Unit 3 Test
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. If four languages have similar words for numbers and names of fish, but different names for a certain disease,
what might be concluded about the time at which the disease first diffused?
a. The population divided and evolved into d. There can be no conclusions drawn about
four different languages and then the
the initial diffusion of the disease based on
disease spread.
language.
b. The disease and language spread to four
e. The disease spread to two different
different regions at the same time at the
populations that later divided into two
same rate.
different languages
c. The disease spread among a population
that later divided and evolved into four
different languages.
2. In the United States, the largest concentrations of Amish are found in
a. Tennessee, Arkansas, and Kentucky
d. Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Indiana
b. Utah, Arizona, and Nevada
e. Minnesota, Michigan, and Illinois
c. Rhode Island, New York, and West
Virginia
3. Which of the following best describes the term “Global Village?”
a. The increasing familiarity of other
d. The local diversity of cities increases with
cultures due to globalization of popular
more and more migration.
culture.
b. The spread of a folk song from North
e. More and more people move from LDCs
America to Europe.
to MDCs.
c. More and more people move to LDCs
from MDCs.
4. Which religions have a conflict over the land of Palestine and the city of Jeruselem?
a. Islam and Buddhism
d. Christianity and Buddhism
b. Christianity and Judaism
e. Judaism and Hinduism
c. Islam and Judaism
5. Which of the following is true of popular culture?
a. It is more static than folk culture.
d. It spreads primarily by relocation
diffusion.
b. It promotes regional diversity.
e. It incorporates traits that diffuse quickly to
a wide variety of places.
c. It is practiced among a homogeneous
group of people in the world.
6. A condition in which many languages in a region are spoken, each by a relatively small number of people is
called:
a. bilingualism.
d. linguistic fragmentation.
b. sycretism.
e. diaspora.
c. linguistic relativism.
7. In Minnesota, Sven orders a soda pop. In Illinois, Valeria orders a pop. In Texas, Mike orders a coke. These
word use boundaries are known as:
a. Lingua Franca
d. Isoglosses
b. pidgin dialect
e. language family
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8.
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9.
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c. Isolated Languages
People in London, Melbourne, Vancouver and Mumbai all speak
a. lingua francas
d. different creoles
b. a pidgin language
e. different dialects
c. official languages
Which of the following originated in South Asia and subsequently spread throughout much of Southeast and
East Asia?
a. Christianity
d. Hinduism
b. Sikhism
e. Confucianism
c. Buddhism
When European settlers established relations with Native Americans, a new language was created to ease
translation for both groups. What is that language called?
a. Constitutional language
d. Official language
b. Indigenous language
e. Creole language
c. Trade language
A fundamental difference between folk culture and popular culture is that folk culture:
a. loses some of its distinctive characteristics d. is adaptive to change over time.
as it crosses national boundaries.
b. tends to diffuse rapidly across space
e. represents universal values.
c. often sets a minority group apart from a
regions general population.
The world’s most widespread religion is
a. Buddhism
d. Hinduism
b. Christianity
e. Animism
c. Islam
Linguistic geographers use isoglosses to mark:
a. the area in which an extinct language is
d. the extent to which a lingua franca is used
used.
in a particular area.
b. the area in which an official language is
e. the limits for an area in which particular
used.
words are used.
c. the creation of pidgins.
What are the three main universalizing religions?
a. Christianity, Catholocism, Hinduism
d. Daoism, Roman Catholocism, Judaism
b. Christianity, Islam, Buddhism
e. Hinduism, Christianity, Judaism
c. Roman Catholic, Protestant, Eastern
Orthodox.
