ANDHRA UNIVERSITY: VISAKHAPATNAM
SYLLABUS IN PHYSICS OF ALL UNIVERSITIES IN
ANDHRA PRADESH STATE
(w.e. f 2015-2016)
BOARD OF STUDIES IN PHYSICS
Minutes of the Chairpersons, BOS in Physics on June 3rd &4th, 2015
The Chairpersons. Board of Studies in Physics of SVU, ANU, SKU, YVU University are met on
3rd & 4th June, 2015 at 10.00 a.m.to 5.00 p.m. along with the University Administration in the
Senate Room, A.D. Building, SV University,Tirupati to finalise the syllabi of the Physics as per
State Council of Higher Education/ UGC model curriculum at Under Graduate level.
Members Present
1. Dr.Smt. V.Padmavathi
SPW College, Tirupati
BOS –SV University Tirupati
2. Dr.S.Lakshmi Reddy
SV Degree College, Kadapa
BOS- YV University, Kadapa
3. Dr. Y.Gourisankar
Hindu College, Guntur
BOS-Acharya Nagarjuna University-Guntur
4. Dr. M.Ravi Kumar
KSN Govt. Degree College
for Women, Anantapur
BOS – SK University, Anantapur
The following resolutions are passed.
1) It is resolved to follow the Common core syllabus for all the six semesters of eight
papers (Theory) and six practical papers in Six semesters for all the Universities in the
state.
2) The Committee thoroughly discussed the syllabi proposed by UGC/APSCHE in its
Model curriculum and accordingly framed syllabi for eight papers of B.Sc. Physics.
3) The following eight papers are proposed for the 3 years B.Sc. Physics in Choice Based
Credit System (CBCS).
First Semester
Paper I : Mechanics & Properties of Matter
Practical I (Lab-1)
Second Semester
Paper II: Waves & Oscillations
Practical 2 (Lab2)
Third Semester
Paper III: Wave Optics
Practical 3.(Lab 3)
Fourth Semester
Paper IV: Thermodynamics & Radiation Physics
Practical 4.(Lab 4)
Fifth Semester
Paper V:
Electricity & Magnetism
Paper VI
Atomic Physics & Quantum mechanics
Practical 5. (Lab 5)
Sixth Semester
PaperVII :
Digital and Analog Electronics
Paper VIII
Nuclear physics & Solid State Physics
Practical 6.(Lab 6)
NOTE: Problems should be solved at the end of every chapter of all Units.
4. Each theory paper is of 100 marks and practical paper is also of 100 marks.
Each theory paper is 75 marks university exam (external) + 25 marks internal
Each practical paper is 75 marks external + 25 marks internal
5. The teaching work load per week for semesters I to VI is 4 hours per paper for theory
and 3 hours for all lab practical is same.
6. The duration of the examination for each theory paper is 3.00 hrs.
7. The duration of each practical examination is 3 hrs with 75 marks, which are to be
distributed as: 50 marks for experiment
15 marks for viva
10 marks for record
Practicals
75marks
Formula & Explanation
10
Tabular form +graph +circuit diagram
10
Observation
20
Calculation, graph, precautions & Result
10
Viva-Voc
15
Record
10
***NOTE: Practical syllabus is same for both Mathematics and Non Mathematics
combinations
B.Sc. (Physics) (Maths Combinations)
Scheme of instruction and examination to be followed w.e.f. 2015-2016
S.No
Semester
1
First
2
3
Second
Third
4
Fourth
5
Fifth
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
Sixth
First
Second
Third
Fourth
Fifth
Sixth
Title of the paper
Thoery
Paper I : Mechanics & Properties of
Matter
Paper II: Waves & Oscillations
Paper III: Wave Optics
Paper IV: Thermodynamics &
Radiation Physics
Paper V: Electricity & Magnetism
Paper VI: Atomic Physics &
Quantum mechanics
PaperVII : Digital and Analog
Electronics
Paper VIII: Nuclear physics &
Solid State Physics
Practical
Practical 1
Practical II
Practical III
Practical IV
Practical V
Practical VI
Instruction Duration o f Max
Hrs/week exam (hrs)
Marks
(external)
4
3
75
4
4
3
3
75
75
4
3
75
4
3
75
4
3
75
4
3
75
4
3
75
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
75
75
75
75
75
75
Model question Paper for all theory papers
Time: 3 hrs
Max marks: 75
Section A
Answer any five out of 8 questions
Marks: 5 x3 = 15
Section B
Answer All questions with internal choice from all units (I to V)
Marks : 5 x 12 =60
**** At least three problems must be included each with a weightage of 5 marks
SEMESTER PATTERN UNDER CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM
COMMON CORE SYLLUBUS
B.Sc. 1st Semester Physics
Paper I: Mechanics & Properties of Matter
(For Maths Combinations)
Work load:60 hrs per semester
4 hrs/week
UNIT I (16 hrs)
1. Vector Analysis
: 8 hrs
Scalar and vector fields, gradient of a scalar field and its physical significance. Divergence
and curl of a vector field with derivations and physical interpretation. Vector integration
(line, surface and volume), State and proof of Gauss and Stokes theorem.
UNIT II
2. Mechanics of particles
:10 hrs
Laws of motion, motion of variable mass system, motion of a rocket. Conservation of
energy and momentum. Collisions in two and three dimensions. Concept of impact
parameter, scattering cross-section. Rutherford scattering-derivation.
UNIT III (16 hrs)
3. Mechanics of Rigid bodies
: 10 hrs
Definition of rigid body, rotational kinematic relations, equation of motion for a rotating
body, angular momentum. Euler equation, precession of a top. Gyroscope, precession of the
equinoxes.
4. Mechanics of continuous media :6 hrs
Elastic constants of isotropic solids and their relation, Poisson's ratio and expression for
Poisson's ratio in terms of y, n, k. Classification of beams, types of bending, point load,
distributed load, shearing force and bending moment, sign conventions.
UNIT IV (10Hrs)
5. Central forces
: 12 hrs
Central forces, definition and examples, conservative nature of central forces, conservative
force as a negative gradient of potential energy, equation of motion under a central force.
Derivation of Kepler’s laws. Motion of satellites.
UNIT V (12 hrs)
6. Special theory of relativity
: 12 hrs
Galilean relativity, absolute frames. Michelson-Morley experiment, negative result.
Postulates of special theory of relativity. Lorentz transformation, time dilation, length
contraction, addition of velocities, mass-energy relation. Concept of four-vector formalism.
