Triticale
TRITICALE
Triticale, a cross between wheat and cereal rye, has a
niche on farms across Victoria due to several attributes. It
has a reputation for tolerance to harsh soil conditions such
as acid and alkaline soils and soils of low trace element
fertility. It is a tall crop bred for strong straw strength which
can be useful in rocky paddocks or circumstances where
crops have been known to lodge.
REVIEW OF 2014
Season
The area sown to triticale has declined substantially in
recent years as growers favour wheat or barley.
Despite the good start to the season some yields were
reduced by the lack of moisture for the later part of the
season in the west of the state. Despite reduced yields in
Mallee NVT trials quality was maintained with minimal
screenings.
Disease
Triticales are noted for their resistance to a range of
diseases and there were no reports of disease issues in
this crop.
LOOKING FORWARD TO 2015
New varieties
KM10 is a new variety for 2015. It is a fast growing variety
ideal for situations where forage is required early in the
season. It tends to smaller grain and is ideally suited to
short season environments.
Bison is a high yielding early to mid season triticale from
AGT that will be available to growers in 2016.
VARIETY DESCRIPTIONS
denotes Plant Breeders Rights apply
End Point Royalty (EPR) 2015-16 quoted $/tonne ex-GST.
BERKSHIRE
A mid-season awned variety with good straw strength.
Stem rust R, stripe rust MRMS# and leaf rust RMR. Has
been purpose bred for feed quality traits for pigs by the
University of Sydney and Pork CRC, registered 2009.
Marketed by Waratah Seed Co.
BISON
An early to mid season reduced awn variety. A high
yielding variety. Stem rust RMR, stripe rust R# and leaf rust
RMR. Bred by AGT (as TSA0451) and registered 2014.
Marketed by AGT with seed available for 2016.
BOGONG
An early to mid season fully awned variety. Higher yielding
than Tahara. Stem rust RMR, stripe rust MRMS#, leaf rust
RMR and susceptible to CCN. Bred by University of New
England, registered 2009. Marketed by Seednet.
CANOBOLAS
Early to mid-season awned variety with stiff straw, shorter
than Tahara. A widely adapted spring variety with acid soil
tolerance. Stem rust RMR, stripe rust MRMS# and leaf rust
RMR. Bred by the University of New England, registered
2009. Marketed by Seednet.
CHOPPER
An early maturing, awned semi dwarf variety which resists
lodging in high yielding environments. Has good grain
quality and performs best in short growing seasons or late
sowing situations. MRMS# to stripe rust. Bred by AGT,
released in 2010 and marketed by AGT. EPR $3.
Fusion is currently the highest yielding triticale.
Disease
When selecting varieties up to date rust resistance ratings
should be consulted as previous ratings may have changed
due to new rust strains becoming established. The
important diseases to consider are stripe rust and CCN.
MORE INFORMATION
www.nvtonline.com.au
Detailed NVT trial results and links to variety information.
 Australian Field Crop Disease Guide app
www.extensionaus.com.au/australian-field-cropdisease-guide-app
www.depi.vic.gov.au/agriculture-and-food/grains-and-othercrops
 AG0497 Growing triticale
 AG1160 Cereal disease guide
FUSION
A mid-season variety (similar to Tahara), fully awned grain
only triticale. A moderately tall variety that yields well in dry
or sudden finishes. Stem rust R, stripe rust RMR#, leaf rust
R and resistant to CCN. Tested as TSA0291, released in
2012 and marketed by AGT. EPR $3.
GOANNA
An early to mid-season, fully awned grain only triticale.
Stem rust R, stripe rust MR#, leaf rust RMR and resistant
to CCN. Released in 2011 by Cooper & Elleway.
HAWKEYE
A mid-season maturing, fully awned, spring variety with
broad adaptation. This variety produces large grain with
low screenings. Stem rust R, stripe rust MR#, leaf rust R
and resistant to CCN. Released 2007 and marketed by
AGT. EPR $2.50.
