Y. Spandiyarov – Doctor of technical sciences, professor Taraz innovative-humanities university, Taraz,
Republic of Kazakhstan
M. Nemerebayev - Doctor of technical sciences, professor Taraz innovative-humanities university, Taraz,
Republic of Kazakhstan
А. Borankulova - PhD doctor Taraz State University named М.H. Dulati, Taraz, Republic of Kazakhstan
B. Soltibaeva - PhD doctor Taraz State University named М.H. Dulati, Taraz, Republic of Kazakhstan
THE GENERALIZED EQUATION OF CREEP TALKAN IN CONDITIONS UNIAXIAL
COMPRESSION IN THE CLOSED VOLUME
National food “Talkan” test results were presented under monoaxial compression in closed space. For
“Talkan” creep test we made the unit which guaranteed quick compression of material under compressing load but
without blow. This provided getting of instantaneous deformation of test product. Test data interpretation allowed to
propose generalized equation for the first stage of “Talkan” creep process.
Keywords: groats “tary”, talkan, volumetric compression.
Kazakhs, Tatars, Bashkirs, Tuvinians, Buryats and many other peoples often use the national groats
on the basis a grain of millet. For example, in Kazakhstan, people use unique millet processing
technology: it should be boiled, then baked, and then husked being hot with further aspiration [1].
The resulting millet, or, as they call it, groats "tary" has a sweetish taste due to the increased
content of sugars and dextrins, quickly fall apart and gives a crumbly porridge. Fine crushing the groats
"Tary" allows to get talkan, which is a valuable national staple food, as it has a good digestibility, does
not require pre-heat treatment, and has long expiry period.
By adding to the talkan honey, sugar, butter, raisins and other food components in a short period of
time you can prepare many delicious and healthy meals for a diverse population.
However, physico-mechanical properties of this product, which are needed to calculate the process
equipment, have been little studied. In the working volume of the technological equipment, the material
subjected to creep, which develops under the influence by a pressure [2].
The purpose of this work is to study the creep talkan under conditions comprehensive compression
in the closed volume.
From figure 1 you can see that testing unit for the creep of talkan consists of a cylinder 2, of a
piston 1 and of indicator of clock type 4. Pressure on the mass 3 carried with a lever 5 by the piston 1
(figure 1). For central applications load in a special recess on the face of the end piston was a steel ball.
Figure 1. Scheme of the experimental unit
A length of the lever 1.4 m and distance from axis of the piston to the hinge was 0.1 m. The lever
was into a horizontal position during tests.
When calculating the weight of the cargo 6, required to achieve the desired pressure in the test
sample, the weight of the arm 5 was taken into account. Humidity of the sample was controlled by the
method of GOST 13490.3-70.
Please see below the sequence of the talkan creep tests at room temperature. Product mass with
moisture of 12.1% was placed in the cylinder. Then the lever was lowered quickly but without hitting on
the piston and the material is subjected to the action of a compressive force. Deformation of a material
was measured by indicator of clock type.
The initial deformation of product was defined by the formula
 0  1
i ,
e
(1)
where ρi, ρe – the density of the sample, respectively, the initial and at an operating pressure, kg/m3.
Experiments were conducted at pressure 20, 25, 30 and 35 MPa.
Figure 2 shows, that character of the creep curves is identical, which allows to look for a common
regularity.
Conventionally, the process of creep can be divided into two stages: the first stage is unsettled with
a gradually decreasing speed, the second one is settled regime with a constant speed of deformation. For
talkan pressing the first stage provides practical interest, because during this period we have maximum
deformation.
Processing of experimental data allowed us to offer to describe the dependence of the deformation
 of the material from time t by the following equation


   0 1   Ап  Вп 0  t ,
(2)
where Ап and Вп – empirical coefficients.
Figure 2. The talkan creep curves under pressure (MPa):
1 – 20; 2 – 25; 3 – 30; 4 – 35 MPa
We add the notation С = Ап—Впε0 in equation (2) and divide both parts at ε0 then we obtain

0
=1+С
t
If we construct the equation (3) in the coordinates 
(3)
0
and
t we get straight lines (Figure 3),
where each of them corresponds to a certain value of the voltage.
Tangents of the angles inclination of direct lines to the x-axe gives the values of C, and the
intersection of straight lines with the y-axe is 1.
Straight lines corresponding to the stresses of 25 and 30 MPa, to improve clarity in figure 3 are not
shown.
To determine the coefficients Ап and Вп we plotted a graph in the coordinates C - ε0 (Figure 4).
If we continue to line up to the intersection with the y-axis, then the segment numerically equal to
Ап will be cut off. The tangent of slope the straight line to the X-axis gives Вп. Similarly determined Ап
and Вп at other pressures.
After processing the experimental data for the first stage of the creep process a generalized
equation of the following form was presented

   0 1  (0,0072 0  0,3495) t

(3)
Deviation between the experimental and calculated values is less than 5%. The obtained
generalized rheological equation of creep wheat grains is true in the interval compaction pressure of from
20 to 35 MPa.
Figure 3. Dependence 
0
from
t : 1-20 and 2-35 MPa
Figure 4. The dependence С from ε0
REFERENCES
1.
2.
Спандияров, Е. Линия для производства крупы "Тары" [Текст] / Е. Спандияров, К.А.
Кульмамбетов. ЦНТИ. Инф. листок №90-011. – Джамбул, 1990. – 6 с.
Мачихин, Ю.А. Инженерная реология пищевых материалов [Текст] / Ю.А. Мачихин, С.А.
Мачихин. – М.: Легкая и пищевая промышленность, 1981. – 215 с.