Reference Books:
1. BSc Physics -Telugu Akademy, Hyderabad
2. Mechanics - D.S. Mathur, Sulthan Chand & Co, New Delhi
3. Mechanics - J.C. Upadhyaya, Ramprasad & Co., Agra
4. Properties of Matter - D.S. Mathur, S.Chand & Co, New Delhi ,11th Edn., 2000
5. Physics Vol. I - Resnick-Halliday-Krane ,Wiley, 2001
6. Properties of Matter - Brijlal& Subrmanyam ,S.Chand &Co. 1982
7. Dynamics of Particles and Rigid bodies– Anil Rao, Cambridge Univ Press, 2006
8. Mechanics-EM Purcell, Mc Graw Hill
9. University Physics-FW Sears, MW Zemansky & HD Young, Narosa Publications, Delhi
10. College Physics-I. T. Bhimasankaram and G. Prasad. Himalaya Publishing House.
11. S.G.Venkatachalapathy, Mechanics, Margham Publication, 2003.
Practical paper 1: Mechanics
Work load: 30 hrs per semester
3 hrs/week
Minimum of 8 experiments to be done and recorded
1. Volume resonator
2. Viscosity of liquid by the flow method (Poiseuille’s method)
3. Young’s modulus material a rod by uniform bending
4. Young’s modulus material a rod by non- uniform bending
5. Surface tension of a liquid by the method of drops
6. Surface tension of a liquid by capillary rise method
7. Determination of radius of capillary tube by Hg thread method
8. Viscosity of liquid by logarithmic decrement method
9. Bifilar suspension –moment of inertia.
10. Rigidity modulus of material of a wire-dynamic method (torsional pendulum)
11. Fly-wheel
12. Determination of Y of bar –cantilever.
Paper II: Waves & Oscillations
(For Maths Combinations)
II SEMESTER
Work load: 60 hrs per semester
4 hrs/week
UNIT I
1. Simple Harmonic oscillations :12 hrs
Simple harmonic oscillator and solution of the differential equation-Physical characteristics
of SHM, torsion pendulum-measurements of rigidity modulus, compound pendulummeasurement of ‘g’, combination of two mutually perpendicular simple harmonic vibrations
of same frequency and different frequencies. Lissajous figures.
UNIT II
2. Damped and forced oscillations
:12 hrs
Damped harmonic oscillator, solution of the differential equation of damped oscillator.
Energy considerations, comparison with un-damped harmonic oscillator, logarithmic
decrement, relaxation time, quality factor, differential equation of forced oscillator and its
solution, amplitude resonance and velocity resonance.
UNIT III
3. Complex vibrations
: 10 hrs
Fourier theorem and evaluation of the Fourier coefficients, analysis of periodic wave
functions-square wave, triangular wave, saw tooth wave
UNIT IV
4. Vibrating strings
:8 hrs
Transverse wave propagation along a stretched string, general solution of wave equation and
its significance, modes of vibration of stretched string clamped at ends, overtones, energy
transport and transverse impedance.
5. Vibrations of bars
:9 hrs
Longitudinal vibrations in bars-wave equation and its general solution. Special cases i) bar
fixed at both ends ii) bar fixed at the mid point iii) bar free at both ends iv) bar fixed at one
end. Tuning fork.
UNIT V
6. Ultrasonics
:9 hrs
Ultrasonics, properties of ultrasonic waves, production of ultrasonics by piezoelectric and
magnetostriction methods, detection of ultrasonics, determination of wavelength of
ultrasonic waves. Applications of ultrasonic waves.
Reference Books:
1. BSc Physics -Telugu Akademy, Hyderabad
2. First Year Physics - Telugu Academy.
3. Fundamentals of Physics. Halliday/Resnick/Walker ,Wiley India Edition 2007.
4.
Waves and Oscillations. S. Badami, V. Balasubramanian and K. Rama Reddy Orient
Longman.
5. Mechanics of Particles, Waves and Oscillations. Anwar Kamal, New Age International.
6. College Physics-I. T. Bhimasankaram and G. Prasad. Himalaya Publishing House.
7. Introduction to Physics for Scientists and Engineers. F.J. Ruche. McGraw Hill.
8. Waves and Oscillations. N. Subramaniyam and Brijlal Vikas Publishing House Private
Limited.
9. Unified Physics Vol.I Mechanics, Waves and Oscillations – Jai Prakash Nath & Co.Ltd.
10. Meerut.
11. Science and Technology of Ultrasonics- Bladevraj, Narosa, New Delhi,2004
Practical Paper 2: Waves & Oscillations
Work load:30 hrs per semester
3 hrs/week
Minimum of 8 experiments to be done and recorded
1. Determination of ‘g’ by compound/bar pendulum
2. Simple pendulum normal distribution of errors-estimation of time period and the error of
the mean by statistical analysis
3. Determination of the force constant by static and dynamic method and evaluation of ‘g’.
4. Determination of the elastic constants of the material of a flat spiral spring.
5. Determination of moment of inertia of a cylindrical rod -bifilar suspension
6. Coupled oscillators
7. Verification of laws of vibrations of stretched string –sonometer
8. Determination of velocity of transverse wave along a stretched string-sonometer
9. Determination of frequency of a bar –Melde’s experiment.
10. Study of a damped oscillation using the torsional pendulum immersed in liquid-decay
constant and damping correction of the amplitude.
11. Searls viscometer
12. Lissajous figures-CRO
Paper III: Wave Optics
(For Maths Combinations)
III SEMESTER
Work load: 60 hrs per semester
4 hrs/week
UNIT I
1. Aberrations: 7 hrs
Introduction – monochromatic aberrations, spherical aberration, methods of minimizing
spherical aberration, coma, astigmatism and curvature of field, distortion. Chromatic
aberration-the achromatic doublet. Removal of chromatic aberration of a separated doublet.
UNIT II
2. Interference :14 hrs
Principle of superposition-coherence-temporal coherence and spatial coherence-conditions
for interference of light.
Fresnel’s biprism-determination of wavelength of light.Determination of thickness of a
transparent material using biprism –change of phase on reflection-Lloyd’s mirror
experiment.
Oblique incidence of a plane wave on a thin film due to reflected and transmitted light
(cosine law) –colors of thin films-Non reflecting films-interference by a plane parallel film
illuminated by a point source- Interference by a film with two non-parallel reflecting
surfaces (Wedge shaped film). Determination of diameter of wire, Newton’s rings in
reflected light. Determination of wavelength of monochromatic light, Michelson
interferometer-types of fringes. Determination of wavelength of monochromatic light,
Difference in wavelength of sodium D1, D2 lines and thickness of a thin transparent plate.