Which language has become the world’s primary lingua franca?
a. Spanish
d. Mandarin Chinese
b. German
e. Hindi
c. English
Which of the following was not one of the earliest ancient cultural hearths?
a. Nile Valley
d. Mesopotamia
b. Indus Valley
e. Mississippi Valley
c. East Asia
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The saltbox-type house pictured above originated in which of the following cultural areas?
a. New England and the Canadian Maritimes d. The Canadian Prarie
b. The United States’ Southwest
e. The United States’ Southeast
c. The Great Lakes region
Acculturation is a common cause of
a. assimilation
d. language extinction
b. creolization
e. illiteracy
c. cultural diffusion
An European who refers to China as the “Far East” is reflecting a form of:
a. humanism
d. assimilation
b. cultural relativism
e. animism
c. ethnocentrism
Which of the following is an example of an ethnic religion?
a. Buddhism
d. Mormonism
b. Roman Catholocism
e. Islam
c. Judaism
In contrast to societies that are strongly influenced by popular, folk societies are:
a. less resistant to cultural change
d. more inclined to tolerate a variety of
social customs and behaviors
b. more likely to place a strain on natural
e. more limited in their building materials
resources
c. less likely to promote religious values
The term “Cultural Diffusion” refers to the:
a. assimilation of a minority culture into the d. spread of an idea or innovation from its
host society.
source.
b. integration of behavioral traits within a
e. modifications of earth’s surface by human
group.
actions.
c. relationship between human cultures and
their physical environment.
Local Native American and African religions that teach a belief in a natural world full of spiritual beings and
supernatural powers are often referred to as
a. shamanistic.
d. local religions.
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____ 30.
____ 31.
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b. animist.
e. missionary.
c. denominational.
The modern game of soccer (football) spread to many parts of the world because of British colonization. This
is an example of what type of diffusion?
a. Relocation
d. Expansion
b. Stimulus
e. Hierarchical
c. Contagious
Which of the following counries has the largest percentage of Roman Catholics?
a. Great Britain
d. the United States
b. Germany
e. Italy
c. Greece
Which of the following is true of folk culture?
a. Folk and popular culture often create
d. Folk culture and traditions often have
artifacts for the purpose of being sold to a
pinpointed dates of innovation and
large number of people.
creation.
b. Folk culture is based on rapid
e. Folk culture often comes from MDCs and
simultaneous global connections through
diffuses to LDCs through globalization.
communication systems, transportation
networks, and other modern technology.
c. Folk culture often comes from anonymous
sources, at unknown dates.
The hearth and spiritual center of Islam is at
a. Baghdad
d. Mecca
b. Jakarta
e. Cairo
c. Jerusalem
Which of the following is not a Romance language?
a. Romanian
d. Italian
b. Spanish
e. French
c. Austrian
Which of the following was the most pronounced affect of the Norman invasion of England on the English
Language?
a. The Normans spoke French which became d. The Normans spoke French which
the language of the lower class.
combined with the more Germanic
English of the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes
to form a new language.
b. The Normans brought the Celtic language e. The Normans brought Scandanavian
to England.
words which still remain in place names.
c. The language of the upper class became
German.
To which branch of the Indo-European language family does English belong?
a. Indo-Iranian
d. Germanic
b. Balto-Slavic
e. Romance
c. Indic
The branch of Christianity that has the largest number of adherents is:
a. Roman Catholocism
d. Lutheranism
b. Protestantism
e. the Baptist Church
c. Eastern Orthodoxy
In the Canadian prairies, barns were first built with:
a. fossilized shellfish cement
d. plywood
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b. stones
e. sod and thatch
c. logs
In the 1600s, Peter the Great returned to Russia from his travels in Europe and taught his people WesternEuropean style dance. This diffusion of Western style dance is most closely an example of:
a. Theocracy
d. Sequent Occupance
b. Hierarchical Diffusion
e. Cultural Isolation
c. Contagious Diffusion
What type of calandar to North Americans use?
a. Drought
d. Solar
b. Solstice
e. Agricultural
c. Lunar
Acculturation is a process whereby:
a. the dominant culture completely absorbs d. non-material and material culture spread
the less dominant one.
to areas around them.
b. the more dominant culture adopts most of e. the less dominant culture adopts some of
the traits of the less dominant culture.
the traits of the more influential one.
c. cultural traits are equally exchanged
between two cultures.
