Board Races review Atomic structure 2010
1. How many protons does zinc have?
30
2. How many neutrons does Bi-210 have?
127
3. How many electrons does C-4 have?
10
4. How many protons does mercury have?
80
5. How many neutrons does sulfur have?
16
6. How many electrons does C+4 have?
2
7. How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does He have?
2 P, 2 N, 2E
8. Who was the first person to describe an element as a substance which can no longer be broken down into
smaller substances?
Robert Boyle
9. T or F Elements are composed of atoms.
T
10. According to Dalton, all atoms of the same element are _________________.
Identical
11. T or F The law of constant composition states that the composition of a substance is constant for all
samples of that substance.
T
12. According to Dalton, elements can not be what?
Created or destroyed
13. T or F All element atoms are the same no matter what the element.
F
14. T or F All atoms present at the beginning of the reaction do not need to be at the end of the reaction? F
15. What discovered the electron?
JJ Thomson
16. What method did JJ Thomson use to identify the electron?
Cathode ray tubes (CRT)
17. What were the particles in Rutherford’s experiment?
Alpha
18. What was the charge on the alpha particle?
Positive
19. What was the element used in his famous experiment?
Gold
20. How did he see the alpha particles after they went through the foil? A film “caught” the particles
21. How did the majority of the particles react to the foil atoms? They went straight through
22. What was Rutherford’s clue that there was a positive nucleus in the atom? A few bounced at large angles or
straight back.
23. Diagram Rutherford’s experiment equipment.
24. What did Rutherford conclude about the atom?
It was mostly empty space with a positive nucleus
25. What particle was speculated after the electron was discovered?
Proton or neutron
26. Diagram the plum pudding model.
27. Diagram the nuclear model.
28. When was the neutron identified?
1932
29. Why is the atom neutral?
Equal numbers of protons and neutrons
30. What is the center of the atom called?
Nucleus
31. What two particles compose the mass of the atoms? Protons and neutrons
32. What is the charge of the electron?
-1
33. What is the mass of the electron?
0
34. What is the charge of the proton?
1
35. What is the charge of the neutron?
0
36. What is the mass of a proton?
1
37. What is the mass of a neutron?
1
38. What is the name of a positively charged atom?
Cation
39. What is the name of a negatively charged atom?
Anion
40. What is the nuclear symbol for carbon-14?
14 C
6
41. What is the nuclear symbol for nitrogen-15?
15
7𝑁
42. Define an isotope.
Two elements with different masses
43. What is the average atomic mass of 69.17% Cu-63 and 30.83% Cu-65?
63.61 amu
44. What are the two types of nuclear reactions?
Decay and capture
45. Write the nuclear symbol for alpha particle.
4
2𝐻𝑒
46. Write the nuclear symbol for beta particle.
0
−1𝑒
47. Write the nuclear symbol for gamma particle.
0
0𝛾
48. Write the nuclear symbol for positron particle.
0
1𝑒
49. Write the nuclear symbol for neutrino particle.
1
0𝑛
50. What is an alpha particle also known as?
A helium nucleus
51. The atomic number and mass number must be ___________ in nuclear reactions?
52. Write a balanced equation for the positron emission of P-32.
32
15𝑃
53. Write a balanced equation for the neutrino decay of Th-230.
230
90𝑇ℎ
54. Write two consecutive alpha decays for U-234.
234
92𝑈
→ 42𝐻𝑒 +
55. T or F Fission is the splitting of an unstable nucleus.
→ 01𝑒 +
Conserved
32
14𝑆𝑖
→ 10𝑛 +
230
90𝑇ℎ
229
90𝑇ℎ
→ 42𝐻𝑒 +
228
88𝑅𝑎
T
56. Name one use of nuclear chemistry.
Medicine, weapons, energy
57. What is fusion?
Combining two nuclei
58. Where is fusion commonly found?
In stars
59. Where is fission commonly found?
In nuclear reactors, weapons
60. Define half life.
The amount of time it takes for ½ of the radioactive
material to decay.
61. If a material has a half-life of 10 minutes, how long will it take to decay 20 g of material to 1.25 g?
40
minutes
62. If a material has a half life of 20 years, how much material is left after 100 years if you begin with 100 g?
3.125 g
63. What is the half-life of a material if 16 grams decayed to 2 grams over 20 minutes?
64. Graphing the half-life of an element.
6.67 minutes