UNIT III
3. Diffraction:12 hrs
Introduction ,distinction between Fresnel and Fraunhoffer diffraction, Fraunhoffer
diffraction –Diffraction due to single slit and circular aperture-Limit of resolutionFraunhoffer diffraction due to doublet slit-Fraunhoffer diffraction pattern with N slits
(diffraction grating).Resolving power of grating-Determination of wavelength of light in
normal and oblique incidence methods using diffraction grating.
Fresnel’s half period zones-area of the half period zones-zone plate-comparison of zone
plate with convex lens-phase reversal zone plate-diffraction at a straight edge-difference
between interference and diffraction.
UNIT IV
4. Polarisation: 10 hrs
Polarized light: methods of polarization polarization by reflection, refraction, double
refraction, selective absorption, scattering of light-Brewster’s law-Mauls law-Nicol prism
polarizer and analyzer-Quarter wave plate, Half wave plate-optical activity, analysis of light
by Laurent’s half shade polarimeter-Babinet’s compensator.
UNIT V
5. Lasers and Holography: 10 hrs
Lasers: introduction, spontaneous emission-stimulated emission-population inversion. Laser
principle-Einstein coefficients-Types of lasers-He-Ne laser-ruby laser-applications of lasers.
Holography: Basic principle of holography-Gabor hologram and its limitations, holography
applications.
6.
Fiber Optics: 7 hrs
Introduction- different types of fibers, rays and modes in an optical fiber, fiber material,
principles of fiber communication (qualitative treatment only), advantages of fiber optic
communication.
Reference Books:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
II BSc Physics -Telugu Akademy, Hyderabad
Fundamentals of Physics. Halliday/Resnick/Walker.C. Wiley India Edition 2007
Optics – FA Jenkins and HG White, Mc Graw-Hill
A Text Book of Optics-N Subramanyam, L Brijlal, S.Chand & Co.
Principles of Optics- BK Mathur, Gopala Printing Press, 1995
Unified Physics Vol.II Optics & Thermodynamics – Jai Prakash Nath & Co.Ltd., Meerut
Introduction of Lasers – Avadhanlu, S.Chand & Co.
Fundamentals of Optics, H.R. Gulati and D.R. Khanna, 1991, R. Chand Publication
Practical Paper III: Wave Optics
Work load:30 hrs
3 hrs/week
Minimum of 8 experiments to be done and recorded
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Determination of radius of curvature of a given convex lens-Newton’s rings.
Resolving power of grating.
Study of optical rotation –polarimeter.
Dispersive power of a prism.
Determination of wavelength of light using diffraction grating minimum deviation method.
Wavelength of light using diffraction grating-normal incidence method.
Resolving power of a telescope.
Refractive index of a liquid-hallow prism
Determination of thickness of a thin fiber by wedge method
Measurement of intensity using photosensor and laser in diffraction patterns of single and
double slits.
11. Spectrometer- i-d curve.
12. Determination of refractive index of liquid-Boy’s method.
13. Determination of wavelength-Hartman formula (prism)
14. Determination of wavelength-Hartman dispersion formula (Grating)
15. Determination of wavelength of laser –diffraction grating
Paper IV: Thermodynamics &Radiation Physics
(For Maths Combinations)
IV SEMESTER
Work load:60 hrs per semester
4 hrs/week
UNIT I
1. Kinetic theory of gases
11 hrs
Introduction –Deduction of Maxwell’s law of distribution of molecular speeds, experimental
verification. Toothed wheel experiment. Transport phenomena-Viscosity of gases-thermal
conductivity-diffusion of gases.
UNIT II
2. Thermodynamics
14 hrs
Introduction Isothermal and adiabatic process- general relation between two specific heats –
Isothermal and adiabatic process- Reversible and irreversible processes-Carnnot’s engine
and its efficiency-Carnot’s theorem-Second law of thermodynamics. Kelvin’s and Claussius
statements-Thermodynamic scale of temperature-Entropy, physical significance –Change in
entropy in reversible and irreversible processes-Entropy and disorder-Entropy of UniverseTemperature-Entropy (T-S) diagram-Change of entropy of a perfect gas change of entropy
when ice changes into steam.
UNIT III
3. Thermodynamic potentials and Maxwell’s equations
11 hrs
Thermodynamic potentials-Derivation of Maxwell’s thermodynamic relations-ClausiusClayperon’s equation-Derivation for ratio of specific heats-Derivation for difference of two
specific heats for perfect gas. Joule Kelvin effect-expression for Joule Kelvin coefficient for
perfect and Vanderwaal’s gas.
UNIT IV
4. Low temperature Physics
10 hrs.
Introduction-Joule Kelvin effect-liquefaction of gas using porous plug experiment Joule
expansion-Distinction between adiabatic and Joule Thomson expansion-Expression for Joule
Thomson cooling-Liquifactin of helium, Kapitza’s method-Adiabatic demagnetizationapplicatins of substances at low-temperature-effects of chloro and flouro carbons on ozone
layer.
UNIT V
5. Quantum theory of radiation
14 hrs
Blackbody-Ferry’s black body-distribution of energy in the spectrum of black body-Wein’s
displacement law,Wein’s law, Rayleigh-Jean’s law-Quantum theory of radiation-Planck’s
law-Measurement of radiation-Types of pyrometers-Disappearing filament optical
pyrometer-experimental determination-Angstron pyroheliometer-determination of solar
constant, effective temperature of Sun.
Reference Books:
1. BSc Physics -Telugu Akademy, Hyderabad
2. Fundamentals of Physics. Halliday/Resnick/Walker.C. Wiley India Edition 2007
3. Text Book of +3 Physics – Samal, Mishra & Mohanty, National Library, Min.of Culture,
Govt of India
4. Heat and Thermodynamics- MS Yadav, Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd, 2000
5. University Physics, HD Young, MW Zemansky,FW Sears, Narosa Publishers, New Delhi
6. Unified Physics Vol.II Optics & Thermodynamics – Jai Prakash Nath & Co.Ltd., Meerut
7. Heat, Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics-N Brij Lal, P Subrahmanyam, PS Hemne,
S.Chand & Co.,2012
8. Thermodynamics - R.C. Srivastava, Subit K. Saha & Abhay K. Jain Eastern Economy
Edition.
