Chapter 10 Mountains
Note Guide
EQ1. Differentiate among stress and strain and identify the factors that affect stress and strain
Stress= force Strain= deformation
DEFORMATION BRITTLE DEFORMATION, DUCTILE DEFORMATION, ELASTIC DEFORMATION
Temperature and Confining Pressure
 At which location and conditions do both brittle and ductile deformation occur?
 Give examples of substances that undergo both brittle and ductile deformation.
Rock Type: Which type of rock structure is more brittle? More ductile?
Time:
How might time influence deformation?
EQ2 Explain isostacy.
EQ3. Differentiate among folds and faults and explain how different types of folds and faults are
formed.
FOLDS What kind of force produces folds?
DOME, BASIN Where are young and old rocks found in domes and basins?
Types of Folds: ANTICLINE SYNCLINE MONOCLINE Define and illustrate
FAULTS DIP-SLIP FAULTS, REVERSE FAULT, THRUST FAULT,
HANGING WALL, FOOTWALL, GRABEN, HORST (Illustrate and define), STRIKE-SLIP FAULT
(illustrate), TRANSFORM FAULT
 What kind of force produces normal and reverse faults?
JOINT What kind of process might influence the joint?
EQ4. Differentiate among different types of mountains and explain how they formed. Including fault
block mountains
OROGENESIS
Mountain Building at Subduction Zones
1, Volcanic Island Arcs: subducting oceanic plate with oceanic plate
Why do volcanoes form?
2. Andean type margins (subducting oceanic plate with continental plate)
Why do volcanoes form? Where do they form?
What formations are formed besides volcanoes?
3. Collisional Mountains:
Can be formed from “pieces” that can’t/won’t subduct—
Add bits and pieces to the continent this way
ACCRETIONARY WEDGE
4. Collisional Mountains, continental continental
First the oceanic plate subducts, then the continental crust collides
5. Fault Block Mountains
Produced how?
Chapter 9
Volcanoes Note Guide
EQ1. Identify and describe the conditions under which magma can form and erupt VISCOSITY
VOLATILES VISCOSITY
Mount St. Helens Versus Kilauea--Describe the different ways volcanoes can behave
Explain the effect of viscosity on eruption style
Explain the factors that affect viscosity, see below.
Where does molten magma go? (Describe Fig. 9.4)
After it is risen and before it erupts, where is magma held?
Describe how the arrival of new magma can trigger an eruption.
Describe how magma can erupt just like opening a can of warm soda.
What factors affect the eruption? See the last paragraph.
Anatomy of a volcano (fig. 9.10)
EQ2. Understand the effects of volcanic eruptions on air quality and the biosphere
What kinds of gases are expelled? What kinds of pyroclastic flows?
EQ3. Compare the structure (type) of volcano to the composition of the material that is extruded
(amount of silica), the type of volcanic eruption, the viscosity of the magma/lava and the type of plate
boundary
Plate Boundary
Major rock/silica
Viscosity
Explosive?
content
Shield
Cinder
Strato/composite
Fissure
erruptions/lava
plateaus
EQ4. List types of pyroclastic material