JAYWICK
A medium maturing, fully awned spring variety which has
displayed good yields in tough finishing seasons. Also
produces large grain with low screenings. Stem rust
MRMS, stripe rust RMR#, leaf rust R and resistant to CCN.
Released 2007 and marketed by AGT. EPR $2.50.
40
Victorian Winter Crop Summary 2015
Triticale
KM10
A fast growing early to mid season variety with good early
production of forage. Tends to smaller grain and is ideally
suited to short season environments. Stem rust RMR,
stripe rust R#, leaf rust MRMS but susceptible to CCN.
Released in 2014 by Cooper & Elleway.
RUFUS
A mid-season maturing variety, with a tall growth habit and
reduced awns which is favoured for hay production. Stem
rust RMR, stripe rust MRMS#, leaf rust R and resistant to
CCN. Grain yields in higher rainfall regions have been
superior to Tahara but may also cause lodging. Released
in 2005 by University of New England. Seed available from
Cooper & Elleway.
TAHARA
A variety that has been widely grown for many years
because of its reliability across a range of environments,
but now outclassed by newer options. It may lodge in high
yielding situations. Stem rust RMR, stripe rust MRMS#, leaf
rust R and resistant to CCN. Suited to most districts with
rainfall up to 550mm. Released 1987 by the forerunner of
the Victorian DEPI.
TOBRUK
With a strong winter habit Tobruk is a dual purpose or long
season grain only variety with excellent grain yield. Stem
rust R, stripe rust MSS, leaf rust R. Earlier flowering than
Breakwell and Endeavour. Released 2007 and marketed
by Waratah Seed Co.
YOWIE
A medium to tall mid-season grain variety that is fully
awned and white-chaffed. Stem rust R, stripe rust MR#,
leaf rust R and resistant to CCN. Released in 2010, seed
available from Cooper & Elleway.
TUCKERBOX
Tuckerbox is a late-medium season, tall, high tillering
variety with reduced awn head type, which may be grown
for forage or grain. Stem rust MR, stripe rust MR#, leaf rust
R and resistant to CCN. Released in 2009 and marketed by
Yankalilla Seeds.
DUAL-PURPOSE TRITICALES
YUKURI
A reduced awn type of medium to late season maturity.
Stem rust R, stripe rust MR#, leaf rust R but susceptible to
CCN. Yukuri is a fodder type option which produces good
quality hay and silage. As a grain crop it is best suited to
environments with 450mm plus rainfall. Registered 2005,
limited seed now available.
These varieties can be grazed early and then allowed to
produce grain or cut for hay.
ENDEAVOUR
Long season variety with similar maturity to Breakwell.
Semi-awnless with excellent dry matter production and
grain recovery after grazing. Stem rust R, stripe rust RMR#,
leaf rust R. Registered 2008 and marketed by Waratah
Seed Co.
Table 1: Triticale time of sowing guide.
This table is a guide only and has been compiled from observations of the breeder and local departmental agronomists.
MALLEE
April
May
June
July
Berkshire, Bison, Chopper, Fusion,
Hawkeye, Jaywick, KM10, Rufus, Tahara,
Goanna, Yowie
WIMMERA
>
April
Berkshire, Bison, Fusion, Hawkeye,
Jaywick, Rufus, Tahara, Goanna, Yowie
Chopper, KM10
NORTH CENTRAL
X
April
>
April
X
X
X
X
X
X
May
>
Berkshire, Bison, Credit, Fusion, Hawkeye,
Jaywick, Rufus, Tahara, Goanna, Yowie
Chopper, KM10
NORTH EAST
Jackie
Abacus
Berkshire, Bison, Credit, Fusion, Hawkeye,
Jaywick, Tahara, Goanna, Yowie
Chopper
SOUTH WEST
>
<
<
June
July
>
X
X
X
X
X
X
<
>
May
>
X
X
X
June
X
X
X
<
July
X
X
X
X
<
<
>
>
May
X
X
X
<
June
<
>
July
X
X
X
X
<
X
<
<
>
X
X
X
<
>
X
May
X
X
Endeavour, Jackie, Yukuri
>
X
X
X
Abacus, Prime 322
>
>
X
Berkshire, Bison, Credit, Fusion,
>
>
Kosciuszko, Tahara, Tobruk
>earlier than ideal, X optimum sowing time, < later than ideal but acceptable
X
X
X
X
X
X
<
X
<
X
<
<
X
X
X
X
X
<
<
April
X
>
X
<
June
July
Victorian Winter Crop Summary 2015
41
Triticale
Table 2: Triticale variety agronomic guide and disease reaction.