Practical Paper IV: Thermodynamics
Work load:30 hrs
3 hrs/week
Minimum of 8 experiments to be done and recorded
1. Specific heat of a liquid –Joule’s calorimeter –Barton’s radiation correction
2. Thermal conductivity of bad conductor-Lee’s method
3. Thermal conductivity of rubber.
4. Measurement of Stefan’s constant.
5. Specific heat of a liquid by applying Newton’s law of cooling correction.
6. Heating efficiency of electrical kettle with varying voltages.
7. Mechanical equivalent of heat
8. Thermo emf- thermo couple potentiometer
9. Coefficient of thermal conductivity of copper- Searle’s apparatus.
10. Thermal behaviour of a electric bulb (filament/torch light bulb)
11. Measurement of Stefan’s constant- emissive method
12. Temperature variation of resistance- thermister.
Paper V
Electricity & Magnetism
(For Maths Combinations)
V Semester
Work load: 60 hrs per semester
4 hrs/week
UNIT I
1.Electric field and potential: 10
Gauss’s law statement and its proof- applications due to (1) Uniformly charged sphere (2)
an infinite conducting sheet of charge and (3) charged cylinder. Electrical potential –
equipotential surfaces- potential due to i) a point charge, ii)charged spherical shell and
uniformly charged circular disc. An electric field strength due to an electric dipole.
UNIT II
2. Capacitance and dielectrics : 12 hrs
Derivation of expression for capacity due to (i) a parallel plate capacitor (ii) a spherical
capacitor, dielectrics- effect of dielectric on dielectrics on condenser, energy stored in a
capacitor, electric capacitance. Electric dipole moment and molecuoar polarizability-electric
displacement D electric polarization P – relation between D,E and P- boundary conditions at
a surface.
UNIT III
3. Moving charges in electric and magnetic field: 6 hrs
Hall effect, cyclotron, synchrocycotron and synchrotron-force on a current carrying
conductor placed in a magnetic field, fore and torque on a current loop, Biot-Savart’s law
and calculation of B due to long straight wire, a circular current loop and solenoid.
4. Electromagnetic induction.
11 hrs
Faraday’s law-Lenz’s law-expression for induced emf-time varying magnetic field Betatron
–ballistic galvanometer-theory-damping correction, self and mutual inductance, coefficient
of coupling ,calculation of self inductance of a long solenoid, toroid, energy stored in
magnetic field ,transformer, construction working , energy losses and efficiency.
UNIT IV
5. Varying and alternating currents
:11 hrs
Growth and decay of currents in LR,CR and LCR circuits-critical damping, alternating
current relation between current and voltage in pure R,C and L ,vector diagrams, power in ac
circuits, LCR series and parallel resonant circuit, q-factor.
UNIT V
6. Maxwell’s equations and electromagnetic waves: 10 hrs
A review of basic laws of electricity and magnetism-displacement current. Maxwell’s
equations in differential form, Maxwell’s wave equation, plane electromagnetic waves.
Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves. Poynting theorem, production of
electromagnetic waves (Hertz experiment).
Textbooks
1. Modern Physics by R. Murugeshan and Kiruthiga Siva Prasath – S. Chand & Co. for
semi conductor & Digital Principles)
2. Fundamentals of Physics- Halliday/Resnick/Walker - Wiley India Edition 2007.
3. Berkeley Physics Course – Vol. II - Electricity and Magnetism – Edward M Purcell –The
McGraw-Hill Companies.
4. Electricity and Magnetism – D.N. Vasudeva. S. Chand & Co.
5. Electronic devices and circuits – Millman and Halkias. Mc.Graw-Hill Education.
6. Electricity and Magnetism Brijlal and Subramanyam. Ratan Prakashan Mandir.
7. Digital Principles and Applications by A.P. Malvino and D.P. Leach. McGraw Hill
Education.
8. Unified Physics Vol.3 – S.L. Gupta and Sanjeev Gupta – Jai Prakasah Nath & CoMeerut.
Paper VI
Atomic Physics & Quantum Mechanics
(For Maths Combinations)
V Semester
Work load: 60 hrs per semester
4 hrs/week
UNIT I
1. Atomic physics
12 hrs
Introduction –drawbacks of Bohr’s atomic model-Sommerfield’s elliptical orbitsrelativistic correction (no derivation). Stern and Gerlach experiment-Vector atom model
and quantum numbers associated with it. L-S and j-j coupling schemes. Zeeman effect.
UNIT II
2. Atoms in External Magnetic Fields:
8 hrs
Normal and Anomalous Zeeman Effect. Pauli’s Exclusion Principle. Symmetric and
Antisymmetric Wave Functions. Periodic table. Fine structure. Spin orbit coupling. Spectral
Notations for Atomic States. Total Angular Momentum. Vector Model. Spin-orbit coupling
in atoms-L-S and J-J couplings.
3. Molecular Spectroscopy
5 hrs.
Raman effect, hypothesis, classical theory of Raman effect. Experimental arrangement for
Raman effect and its application.
UNIT III
4. Matter waves
12 hrs.
de Broglie’s hypothesis-wavelength of matter waves, properties of matter waves. Phase
and group velocities- Davisson and Germer experiment-double slit experiment. Standing
de Broglie waves of electron in Bohr orbits.
UNIT IV
5. Uncertanity Principle
11 hrs.
Heisenberg’s uncertainity principle for position and momentumfor (x and p), energy and
time (E and t). Gamma ray microscope. Diffraction by a single slit, position of electron in
Bohr orbit. Particle in a box, complementary principle of Bohr.
UNIT V
6. Quantum wave mechanics
12 hrs
Basic postulates of quantum mechanics Schrodinger time independent and time dependent
wave equations-derivates
wave function properties-significance. Application of
Schrodinger wave equation to particle in one dimensional infinite box.
Textbooks
1. Modern Physics by G. Aruldhas & P. Rajagopal. Eastern Economy Edition.
2. Concepts of Modern Physics by Arthur Beiser. Tata McGraw-Hill Edition.
3. Modern Physics by R. Murugeshan and Kiruthiga Siva Prasath. S. Chand & Co.
4. Nuclear Physics by D.C. Tayal, Himalaya Publishing House.
5. Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy by G. Aruldhas. Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.
6. Spectroscopy –Atomic and Molecular by Gurdeep R Chatwal and Shyam Anand – Himalaya
Publishing House.
