ESM
1.
2.
3.
4.
Rarefaction plots
Probability density plots
Relationship between metrics
Species data
1. Rarefaction
Rarefaction of pools and lakes. Individual based rarefaction was computed using Colwell’s
Estimates 9 package [1]. In each case a rarefaction plot is presented for every (a) pool or (b)
lake. Following the method set out in [2] (and implemented in [1]) we show the asymptotic
richness of each assemblage as well as the rarefaction curve based on the actual number of
individuals present. In each instance extrapolation is based on the size (number of
individuals) of the largest sample (Taxizal in the case of pools and Pagao in the case of
lakes). For every pool (or lake) the thicker line illustrates the rarefaction curve for the actual
number of individuals observed, while the thinner line is the extrapolated species richness.
The pool (or lake) names are given in the legend: (obs) denotes to observed number of
individuals.
60
a. pools
50
species
40
30
Taxizal
Caxinguba
20
Caxinguba (obs)
Seringa
Seringa (obs)
10
Tacaca
Tacaca (obs)
Urucurana
Ururucana (obs)
0
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
Jacareuba
Jacareuba (obs)
individuals
80
b. lakes
70
60
species
50
40
Pagao
Jurua Grande
30
Jurua Grande (obs)
20
Aracazinho
Aracazinho (obs)
10
Juruazinho
Juruazinho (obs)
0
0
1000
2000
3000
individuals
4000
5000
6000
Trajaca
Trajaca (obs)
2. Probability Density Plots
Individual plots are the solid (red) line, species plots the dashed (green) line.
Jurua Grande Lake
0.0
0.0
0.5
1.0
Density
1.0
0.5
Density
1.5
1.5
Trajaca Lake
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
log 10 body length (cm)
log 10 body length (cm)
Juruazinho Lake
Aracazinho Lake
1.5
Density
0.0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.0
0.5
Density
2.0
1.5
2.5
0.0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
log 10 body length (cm)
2.0
1.5
Density
1.0
0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
log 10 body length (cm)
0.5
1.0
1.5
log 10 body length (cm)
Pagao Lake
0.0
0.0
2.0
2.0
3. Relationship between metrics
Correlation matrix (Spearman correlation) for 15 metrics of community structure in the 11
Amazonian fish assemblages. Darker blue boxes/pies represent stronger positive correlations
and darker red boxes/pies stronger negative correlations. The metrics are: N: total number of
individuals; prop.dom: proportional abundance of dominant species; SDspp: standard
deviation of mean (log) body length of species; IQRspp: interquartile range of (log) body
length of species; MADspp: MAD of (log) body length of species; simpson.ev: Simpson
evenness; Shannon.ev: Shannon evenness; V: evenness calculated using equation 18 in [3];
PIE: as in main text and see also [3]; length.dom: length of the dominant species; MADind:
MAD of (log) body length of individuals; IQRind: interquartile range of (log) body length of
individuals; SDind: standard deviation of (log) body length of individuals; S: species
richness; RADslope: slope of the rank abundance distribution.
Cluster analysis of the 11 community metrics. Abbreviations as above.
4. Species Data
Species abundances (number of individuals, N) and lengths (cm) within (a) lakes, and (b)
pools.
(a) Lakes
Pagão
N
46
4
2
1
67
2
3
3
13
1
21
64
181
3
1
55
1
24
29
82
26
1
13
1
1
1346
6
2
43
101
2
4
4
10
61
1
3
2
1
4
3
3
4
30
1
87
3
4
61
2
1
1
5
1
6
3
8
6
3
length (cm)
9.60
3.41
5.28
7.00
4.17
52.87
5.77
17.40
8.16
4.80
11.95
9.19
6.54
9.91
6.20
4.91
3.64
4.35
0.55
5.31
6.43
8.40
6.97
5.40
8.00
4.14
7.18
5.00
34.70
5.06
6.48
6.60
7.70
3.32
5.90
3.10
3.80
9.20
17.50
4.79
16.97
9.53
9.70
7.10
8.80
2.70
4.47
3.88
11.19
13.95
10.10
10.60
7.14
14.50
8.97
16.90
10.85
4.53
3.43
