Nōmen: ___________________________
Latī na IIa
Diēs: ___________________________
R: _____
Term 2, Units 1: GERUNDS
STATIM: Gerund Review

A gerund is part ___________, which means it expresses an action, and it is part
___________ which means it has case (most commonly, genitive, accusative and
ablative).

English expresses gerunds with the 3 letters___________. We also have to be careful to
translate according to case. For example, CURRENDŌ translates to ___________.

Gerunds also can appear in phrases; for example, the phrase causā SCĪ TANDĪ
translates to ______________________.
Gerunds = Present stem + -nd + 2nd decl. neuter endings
Decline the following gerund for currō, currere in Latin:
Latin Form
GEN
ACC
Example
The hope of running excited Atalanta..
ad
Atlanta went to the track for the purpose of
running.
ABL
The suitors hope to win Atalanta’s heart by
running swiftly.

The ACCUSATIVE form of the gerund is almost always preceded by the preposition
‘ad’. When this happens, the translation for the gerund prepositional phrase is

The GENITIVE form of the gerund is often preceded by the prepositions causā or
gratiā. When this happens, the translation for the gerund prepositional phrase is
Decline the following gerund for audiō, audī re and translate
Latin Form
GEN
ACC
ABL
EXERCITĀTIO
ad
Example
Nōmen: ___________________________
Latī na IIa
Diēs: ___________________________
R: _____
1. vēlox quae fātum timet in silvī s atrī s ad venandum vī vit.
[venōr, -ārī , ātus sum to hunt]
Gerund Phrase in Latin
Gerund Phrase
(Translated)
Whole Sentence
Translation
2. fugiēndī causā haec silvārum latebrī s gaudēbat.
[latebra, -ae, f. hiding place, retrea; gaudeō, -ērī , gāuī sis to enjoy, rejoice (in + ABL)]
Gerund Phrase in Latin
Gerund Phrase
(Translated)
Whole Sentence
Translation
3. turba procōrum āversatōrum superāndī gratiā currere cupit.
[aversōr, -ārī , ātus sum to reject, turn away]
Gerund Phrase in Latin
Gerund Phrase
(Translated)
Whole Sentence
Translation
PENSVM
Decline scī tor, -ārī , -ātus sum as a gerund. INCLUDE OTHER LATIN WORDS if necessary to
complete the idea.
Latin Form
Example
Nōmen: ___________________________
Latī na IIa
Diēs: ___________________________
GEN
ACC
causā/gratiā
ad
ABL
R: _____
for the sake of asking
for the purpose of asking
by asking
Translate the following short sentences:
1. ad superandum procī contendent.
____________________________________________________________
2. causā āversandī illa in silvī s vī vit.
____________________________________________________________
3. gratiā sciēndī ad orāculum vēnit.
____________________________________________________________
Explain 2 ways of recognize a gerund in Latin.
Explain how to translate a gerund into English.
Nōmen: ___________________________
Diēs: ___________________________
Latī na IIa
R: _____
STATIM
Rewrite the underlined portion of the following translations in more natural English.
haec ad orāculum vēnit SCĪ TANDĪ dē coniuge causā
She came to the orace for the sake of asking about a husband...
...........................................................................................................................................................
nisi superāta prius erō CURRENDŌ
...unless first I am beaten in running.
...........................................................................................................................................................
MEDITATIO: Translating Gerunds and Gerund Phrases
Annotate & translate the following sentences. Then, identify the gerund or gerund phrase, and
retranslate without an English gerund.
e.g.
fugiendō coniugem inveniēs.
You will find a husband by fleeing. ‘fugiendo’ “in flight, escape”
i.
in silvī s vivendō Atalanta coiugem vitāre sperābat.
ii.
‘effugiendī grātiā in nemōre habitābō.’
iii.
ars currendī Atalantam servāre poterat.
iv.
superandō procus coniugem sumet.
v.
eī instandī causā procus dī xit.
vi.
ille procus moriendō pretium dedit.
NOTES
ad [gerund]um
[gerund]ī causā
[gerund]ī grātiā
These are all ways of expressing _______________________________.
English often uses ____________________ to express the same idea,
e.g. Atalanta visited the oracle (in order) to ask about a husband.
Nōmen: ___________________________
Latī na IIa
Diēs: ___________________________
R: _____
ATALANTA PART II or “Cat-astrophe” or “The Lion Fling” or “Fervent Preyers”
Among the spectators at the race, Hippomenes mocked the competitors at first, blaming the young men for an excess of
passion. But when he saw Atalanta, he recanted and fell deeply in love as she sped past. Undeterred, even after the
losers in the race paid with their lives, Hippomenes challenged the beautiful maiden. In reply, Atalanta, flustered by the
handsome youth and inexperienced at love, tried to scare him off but professed her desire at the same time.
The race is on. Hippomenes prays fervently to Venus, who hears his pleas and appears to him alone, bearing three
golden apples and instructions on how to use them. As the two race, the infatuated Atalanta toys with her competition,
letting him pass her to gaze at him, but each time she does, the youth throws an apple, prompting the maiden to stray
from the course and collect it. In this way Hippomenes won the race and the hand of Atalanta.
1
Meanwhile Venus witnessed these events and observed:
‘digna sum grātiī s. nec grātiās ēgit nec mihi tūra dedit. grātiā neglectā, vertor in ī ram,
2
contemptū dolens. mē ipsa, nūmine laesō, exhortor in ambōs:
3
Matris deōrum templa, nemorōsī s abdita silvī s, transī bant et hī c, membrī s fatī gātī s,
4
requiētem habuēre. statim, nūmine meō concī tante, intempestī va cupī do cum coniuge
5
concumbendī occupat Hippomenen.
6
simulācra deōrum posuerant. haec, duobus ingressī s, temerāta probrō vetitō est. prī mō
7
Matre mergendō in undā mortem dubitante, poena levior visa est; ergo fulvae colla iubae
8
vēlant, digitī curvantur in unguēs.
prope templa erat spelunca, in quā sacerdotēs
in pectora, lacertī s in armōs vertentibus, totum
pondus it...
and their tails sweep the sands. From their fierce faces roars sound in place of speech and live
their married life in the forests, fearsome to all but to the Mother herself, for whom they are
tame.
abdō, -ere, -didī , -ditus conceal
ambō, ambae, ambo both
armus, -ī , m. foreleg
concī tō (1) stir up, excite
concumbō, -ere lie with
contemptus, -ūs, m. contempt, scorn
cupī dō, -inis, f. desire, wish, eagerness
dignus, -a, -um worth (of) [w.abl.]
doleō, -ēre, -uī , -itus suffer pain, be in pain
dubitō (1) consider
fatī gō (1) weary, tire, fatigue; vex, harass
fulvus, -a, -um reddish yellow, golden, tawny
hī c here
intempestī vus, -a, -um untimely, inopportune
iuba, -ae, f. mane
laedō, -ere, -sī , -sus hurt, wound, injure, damage
mergō, -ere dip; submerge, drown
neglegō, -ere, -lexī , -lectus slight, neglect
nemorōsus, -a, -um woody; bushy, shady
pondus, ponderis, n. weight
probrum, -ī , n. shameful deed
simulācrum, -ī , n. likeness, figure, statue
spelunca, -ae, f. cave
temerō (1) defile, pollute, profane
transeō, -ī re, -iī , -itum go over or across, pass by
tūs, tūris, n. incense
vēlō (1) cover (up), envelop
vetō, -are, -uī , -itus forbid
TRANSLATION
1.
5
Nōmen: ___________________________
Diēs: ___________________________
Latī na IIa
R: _____
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
6