Regionalization would best explain the characteristics of the study of
a. built environment
d. folk culture
b. adaptive strategies
e. popular culture
c. material culture
The two primary Eastern religions of Hinduism and Buddhism each have there hearths located where?
a. Western Saudi Arabia
d. Southeast Asia
b. Jerusalem
e. Eastern China
c. Northern India
Which of the following is not an ethnic religion?
a. Shintoism
d. Shamanism
b. Hinduism
e. Sikhism
c. Judaism
Swahili in East Africa and English in global commerce are examples of:
a. lingua franca.
d. pidgin languages.
b. creole language.
e. standard leagues.
c. official language.
Which of the following is the largest proselytizing religion?
a. Islam
d. Christianity
b. Buddhism
e. Hinduism
c. Shintoism
Throughout history, numerous colonial powers have argued that certain types of people, living in certain areas
of the world, are less able to govern themselves because of the qualities they have developed due to their
interactions with natural factors, such as climate. This belief is an example of:
a. possibilism
d. ecumenism
b. cultural ecology
e. environmental determinism
c. positivism
Cultural ecology studies the
a. interactions between places over time
d. interactions between human societies and
the physical environment
b. relationship between media and diffusion e. relationship between politics and policy
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c. relationship between language and land
use
Yom Kippur, or the Day of Atonement, is the most important holiday in which religion?
a. Islam
d. Hinduism
b. Judaism
e. Christianity
c. Buddhism
A trade language is called a
a. syncretic.
d. Creole.
b. dialect.
e. pidgin.
c. lingua franca.
Which of the following is not an explanation of the widespread use of English?
a. 50 countries have English as an official
d. U.S. imperialism after the Spanish
language.
American war.
b. Its ease of learning.
e. English control over south Asia and Africa
during the 18th and 19th centuries
c. Colonization of and immigration to the
United States during the 17th century
The Kurgan hearth theory explains:
a. the creolization of Enlgish.
d. the diffusion of Indo-European language.
b. a hierarchical diffusion of popular culture e. the differences between English in the
words such as “computer.”
United States and England.
c. the development of regional dialects.
Which of the following is not a place name in the United States that reflects geographical origins?
a. Germantown, PA
d. New York
b. New Hampshire
e. Pottstown
c. New Jersey
______________ is an excellent example of a nonevangelical univeralizing religion.
a. Buddhism
d. Hinduism
b. Polytheism
e. Protestantism
c. Christianity
American English differs from English in England because:
a. Most immigrants to the United States were d. The United States passed a law in 1820
from the upper class of England.
making English its official language.
b. English in the United States has changed e. Americans consciously changed the
more than English in England
language to distinguish themselves from
Great Britain after the American
Revolution.
c. The language has grown apart because the
two countries were isolated from each
other.
The earth’s heterogeneous collection of languages is an example of:
a. cultural diversity
d. hierarchical diffusion
b. ethnic conflict
e. demographic transition
c. globalization
The field that studies the relationship between the natrual environment and culture is called:
a. cultural diffusion
d. environmental determinism
b. syncretism
e. cultural geography
c. linguistic geography
____ 52. As Islam spread to Sub-Saharan Africa, its first converts were the elites, but most ordinary people retained
their native religions. This phenomenon illustrates the process of:
a. migrant diffusion
d. stimulation diffusion
b. relocation diffusion
e. contagious diffusion
c. hierarchical diffusion
____ 53. The world’s three major monotheistic religions originated in which of the following regions?
a. Eastern Europe
d. Sub-Saharan Africa
b. East Asia
e. Southwest Asia
c. Western Europe
____ 54. Which of the following is true in terms of the culture of most sports?
a. The most popular sports in the world
d. Most popular sports start out as folk
began simultaneously in many different
culture before diffusing around the world
cultural hearths.
to the point at which people are willing to
pay professional athletes.
b. Sports start out as popular culture before e. Sports tend to spread around the world
being adapted by people in different
more slowly than other forms of popular
regions to folk culture.
culture.
c. Sports rarely diffuse outside of their
cultural hearth.