Araçázinho
N
length (cm)
2
8
2
6
1
56
2
42
1
40
4
1
504
6
1
1
3
2
25
24
1
1
2
8
1
13
5
1
2
3
113
9.95
3.84
42.76
7.80
18.80
9.06
6.65
9.20
10.90
5.94
8.26
2.70
3.21
10.78
6.60
6.40
20.47
12.16
5.10
7.36
3.60
30.20
16.70
16.45
11.20
10.95
10.36
3.40
13.40
8.53
9.18
Juruá
Grande
N
length (cm)
20
9
1
1
2
16
1
1
3
20
92
51
5
1
1
2
25
22
10
2
1
19
19
2
378
66
16
113
6
2
10
6
1
2
1
4
2
5
7
2
6
43
267
1
18
34
4
13
2
3
6
10.83
5.54
25.80
16.20
12.70
4.18
2.10
26.81
8.70
12.80
9.08
9.70
3.20
10.50
7.60
11.75
4.54
4.25
6.20
15.75
3.27
5.98
5.23
25.80
4.92
3.32
3.42
5.22
8.20
8.80
3.51
9.40
3.10
3.80
32.10
5.70
19.15
4.68
13.41
11.35
5.22
11.35
2.43
18.00
1.98
16.54
11.80
2.15
9.25
9.17
6.98
Juruázinho
N
length (cm)
37
6
1
1
1
4
9
2
1
32
1
6
17
6
2
59
28
1
116
1
6
63
26
1
2
1
3
3
3
2
2
306
9
1
399
2
2
3
12
7
4
61
9
1
11
37
245
3
1
2
19
18
1
17
3
9.78
5.33
7.99
12.54
26.50
3.58
4.77
2.60
14.60
4.64
17.80
10.38
8.05
7.50
10.10
12.56
6.51
6.39
2.93
7.40
3.78
3.58
10.49
2.56
14.88
6.50
7.13
7.93
11.40
13.40
14.00
4.96
3.29
6.48
4.84
3.76
4.46
8.47
2.77
5.46
19.53
4.52
16.18
10.70
6.90
10.95
2.32
16.00
14.50
2.55
13.29
2.30
9.10
6.02
4.43
Tracajá
N
length (cm)
4
4
17
3
3
6
1
11
73
1
3
6
27
10
44
1
1
1
206
39
2
2
2
1
1
5
17
60
19
1
4
1
1
24
1
2
262
4
17
3
4
4
9
12
4
1
1
1
187
1
2
10
7
24
1
10
1
59
27
2
10.60
7.70
11.72
11.27
9.37
7.93
4.20
2.84
3.58
7.60
7.07
12.48
6.38
11.34
7.55
4.40
3.30
8.70
9.84
9.08
6.20
2.85
2.30
3.13
8.20
2.25
4.94
11.39
2.05
14.40
1.85
3.82
3.00
4.08
13.80
9.75
5.33
2.96
2.08
3.23
2.75
5.63
2.79
3.46
8.30
21.20
3.10
3.87
2.10
3.90
6.65
5.59
4.01
2.26
34.41
21.50
14.50
9.55
10.07
3.80
(b) Pools
Caxinguba
N length (cm)
2
8.90
5
3.92
3
3.03
1
8.50
23
11.98
1
3.50
2
1.80
28
6.89
5
2.86
1
10.30
12
3.78
47
3.72
5
7.54
2
4.25
52
18.18
4
11.53
51
1.84
64
2.74
15
3.07
12
20.53
2
6.95
2
14.80
42
2.51
7
3.01
1612
2.34
1
5.90
1
6.80
8
2.63
4
3.60
1
3.60
Seringa
N length (cm)
2
8.90
7
2.67
15
3.49
1
14.20
5
4.52
89
4.88
16
2.91
1
9.90
2
6.75
3
13.07
27
2.04
5
7.46
1
2.20
1
2.00
3
2.00
3
2.13
3
1.97
59
3.25
1
4.80
11
3.52
8
4.05
Tacaca
N length (cm)
1
7.50
9
3.22
162
3.02
1
15.80
1
3.30
1
3.90
69
7.20
40
2.12
3
6.43
61
2.46
116
3.97
1
14.10
780
1.97
24
3.03
2
15.45
1
5.50
8
2.06
2
3.10
58
2.39
1
3.80
6
5.67
170
4.03
12
3.28
8
3.03
Urucurana
N length (cm)
35
8.34
3
4.03
34
2.81
3
3.00
2
12.55
1
14.00
2
2.45
5
11.22
37
7.18
2
2.90
16
7.56
1
9.70
1
3.50
2
12.40
2
6.10
1
1.80
21
3.01
1
3.20
1
13.60
11
5.10
1
7.00
3
3.20
1
5.50
1
22.10
1
19.80
1
9.50
21
4.53
20
4.60
1
14.00
1
11.50
1
13.30
5
9.06
Jacareuba
N length (cm)
1.0
7.70
256.0
1.50
2.0
2.90
4.0
23.05
4.0
7.60
5.0
4.42
1.0
9.00
4.0
2.50
12.0
13.87
1.0
13.50
2.0
2.45
6.0
2.67
1.0
11.20
4.0
5.33
1.0
27.00
1.0
9.10
Taxizal
N length (cm)
3
16.70
16
10.62
1
8.00
3
17.07
2
11.65
39
2.23
95
3.75
41
2.92
3
10.03
1
30.50
16
12.31
15
14.55
32
11.89
179
10.71
47
4.08
27
8.23
1047
4.16
6
11.80
7
3.96
12
4.77
1
1.90
64
2.24
30
10.12
2
15.40
13
14.63
3
2.60
1
8.00
3
11.50
11
9.23
35
29.09
9
7.54
1
2.30
4
5.45
187
2.88
43
6.87
4
3.10
3
8.13
2951
2.88
4
27.30
1
18.10
1
10.50
1
9.00
1
18.70
111
14.72
1
11.20
359
7.15
1
10.10
12
11.84
1
11.60
1
12.70
13
6.09
283
3.71
71
10.46
1.
2.
3.
Colwell RK: EstimateS: Statistical estimation of specie srichness and shared
species from samples. Version 9. User's guide and application:
http://purl.oclc.org/estimates; 2013.
Colwell RK, Chao A, Gotelli NJ, Lin S-Y, Mao CX, Chazdon RL, Longino JT:
Models and estimators linking individual-based and sample-based rarefaction,
extrapolation and comparison of assemblages. Journal of Plant Ecology 2012, 5:321.
Hurlbert SH: The non-concept of species diversity: a critique and alternative
parameters. Ecology 1971, 52:577-586.