7. Third Year Physics - Telugu Academy.
Elements of Solid State Physics by J.P. Srivastava. (for chapter on nanomaterials)Prentice-hall of India Pvt. Ltd
Practical Paper V:
Work load:30 hrs
Minimum of 8 experiments to be done and recorded
3 hrs/week
1. Carey Foster’s bridge-temperature coefficient of resistance.
2. Internal resistance of a cell by potentiometer.
3. Figure of merit of a moving coil galvonometer.
4. Voltage sensitivity of a moving coil galvnometer
5. RC Circuit –Frequency response.
6. LR circuit-frequency response.
7. LCR circuit series/parallel resonance, Q factor.
8. Power factor of an A.C. circuit.
9. Determination of ac-frequency –sonometer.
10. Conversion of galvanometer into ammeter.
11. e/m of an electron by-Thomson model
12. Energy gap of semiconductor using a junction diode.
13. Phase shift oscillator.
14. Hysteresis curve of transformer core.
15. Verification of Kirchoff’s laws and maximum power transfer theorem.
16. Field along the axis of a circular coil carrying current.
17. Conversion of galvanometer into voltmeter.
Paper VII : Digital and Analog Electronics
(For Maths Combinations)
VI SEMESTER
Work load: 60 hrs per semester
4 hrs/week
UNIT I
1.Basic electronics: 14 hrs
Formation of electron energy bands in solids, classification of solids in terms of forbidden
energy gap, intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors. Fermi level,continuity equation. P-n
juction diode,zenor diode characteristics, static and dynamic resistance and its application as
voltage regulator. Half-wave and full wave rectifiers and filters, ripple factor (quantitative)
–pnp and npn transistors, current components in transistors, CB,CE and CC configurationstransistor hybrid parameters, determination of hybrid parameters from transistor (CE)
characteristics. Current gains α and β- Relations between α and β.
UNIT II
2. Power supplies 10 hrs
Power Supply: Half-wave Rectifiers. Centre-tapped and Bridge Full-wave RectifiersCalculation of Ripple Factor and Rectification Efficiency, Basic idea about capacitorfilter,
Zener Diode and Voltage Regulation
UNIT III
3. Digital principles: 10 hrs
Differences between analog and digital circuits-Binary number system, converting Binary to
Decimal and vice versa. Binary addition and substraction (1’s and 2’s complement
methods).
UNIT IV 12 hrs
4. Logic Gates
Logic gates: OR,AND,NOT gates, truth tables, realization of these gates using discrete
components. NAND, NOR as universal gates, exclusive-OR gate, De Morgan’s Lawsstatement and proof, Half and Full adders, Parallel adder circuits.
UNIT V
5. Operational Amplifiers : 14 hrs
Characteristics of an Ideal and Practical Op-Amp (IC 741), Open-loop& Closed-loop Gain.
CMRR, concept of Virtual ground. Applications of Op-Amps: (1) Inverting and Noninverting Amplifiers, (2) Adder, (3) Subtractor, (4) Differentiator, (5) Integrator,(6) Zero
Crossing Detector.
Textbooks
1. Third Year Physics - Telugu Academy.
2. Unified electronics Vol IIIElectronic Circuits & Digital Electronics, Agarwal & Agarwal,
A.S.Prakashan, Meerut.
3. Digital and analog systems cicuits and Devices: An Introduction, Belov Schilling, Mc
GrawHill International Edition.
Paper VIII: Nuclear physics & Solid State Physics
(For Maths Combinations)
VI SEMESTER
Work load: 60 hrs per semester
4 hrs/week
UNIT I
1. Crystal Structure: 10 hrs
Amorphous and Crystalline Materials. Unit Cell. Miller Indices. Reciprocal Lattice. Types
of Lattices. Diffraction of X-rays by Crystals. Bragg’s Law. Experimental techniques,
Laue’s method and powder diffraction method.
UNIT II
2. Magnetic Properties of Matter: 10 hrs
Dia-, Para-, Ferri- and Ferromagnetic Materials. Classical Langevin Theory of
Paramagnetism Curie’s law, Weiss’s Theory of Ferromagnetism and Ferromagnetic
Domains.
UNIT III
3. Superconductivity: 8 hrs
Experimental Results. Critical Temperature. Critical magnetic field. BCS theory
(elementaty ideas only) Meissner effect. Type I and type II Superconductors, London’s
Equation and Penetration Depth. Isotope effect, applications of super conductors.
4. Nanomaterials
6 hrs
Introduction, nanoparticles, metal nanoclusters, semiconductor nanoparticles, carbon
clusters, carbon nanotubes,quantum nanostructures, nanodot, nanowire and quantum wellapplications of nano materials.
UNIT IV
5. General Properties of Nuclei: 10 hrs
Basic ideas of nucleus -size, mass, charge density (matter energy), binding energy, angular
momentum, parity, magnetic moment, electric moments.
Liquid drop model –shell model- collective model, magic numbers.
UNIT V
5.Radioactivity decay: 10 hrs
Alpha decay: basics of α-decay processes, theory of α-decay Gamow’s theory, Geiger
Nuttall law. -decay: energy kinematics for -decay, positron emission, electron capture,
neutrino hypothesis.
6. Detectors of nuclear Radiation: 6 hrs
Ionization chamber, GM Counter. Wilsons cloud chamber, bubble chamber, scintillation
counter
Practical Paper VI:
Work load: 30 hrs
3 hrs/week
Minimum of 8 experiments to be done and recorded
1. Construction of a model D.C. power supply.
2. Characteristic of a junction diode.
3. Characteristics of transistor.
4. Characteristics of Zenor diode.
5. Energy gap of a semiconductor using post office box
6. Measurement of thermo emf –potentiometer
7. Determination of constants of B.G.
8. Potentiometer-calibration of high range voltmeter.
9. Potentiometer-calibration of ammeter.
10. FET-characteristics, determination of constants.
11. LDR characteristics.
12. Full wave rectificer with L &  section filters.
13. M& H using deflection magnetometer and vibration magnetometer.
14. Potentiometer-comparison of low resistances.
15. Transistor based RC coupled amplifier.
16. Construction of Hartley oscillator using transistor –measurement of frequency using
CRO.
B.Sc. (Physics) (Non-Mathematics Combinations)
Scheme of instruction and examination to be followed w.e.f. 2015-2016
S.No Semester
Title of the paper
Instruction Duration o f Max
Hrs/week exam (hrs)
Marks
(external)
Thoery
1
First
Paper I: Mechanics & Properties of
4
3
75
Matter
2
Second
Paper II: Waves & Oscillations
4
3
75
3
Third
Paper III: Optics
4
3
75
4
Fourth
5
Fifth
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
Sixth
First
Second
Third
Fourth
Fifth
Sixth
Paper IV: Thermodynamics &
Radiation Physics
Paper V: Electrostatics, Electricity
& Magnetism
Paper VI: Modern Physics
PaperVII : Electrical circuits &
Electronics
Paper VIII: Nuclear physics &
Medical Physics
Practical
Practical 1
Practical II
Practical III
Practical IV
Practical V
Practical VI
4
3
75
4
3
75
4
3
75
4
3
75
4
3
75
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
75
75
75
75
75
75
SEMESTER PATTERN UNDER CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM
COMMON CORE SYLLUBUS
B.Sc. 1st Semester Physics
Paper I: Mechanics & Properties of Matter
(For Non-Mathematics Combinations)
Work load:60 hrs per semester
4 hrs/week
UNIT -I
1. Mathematical Background:
8 hours
Scalars and vectors –vector addition-scalar and vector products of vector and their physical
significance-vector calculus-gradient of a scalar point function-divergence and curl of
vector-statements of stokes and Gauss theorems -examples (no derivations).