____ 55. Literacy rates vary by
a. sex.
d. location.
b. economic development.
e. all of the above.
c. education.
____ 56. The most widespread language family on earth is the
a. Romance
d. Sino-Tibetan
b. Indo-European
e. Germanic
c. Mandarin Chinese
____ 57. When Muslims make he pilgramage to Mecca to observe the Kabah, which of the five pillars are they
practicing?
a. Hajj
d. Salah
b. Sawm
e. Zakat
c. Shahadah
____ 58. The Indo-European language family has its distant origins in the area around the:
a. Baltic Sea
d. Black Sea
b. Arabian Penisula
e. Italian Peninsula
c. Iberian Peninsula
____ 59. Many Islamic states in the Middle East region combine religion and state and don’t separate them. This is an
example of what?
a. Plural society
d. Multilingual society
b. Theocracy
e. Democracy
c. Monotheism
____ 60. Which of the following is a dialect?
a. Indo-European
d. Romance
b. Latin
e. southern United States
c. Dravidian
____ 61. The process by which one generation passes culture to the next is called:
a. cultural relativism.
d. assimilation.
b. syncretism.
e. cultural transmission.
c. cultural diffusion.
____ 62. Which of the following is an example of a cultural landscape?
a. a stand of pine trees
d. a coral reef
b. tropical jungle
e. terraced fields of crops up a mountainside
c. a glacier
____ 63. Cultural geography is the study of
a. cultural complexes.
d. human-environment relationships.
b. the spatial distribution of cultural traits.
e. how cultures change through time.
c. global customs and artifacts.
____ 64. Wooden shoes characteristic of the Dutch culture are an example of a(n)
a. syncretism.
d. artifact.
b. mentifact.
e. custom.
c. complex.
____ 65. What is the largest ethnic religion?
a. Confucianism
d. Hinduism
b. Daoism
e. Shitoism
c. Judaism
____ 66. Which of the following schools of thought puts most emphasis on the importance of the physical environment
in shaping culture?
a. environmental perception
d. possibilism
b. cultural ecology
e. cultural determinism
c. environmental determinism
____ 67. What language is known as the lingua franca of Eastern Africa?
a. Hindi
d. Swahili
b. French
e. English
c. Zulu
____ 68. The type of culture that includes a wide range of artifacts is called:
a. non-material culture
d. popular culture
b. folk culture
e. material culture
c. a culture region
____ 69. Which of the following correctly sequences the continuum from language family to dialect?
a. Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Hindi,
d. Indo-European, Germanic, English,
Bengali
Midland-Northern
b. Indo-European, Baltic-Slavic, Russian,
e. Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Arabic, Berber
Ukranian
c. Sino-Tibetan, Sinitic, Madarin, Chineses
____ 70. The cultural hearth of Christianity is in
a. Turkey
d. South Carolina
b. New York
e. Israel
c. Rome
____ 71. All evangelical religions are also
a. local religions
d. universal religions
b. animist religions
e. polytheistic religions
c. ethnic religions
____ 72. Globalization has encouraged the diffusion of:
a. popular culture
d. ethnic regions
b. folk culture
e. linguistic fragmentation
c. ethnocentrism
____ 73. Culture complexes are made up of many culture:
a. dialects
d. regions
b. hearths
e. systems
c. traits
____ 74. Which of the following is a particular form of relocation diffusion in which the spread of culture traits is slow
enough that they weaken in the area of origin by the time they reach other areas?
a. migrant diffusion
d. contagious diffusion
b. stimulus diffusion
e. hierarchical diffusion
c. expansion diffusion
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The above structure would most likely be found in which country?