Stripe rust Leaf rust Yellow Septoria CCN PratylenchusPratylenchus
thornei
leaf spot tritici resistance neglectus
resistance resistance
Berkshire
E-M
T
W
R
MRMS#
RMR
MR
R
MR
MS
Bison
RMR
R#
RMR
MR
RMR
R
MR
Bogong
E-M
M-T
W
RMR
MRMS#
RMR
MR
R
S
MR
S
Canobolas
E-M
M-T
W
RMR
MRMS#
RMR
MR
R
MR
MSS
Chopper
E
S-M
W
MRMS MRMS#
R
MR
R
R
MRMS
MSS
Endeavour
L
W
R
RMR#
R
MR
RMR
Fusion
M
M-T
W
R
RMR#
R
MRMS
R
R
RMR
MSS
Goanna
E-M
T
W
R
MR#
RMR
MR
R
R
MRMS
SVS
Hawkeye
M
M-T
W
R
MR#
R
MR
R
R
MR
MS
Jaywick
M
M-T
W
MRMS
RMR#
R
MR
R
R
KM10
RMR
R#
MRMS MRMS
R
S
Rufus
M
T
W
RMR
MRMS#
R
MR
MR
R
Tahara
M
T
W
RMR
MRMS#
R
MR
R
R
MR
S
Tobruk
M-L
W
R
MSS
R
MR
MR
Tuckerbox
M
T
W
MR
MR#
R
MR
R
S
Yowie
M
M-T
W
R
MR#
R
MR
R
R
MR
MSS
Yukuri
M-L
W
R
MR#
R
MR
MR
S
Maturity: E = early, M = mid season, L = late, VL = very late
Height: M = medium, T = tall
Colour: W = white, Br = brown
Disease: R = Resistant, RMR = Resistant to moderately resistant, MR = Moderately resistant, MRMS = Moderately resistant
to moderately susceptible, MS = Moderately susceptible, MSS = Moderately susceptible to susceptible, S = Susceptible
SVS = Susceptible to very susceptible, VS = Very susceptible
# Varieties marked may be more susceptible if alternative strains are present.
Variety
Maturity Height
Head
colour
Stem
rust
Table 3: Long term predicted triticale yield 2008-2014 expressed as a percentage of the yield of Jaywick
(main season). The numbers in brackets indicate the number of site years in that area.
Jaywick (t/ha)
Abacus
Berkshire
Bison
Bogong
Canobolas
Chopper
Crackerjack
Credit
El Alamein
Endeavour
Fusion
Goanna
Hawkeye
Jaywick
Rufus
Speedee
Tahara
Tickit
Tobruk
Tuckerbox
Yowie
Yukuri
42
Victorian Winter Crop Summary 2015
Mallee
2.52
102 (10)
109 (4)
106 (12)
102 (12)
103 (12)
110 (10)
101 (8)
103 (12)
100 (12)
100 (12)
100 (12)
100 (5)
97 (10)
-
North East
4.35
101 (13)
110 (4)
102 (13)
101 (13)
98 (13)
100 (3)
111 (10)
96 (8)
103 (13)
100 (13)
95 (13)
77 (3)
93 (13)
87 (3)
85 (11)
93 (10)
80 ()
South West
4.58
71 (8)
98 (11)
91 (11)
96 (11)
91 (11)
81 (7)
68 (4)
104 (9)
86 (9)
104 (7)
89 (5)
101 (20)
100 (11)
87 (11)
85 (13)
88 (15)
80 (16)
92 (12)
84 (18)
Triticale
Table 4: Yield and Protein level (%) - 2014 triticale trials. Yield expressed as a percentage of the yield of
Jaywick (main season). Fungicides used in the North East and South West.