2.Motion of system :
8 hours
Collisions- Elastic and inelastic collisions-Collisions in one and two dimension-Rocket
propulsion-Center of mass-Motion of the centre of mass-Impact parameter-Scattering crosssection, Rutherford scattering (No derivation-Qualitative ideas only)
UNIT II
3. Mechanics of Rigid body:
12 hours
Rotational kinetic energy and moment of inertia -Calculating the moment of inertia in
simple cases (Rod, disc, sphere and cylinder)-parallel & Perpendicular axes theoremsTorque-relation between torque and angular momentum.
Angular momentum of a particle-Torque and angular momentum for a system of particlesconservation of angular momentum-Translation and rotational motion of system-Elementary
ideas about gyroscopic motion (No derivation –discussion of results)- precission of the
equinoxes
UNIT-III
4.Central forces :10 hours
Central force- Def & examples- General properties of central forces-Conservative nature of
central forces, Planetary motion-Kepler’s laws (Statements & Explanation), Newton’s law of
gravitation from Kepler’s law, Geostationary Satellite Motion.
UNIT-IV
5. Fluid Flow
:10 hours
The flow of ideal fluids-Equation of continuity –Bernoulli’s equation-Torricelli’s theoremThe venture meter-Pitot’s tube-Viscosity and the flow of real fluids- Poisellious equation.
UNIT V
6. Relativistic effects
:12 hours
Moving reference frames-Inertial reference frames-Galilean relativity (Elementary treatment
only, application to be covered)–Special theory of relativity-Statements of the two basic
postulates-Lorentz transformation equations-length contraction-time dilation-addition of
velocities-Momentum and relativistic mass- Mass –Energy equation, rest mass &
momentum of a particle.
Reference Books :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
BSc Physics -Telugu Akademy, Hyderabad
Properties of Matter - D.S. Mathur, S.Chand & Co, New Delhi ,11th Edn., 2000
Properties of Matter - Brijlal& Subrmanyam ,S.Chand &Co. 1982
Physics for Biology and Premedical Students –D.N. Burns & SGG Mac Donald
Unified Physics Vol.I Mechanics,Waves and Oscillations – Jai Prakash Nath & Co.Ltd.,
Meerut.
Paper II: Waves & Oscillations
(For Non-Maths Combinations)
II SEMESTER
Work load:60 hrs per semester
UNIT-I:
4 hrs/week
15 hrs.
1.Oscillatory Motion
Simple harmonic motion-Equation of motion and solution-Simple harmonic motion from the
standpoint of energy-The rotor diagram representation of simple harmonic motionCompound pendulum-determination of g and k, torsional pendulum-determination of n,
Combination of Simple harmonic motions along a line and perpendicular to each otherLissajous figuresUNIT II:
14 hrs
2.Damped Oscillators
Damped Vibrations- examples, damped harmonic oscillator-Equation of motion-Assumption
of solution for various boundary conditions- Over damping under damping and critical
damping-The harmonic oscillator-Equation of motion –Resonance-Sharpness of resonanceQ-factor.
UNIT-III:
11 hrs
3. Wave Motion
Progressive waves-Equation of a progressive wave-sinusoidal waves-Velocity of waves in
elastic media-Standing waves-Transverse vibrations of stretched strings, overtones and
harmonics. Sonometer verification of laws of transverse vibrations in a stretched string,
beats ( qualitative analysis Only).
UNIT-IV:
4.Acoustics
10 hrs
Classification of sound, Characteristics of musical sound, Acoustics of Buildings,
Reverberation, Sabine’s formula (without derivation) Absorption coefficient, Factors
affecting acoustics of buildings, Intensity of sound, Sound distribution in an auditorium.
UNIT V:
10 hrs.
5. Ultrasonics
Ultrasonics, properties of ultrasonic waves, production of ultrasonics by piezoelectric and
magnetostriction methods, detection of ultrasonics, determination of wavelength of ultrasonic waves.
Applications of ultrasonic waves.
Reference Books:
1. Physics for Biology and Premedical Students –D.N. Burns & SGG Mac Donald
2. BSc Physics -Telugu Akademy, Hyderabad
3. Waves and Oscillations. S. Badami, V. Balasubramanian and K. Rama Reddy Orient
Longman.
4. Waves and Oscillations. N. Subramaniyam and Brijlal Vikas Publishing House Private
Limited.
5. Unified Physics Vol.I Mechanics, Waves and Oscillations – Jai Prakash Nath & Co.Ltd.,
Meerut.
6. Properties of Matter and Acoustics – R Murugeshan and K. Shivaprasath, S Chand &
Co.Ltd. (2005-Ed)
7. Acoustics – Waves and Oscillations - S. N. Sen – Wiley Estern Ltd
8. Text Book of Sound-S.R.Shankara Narayana, Sultan Chand & Sons, New Delhi
Paper III: Optics
(For Non- Maths Combinations)
III SEMESTER
Work load: 60 hrs per semester
Unit – I
4 hrs/week
:10 hrs
1. GEOMETRIC OPTICS
Aberrations in lenses-Chromatic Aberration-Achromatic Combination of lensesMonochromatic defects-Spherical aberration-Astigmatism-Coma-Curvature and DistortionMinimizing aberration.
UNIT II
2. INTERFERENCE:
13 hrs
The superstition principle, Condition for Interference, Classification of Interferences methodsYoung’s double slit experiment-Theory. Interference with white light and appearance of
Young’s interference fringes-Intensity in interference pattern-Optical Path length, Lloyd’s
single mirror-Phase change on reflection, Interference due to plane parallel wedge shaped
films, Colours in thin films-Newton rings-Michelson’s interferometer.
UNIT III
3. DIFFRACTION
: 12 hrs
The Fresnel and Fraunhoffer diffraction phenomena-Fraunhoffer diffraction of single Slit
normal incidence and oblique incidence – Resolving power –limits of resolution for
telescopes and microscope- Fraunhoffer diffraction by double slit-Intensity-patternDiffraction grating- Wavelength determination (Normal incidence and Minimum deviation).
UNIT IV
4. POLARIZATION
: 13 hrs
Types of Polarized light-Polarization by reflection, Brewster’s law-Dichroism the Polaroiddouble refraction- the calcite crystal-the principal plane-O and E rays-the Nicol Prism Law of
Malus –the quarter wave plate-Plane, Circularly, elliptically polarized light-Production and
analysis -Optical activity-Specific rotatory power -Polarimeter-Holography- Principles and
applications.