a. Thailand
d. India
b. Ecuador
e. Germany
c. Israel
____ 76. A world map of hog production per capita would reveal the lowest values in which of the following regions?
a. The Middle East
d. The United States Midwest
b. Western Europe
e. China
c. Southeast Asia
____ 77. Mahayana, Therevada, and Tantrayana are three branches of:
a. Daoism
d. Hinduism
b. Sikhism
e. Buddhism
c. Islam
____ 78. Which of the following best exemplifies folk culture?
a. The purchasing of rap music by white
d. Cajun music
suburban youth
b. A dialect that is similar in two different
e. Eating Chinese food in New York City
regions of the country
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c. The burial of the dead
A good example of a monolingual country would be
a. South Africa.
d. Japan.
b. Canada.
e. Switzerland.
c. Turkey.
Which of the following is the most widely spoken, first language, language family?
a. Indo-European
d. Indo-Asia
b. Romance
e. Eastern Slavic
c. Creole
In _______________ religions, community, common history, and social relations are inextricably intertwined
with spiritual beliefs.
a. evangelical
d. local
b. ethnic
e. monotheistic
c. universal
Which of the following best describes a dialect?
a. a language spoken by less than 1 million d. a new language formed after one group of
people.
speakers looses contact with another
group of speakers.
b. languages spoken by more than 1 million e. languages that are from the same language
people.
family
c. a regional variation of a language
Which distinctive cultural region in the United States has its own food, music, and language along the border
with Mexico?
a. Swedish-American
d. Creole
b. Tex-Mex
e. Italian-American
c. Cajun
Toponymy is the study of:
a. place names
d. religious groups
b. dialects
e. linguistic fragmentation
c. extinct languages
Haitian is an example of a(n):
a. taboo.
d. language branch.
b. dialect.
e. language family.
c. creole.
A country in which a majority of the population is Shiite Muslims is
a. Iran
d. Saudi Arabia
b. Egypt
e. Morocco
c. Indonesia
Which of the following is the best example of folk food?
a. KFC in China
d. Pizza in the United States
b. Blowfish in Japan
e. Hamburgers in the United States
c. McDonald’s french fries in Germany
Which of the following religions is the best example of a polytheistic religion?
a. Islam
d. Christianity
b. Judaism
e. Atheism
c. Shintoism
Romance languages are all derived from:
a. Norman
d. Latin
b. Scandanavian
e. German
c. Iranian
____ 90. Where in the United States does Roman Catholocism dominate?
a. southern New England
d. Southeast
b. Southwest
e. A and B only
c. Pacific Northwest
____ 91. Which two universalizing religions have their root in Judaism?
a. Christianity and Islam
d. Hinduism and Islam
b. Christianity and Buddhism
e. Daoism and Christianity
c. Daoism and Islam
____ 92. What is a denomination?
a. A large and fundamental difference
d. an individual who founds a religion and
between religions.
helps to diffuse it across the globe.
b. a small seed covering
e. a small group that has broken away from
an established religion
c. A division or branch that unites a number
of local congregations into a single
administrative body.
____ 93. Cultural traditions, such as Christmas, are ____________ since they borrow from the past and are continually
reinvented in the present.
a. erratic
d. inauthentic
b. ecumenical
e. complex
c. sycretic
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____ 96.
____ 97.
____ 98.
The statue above is an important symbol for adherents of:
a. Easter Orthodoxy
d. Buddhism
b. Hinduism
e. Confucianism
c. Islam
Which ethnic religion is distributed across the United States, Israel, Europe, Asia and Africa?
a. Islam
d. Hinduism
b. Daoism
e. Christianity
c. Judaism
The literal interpretation of and strict adherance to principals of a religion is known as:
a. an autonomous religion.
d. religious values.
b. religious fundamentalism.
e. a denomination.
c. a crusade.
Which of the following areas has the greatest linguistic fragmentation?
a. Argentina
d. Scandinavia
b. Quebec
e. Korea
c. Caucasus
A pilgrim to Varanasi (Benares) in India is most likely to be a:
a. Muslim
d. Buddhist
b. Hindu
e. Christian
c. Jew