Discover Biology, 5th Edition, Anu Singh-Cundy & Michaeol Cain, WW Norton & Co., © 2012 Chapter 2, Biological Diversity, Bacteria, and Archaea, pp 25-46. Vocabulary 1 aerobes; 2 anaerobe; 3 antibiotics; 4 Archaea; 5 autotrophs; 6 Bacteria; 7 bacterial conjugation; 8 bacterial culture; 9 binary fission; 10 biodiversity; 11 bioremediation; 12 chemoautotroph; 13 chemoheterotroph; 14 clade; 15 class; 16 decomposer; 17 domain; 18 endotoxin; 19 Eukarya; 20 eukaryote; 21 evolutionary tree; 22 exotoxin; 23 extremophile; etc…. 1. organisms requiring oxygen gas to survive 2. type of organism that cannot live in an oxygen environment 3. molecules secreted by 1 organism to kill/impair growth of other organisms 4. domain containing single-celled organisms known for living in extremely harsh conditions 5. producers; organisms that make organic molecules themselves 6. domain containing single-celled organisms typically associated with diseases 7. process in which a bacterium may actively trade DNA with another bacterium 8. lab dish containing bacteria growing in specially formulated food 9. form of asexual reproduction in which 1 single organisms produces its own offspring 10. term encompassing all life & their interactions with each other & their environment 11. use of organisms to clean up environmental pollution 12. organisms that use CO2 & energy from chemicals in their environment to make their food 13. organisms that obtain energy & carbon from organic molecules 14. a branch on the evolutionary tree composed of a given ancestor and all its descendants 15. group of closely related orders 16. consumers that extract nutrients from the remains of dead organisms 17. the broadest classification grouping of living organisms 18. component of bacterial wall that triggers illness in human beings 19. domain including all organisms whose cells have membrane-bound organelles; Plants, Animals, Fungi, & Protists 20. common reference to members of the Eukarya domain 21. branching diagram modeling evolutionary relationships among groups of organisms according to DNA homology, physical features, &/ or biochemical characteristics 22. a poison that an organism releases into its surrounding 23. Archaeans that thrive in boiling-hot geysers, highly acidic or saline waters , freezing-cold seas, volcanic vents, etc… continued...24 family; 25 fermentation; 26 flagellum; 27 genus; 28 heterotroph; 29 inorganic molecule; 30 kingdom; 31 lateral gene transfer; 32 lineage; 33 Linnaean hierarchy; 34 methanogen; 35 most recent common ancestor; 36 nitrogen fixation; 37 node; 38 nucleus; 39 nutrient recycling; 40 order; 41 organic molecule; 42 pathogen; 43 photoautotroph; 44 photoheterotroph; 45 phylum; 46 pili; 47 plasmid; etc… 24. a group of closely related genera 25. type of metabolism aerobes use in an oxygen-low environment 26. one or more long, whiplike structures for locomotion in bacteria 27. a group of closely related species 28. consumers; organisms depending on other organisms for food 29. molecules that have no more than 1 carbon atom 30. the 2nd-highest level in hierarchical classification 31. transfer of genetic material between different species under natural conditions 32. lines of descent from a common ancestor 33. system of biological classification devised by Carolus Linnaeus 34. Archaeans producing methane gas as a by-product of their metabolism 35. the most immediate ancestor that both lineages have in common 36. process in which bacteria transform N2 (g) into ammonia for plants 37. moment in time when an ancestral group split into 2 separate lineages 38. organelle housing organism’s DNA 39. process by which decomposers return biological materials from waste/ death to the environment 40. a group of closely related families 41. carbon-containing molecules of biological origin 42. organisms that cause disease in other organisms 43. organisms that can make food from the sun’s radiant energy 44. prokaryotes that use light as an energy source but get their carbon from organic molecules 45. a group of closely related classes 46. short hairlike projections covering the surface of some bacteria 47. loops of extra DNA in cytoplasm (mostly in prokaryotes) continued … 48 prokaryote; 49 quorum sensing; 50 RNA; 51 scientific name; 52 shared derived trait; 53 taxon; 54 taxonomy; 55 tree of life; 56 viral strain; 57 virus 48. informal label for Bacteria & Archaea indicating a lack of membrane- bound organelles in their cells 49. prokaryotic system of cell-to-cell communication enabling cells to sense & respond to their population density 50. ribonucleic acid 51. unique, 2-word Latin name identifying organism’s genus & species 52. evolutionary novelties shared by an ancestor & its descendants but not in unrelated groups 53. a group of organisms at any of the various levels of classification; a taxonomic group 54. branch of biology dealing with the naming of organisms 55. branched diagram depicting evolutionary history of life from the beginning 56. variant forms of a particular type of virus; serotypes 57. microscopic, noncellular infectious particle comprised of DNA/ RNA & a protein coat