Yield
Mallee
Ultima Walpeup
(F)
Sowing Date
8/5/14
Protein
North East
RutherYarraglen
wonga
South
West
Streatham
5/5/14
16/5/14
14/5/14
16/5/14
2.70
115
106
99
98
113
94
104
100
101
93
93
87
-
4.07
111
109
110
103
108
123
95
102
100
95
87
86
74
-
4.31
114
136
103
104
120
98
102
117
100
91
88
77
81
-
5.62
107
116
101
104
110
104
102
111
100
91
92
86
100
68
2.82
3
5
4.11
12
19
4.50
7
11
5.75
4
7
Jaywick
(t/ha)
1.63
Berkshire
Bison
117
Bogong
96
Canobolas
100
Chopper
107
Fusion
128
Goanna
110
Hawkeye
101
Jaywick
100
KM10
87
Rufus
112
Tahara
108
Tuckerbox
Yowie
100
Yukuri
Site Mean
(t/ha)
1.75
CV (%)
5
LSD (%)
8
F = Multiple frosts
Mallee
Ultima Walpeup
12.8
13.1
13.6
13.1
12.2
12.8
12.6
12.5
13.2
14.0
13.4
12.8
-
12.9
13.0
13.0
12.9
13.0
14.2
13.1
13.4
12.9
13.7
14.3
13.6
-
North East
RutherYarraglen
wonga
9.9
10.5
9.7
9.9
9.7
9.6
10.3
9.8
9.5
9.6
10.5
9.5
9.5
-
11.5
11.2
11.6
11.7
11.3
10.5
11.9
11.8
12.0
12.6
12.0
11.4
11.1
-
South
West
Streatham
12.3
12.3
12.5
12.4
12.3
12.4
12.5
12.3
12.5
12.3
12.4
12.3
12.6
12.4
Table 5: Screenings and test weight (kg/hectolitre) in Victorian 2014 triticale trials. Screenings expressed
as a percentage of grain below a 2 mm sieve.
Screenings (%)
Mallee
Berkshire
Bison
Bogong
Canobolas
Chopper
Fusion
Goanna
Hawkeye
Jaywick
KM10
Rufus
Tahara
Tuckerbox
Yowie
Yukuri
North East
Test weight
South West
Mallee
North East
South
West
Ultima
Walpeup
Rutherglen
Yarrawonga
Streatham
Ultima
Walpeup
Rutherglen
Yarrawonga
Streatham
0.70
1.70
1.90
1.00
1.10
2.60
1.00
1.30
1.10
0.40
1.90
2.50
-
0.90
0.80
1.10
1.00
0.80
0.40
0.70
0.90
1.50
0.50
0.80
0.50
-
0.46
0.91
1.94
1.64
3.20
1.89
1.30
0.58
1.79
1.28
2.67
2.65
1.05
-
0.41
0.51
0.67
1.32
0.76
0.94
1.58
0.23
0.54
1.00
1.02
3.04
0.98
-
0.41
0.00
1.81
0.38
0.17
0.00
0.36
0.00
0.00
0.40
0.62
2.04
0.74
4.28
70.9
73.6
74.4
72.6
73.4
76.0
73.9
72.9
74.6
69.7
70.0
72.7
-
75.4
79.5
78.8
71.9
78.6
79.3
77.6
76.8
76.4
76.5
75.5
75.8
-
70.2
69.8
67.9
70.2
65.0
67.8
69.6
68.8
67.7
66.8
65.5
66.2
67.6
-
77.0
70.5
76.0
76.8
71.8
72.8
76.4
75.6
73.4
71.2
71.9
74.1
74.0
-
75.4
69.6
73.8
74.4
71.0
70.8
76.6
73.3
73.3
70.6
71.9
72.3
73.6
72.7
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Frank Henry
Grant Hollaway
Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, Hamilton
Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, Horsham
Victorian Winter Crop Summary 2015
43