen and elastin are added to many skin care products. What types of tissue are they normally part of?
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