UNIT V
:12 hrs.
5. Holography & Fiber Optics
Holography: Basic principle of holography-Gabor hologram and its limitations, holography
applications. Introduction- different types of fibres, rays and modes in an optical fibre, fibre
material, principles of fiber communication (qualitative treatment only), applications.
Reference Books:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Physics for Biology and Premedical Students –D.N. Burns & SGG Mac Donald
BSc Physics -Telugu Akademy, Hyderabad
A Text Book of Optics-N Subramanyam, L Brijlal, S.Chand & Co.
Fundamentals of Optics, H.R. Gulati and D.R. Khanna, 1991, R. Chand Publication
Paper IV: Thermodynamics &Radiation Physics
(For Non- Mathematics Combinations)
IV SEMESTER
Work load:60 hrs per semester
4 hrs/week
UNIT I
1. Kinetic theory of Gases: 12 hrs
Zeroth law of thermodynamics,measurment of temperature- resistance thermometry,
thermoelectric theromometers-kinetic theory of gases- assumptions-pressure of an ideal gasmolecular interpretation of temerature- Maxwell’s law of distribution of molecular speeds (no
derivation)-experimental verification.
UNIT II
2. Thermodynamics: 12 hrs
The first law of thermodynamics- work done in isothermal and adiabatic changes Reversible and irreversible process-Carnot’s cycle-Carnot’s theorem - Second law of
thermodynamics, Kelvin’s and Claussius statements-Thermodynamics scale of temperatureEntropy, physical significance-Change in entropy in reversible process-Entropy and disorderEntropy of universe.
Unit-III
3. Low temperature Physics: 12 hrs
Introduction-Joule Kelvin effect-porous plug experiment. Joule expansion-Distinction
between adiabatic and Joule Thomson expansion-Liquefaction of helium Kapitza’s methodAdiabatic demagnetization-Production of low temperatures-Principle of refrigeration.
applications of substances at low-temperature.
UNIT IV
4. Measurement, laws and theories of radiation: 12 hrs
Black body-Ferry’s black body-distribution of energy in the spectrum of Black body- Wein’s
law- Planck’s radiation formula (no derivation)-Measurement of radiation-Types of
pyrometers-Disappearing filament optical pyrometer-experimental determination-Angstrom
Pyroheliometer-determination of solar constant, effective temperature of sun.
UNIT V
5.Thermo-electricity: 12 hrs
Seebeck effect-measurement of thermo emf using potentiometer,Peltier effect, determination
of Peltier effect-S.G.Starling method, Thomson coefficient-Thermoelectric diagrams, Uses of
thermoelectric diagrams- i) determination of total emf, ii) determination of Peltier emf, iii)
determination of Thomson emf and iv) thermo emf in a general couple, neutral temperature
and temperature of inversion
Reference Books:
1. Physics for Biology and Premedical Students –D.N. Burns & SGG Mac Donald
2. BSc Physics -Telugu Akademy, Hyderabad
3. Electricity and Magnetism, S.Chand & Company, Mew Delhi, 1995.
NOTE: Problems should be solved at the end of every chapter of all units.
Paper V
Electrostatics, Electricity & Magnetism
(For Non- Maths Combinations)
V Semester
Work load: 60 hrs per semester
UNIT-1:
4 hrs/week
15 hrs
1. Electric field and potential
Coulomb’s law, its verification (by Cavendish method) – electric field and intensity of
electric field –intensity of electric field due to i) a point charge, ii) infinitely long charged
wire,iii) finite line of charge –electric dipole and dipole moment. Gauss’s law statement and
its proof- applications of Gauss Law to (1) Uniformly charged sphere (2) an infinite
conducting sheet of charge and (3) charged cylinder. Electrical potential – equi-potential
surfaces- potential due to i) a point charge, ii) charged spherical shell and uniformly charged
circular disc.
UNIT II
10 hrs
2. Capacitance and dielectrics
Derivation of expression for capacity due to i) a parallel plate capacitor with and without
dielectric, ii) a spherical capacitor. Energy stored in a capacitor, electric capacitance.
Electric dipole moment Di-electrics with examples, effect of electric field-electric
displacement D, electric polarization P, permeability & susceptibility(Definitions only) –
relation between D,E and P.
UNIT III
3. Current electricity
:10 hrs
Current and current density, drift velocity expression, Kirchhoff’s laws –statement and
explanation and application to Wheatstone bridge, sensitivity of Wheatstone bridge, CareyFoster’s bridge- experiment to measurement temperature coefficient of resistance- strain
gauge-piezoelectric transducers (applications only)
UNIT IV
:10 hrs
4. Ionic conduction
Faraday’s laws of electrolysis-ionic conductivity-derivation of expression. Primary and
secondary cells-voltaic cell –lead acid cell, resistance in human body-electrical activity in
the heart-artificial peacemakers.
UNIT V
:15 hrs
5. Electromagnetism
Magnetic induction B, magnetic flux – Biot –Savert’s law, magnetic induction due to (i) a
long straight conductor carrying current (ii) on the axis of a circular coil carrying current
(iii) solenoid, Ampere’s law – derivation of expression for the force on (i) charged particles
and (ii) current carrying conductor in the magnetic field, Hall effect and its importanceelectromagnetic pumping.
Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction, Lenz’s law - Construction, theory and working
of B.G., damping correction, self induction, mutual induction their units- electromagnetic
measurement of blood flow.
Textbooks
1. Modern Physics by R. Murugeshan and Kiruthiga Siva Prasath – S. Chand & Co. for
semi conductor & Digital Principles).
2. Electricity and Magnetism Brijlal and Subramanyam. Ratan Prakashan Mandir.
3. Physics for Biology and Premedical Students –D.N. Burns & SGG Mac Donald, Addison
Wiley.
4. BSc Physics -Telugu Akademy, Hyderabad
Paper VI
Modern Physics
(For Maths Combinations)
V Semester
Work load: 60 hrs per semester
4 hrs/week
UNIT-1:
:15 hrs
1. Fundamentals of quantum mechanics
Photoelectric effect – Explanation through demonstration, Einstein’s Photoelectric equation
– its verification by Millikan’s experiment –theory of Compton effect ( no derivation) and its
experimental verification –Bohr’s theory of Hydrogen atom – Derivation of expression for
energy levels and spectral series of Hydrogen atom, atomic excitation, Frank Hertz
experiment, Pauli’s exclusion principle- explanation of different types of quantum numbers.
UNIT -II
:10 hrs
2. Wave nature of Matter
Dual nature of radiation- de Broglie’s theory of matter waves, Davisson and Germer
experiment on electron diffraction – Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle (a) determination of
position of a particle by microscope (b) diffraction by a single slit, meaning of the wave
function-Schrodinger wave equation (no derivative) –explanation.
UNIT III: 10 hrs
3. Uncertanity Principle
Heisenberg’s uncertainity principle for position and momentumfor (x and p), energy and
time (E and t). Gamma ray microscope. Diffraction by a single slit, position of electron in
Bohr orbit. Particle in a box, complementary principle of Bohr.
UNIT IV: 15 hrs
4. Spectroscopy
X-ray spectra-continuous and characterstics x-ray spectra-Mosley’s law –its importance-Xray diffraction-Bragg’s law-its experimental verification.
Lasers-sponaneous and stimulated emission –population inversion-Ruby, Helium-neon
lasers- description and working only-uses of lasers. Raman effect, hypothesis, classical
theory of Raman effect. Experimental arrangement for Raman effect and its application.
UNIT V: 10 hrs
5. Cosmic rays
Discovery-altitude & latitude effects- directional effects- Van Allen belts- Primary and
secondary cosmic rays- pair production and annihilation- Cosmic ray showers-discovery and
types of mesons-Elementary particles-classification and their nature.
Textbooks
1.
Modern Physics by R. Murugeshan and Kiruthiga Siva Prasath. S. Chand & Co.
2. Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy by G. Aruldhas. Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.
3. Spectroscopy –Atomic and Molecular by Gurdeep R Chatwal and Shyam Anand – Himalaya
Publishing House.
4. Third Year Physics - Telugu Academy
5. Physics for Biology and Premedical Students –D.N. Burns & SGG Mac Donald, Addison
Wiley.
Paper VII : Electrical circuits & Electronics
(For non Mathematics Combinations)
VI SEMESTER
Work load: 60 hrs per semester
UNIT I :
4 hrs/week
13 hrs
1. Electrical circuits
Growth and decay of currents in L-R, C-R and LCR circuits –using d.c supply.
Peak, average and rms values of a.c. and voltages-derivation of their inter relationshipsform factor- power in ac circuits-power factor –alternating currents in resistances- L-R, C-R
and L-C-R circuits. L-R, C-R and L-C-R series circuits. Resonance q factor, parallel LCR
circuit-skin effect –transformer (explanation of principle only)
UNIT- II:
12 hrs
2. Basic Electronics
Energy band theory of solids, junction diode its V-I characteristics, Zener diode, half and
full wave rectifiers(semiconductor type), action of filters Land π type, pnp and npn
transistors , npn transistor characteristics , CE configuration –RC coupled amplifier –
Hartely oscillarot-CRO circuit and working- measurement of dc voltage , ac voltage –phase
and frequency.
UNIT- III:
12 hrs
3. Digital Electronics
Binary number system , conversion of Binary number system into decimal number system
and vice versa, Binary addition and sub-straction (1’s and 2’s complement methods). Logic
gates: OR,AND , NOT and NOR,NAND and EX-OR gates their truth tables, realization of
these gates using discrete components, NAND and NOR gates are as universal gates, De
Morgans’s theorems statements and proof. Half and Full adders.
UNIT- IV:
10 hrs
Hybrid Parameters
Input , Output impedence , voltage , current , power gain of CE amplifier , VTVM ,
multimeter , difference between moving coil volt meter and VTVM.
UNIT- V
5. Magnetic properties of matter
: 13 hrs
Types of magnetic materials-paramagnetic, diamagnetic and ferromagnetic materials and
their properties. Magnetic intensity I, magnetic susceptibility-derivation for expression
relating intensity, susceptibiityand field. Curie-temperature. I-H curve –explanation of
remnance, coefcive force.
Paper VIII: Nuclear Physics & Medical Physics
(For Non-Mathematics Combinations)
VI SEMESTER
UNIT I
1. PHYSICS OF THE BODY: 8 hrs
Nature and characteristics of sound, Production of speech, Physics of the ear, Diagnostics
with sound and ultrasound-Physics of the eye. Physics of the nervous system, Electrical
signals and information transfer.
2. RADIATION AND RADIATION PROTECTION: 6 hrs
Principles of radiation protection– protective materials-radiation effects – somatic, genetic
stochastic & deterministic effect, Natural radioactivity, Biological effects of radiation,
Radiation monitors.
UNIT II
3. Radioactivity: 12 hrs
The nature of radioactive emissions, the law of Radioactive decay, derivation, decay
constant, Half life and mean life periods - derivations, units of radio activity, Carbon and
Uranium dating (explanation) Radioactive isotopes as tracers, radio cardio-graphy.
Radiation detectors –i) Scientillation counter 2) GM counter 3) Cloud chamber 4) Bubble
chamber.
UNIT -III
4. Nucleus : 11 hrs
Basic properties of nucleus-mass charge, density, spin momentum, binding energy &
stability of nucleus, particle accelerators (i) Cyclotron (ii) Synchrocyclotron and (iii)
Betatron-description,working and theory-Nuclear reactions involving neutrons-nuclear
fission energy per fission, nuclear reactor-nuclear fusion, energy released in fusion, carbonnitrogen cycle- Bainbridge and Dempster mass spectrographs- description and working.
UNIT IV
5. Superconductivity: 8 hrs
Experimental Results. Critical Temperature. Critical magnetic field. BCS theory (elementaty
ideas only) Meissner effect. Type I and type II Superconductors, London’s Equation and
Penetration Depth. Isotope effect, applications of super conductors.
6. Nanomaterials : 6 hrs
Introduction, nanoparticles, metal nanoclusters, semiconductor nanoparticles, carbon
clusters, carbon nanotubes,quantum nanostructures, nanodot, nanowire and quantum wellapplications of nano materials.
UNIT V
7. MEDICAL IMAGING PHYSICS: 9 hrs
X-ray diagnostics and imaging, Physics of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) – NMR
imaging – MRI Radiological imaging –Radiography –X-ray film – film processing –
fluoroscopy Ultrasound imaging – magnetic resonance imaging – thyroid uptake system –
Gamma camera (Only Principle, function and display).
Books
1. B.Sc. Physics – Telugu Academy.
2. Physics for Bioogy and Premedical Students-D.M. Burns &SGG McDonald. Addison
wiley.
3. Medical Physics, J.R. Cameron and J.G.Skofronick, Wiley (1978)
4. Basic Radiological Physics Dr. K. Thayalan - Jayapee Brothers Medical Publishing Pvt.
Ltd. New Delhi (2003)
5. Physics of Radiation Therapy : F M Khan - Williams and Wilkins, Third edition (2003)
6. Physics of the human body, Irving P. Herman, Springer (2007).
7. The Physics of Radiology-H E Johns and Cunningham.