Biology I Core 40 Test Review: Cellular Biochemistry: Standard 1
How do you identify the question as a cell chemistry or biochemistry question?
LOOK FOR THESE TOPICS
ATP: Molecule with HIGH ENERGY BONDS that cells use for power!!!
Covalent or Ionic methods for attaching atoms together to form molecules
Bio-Macromolecules: Protein, Carbohydrate, Lipid, Nucleic Acid (DNA)
Bio-Elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur
Energy Molecules: Carbohydrates, ATP, or Lipids (long-term)
Energy Organelles: Mitochondria (make ATP by cell respiration)
Chloroplast (make glucose/sugar by photosynthesis)
Enzymes: Special proteins that help reactions happen in the cell/body.
pH: The acid/base level in a solution.
Homeostasis: A “balanced” internal environment. Good…stable environment.
Homeostasis can be affected quickly by temperature or pH.
Phospholipids: Make up the cell membrane
Immune Respone: The way your body fights off disease and infection.
Pathogens: Anything that can enter your body and cause infection or disease.
Vaccination: Technique used to cause the body to build immunity against pathogens.
Multiple Choice Practice
1. Cells create _______ in the mitochondria by the process of _______________.
They will use this molecule for energy.
a. Lipids, photosynthesis
b. DNA, transcription
c. ATP, cellular respiration
d. Chlorophyll, photosynthesis
2. When a cell has a stable internal environment, we consider that it is in:
a. Mitosis
b. Shock
c. Hypertonicity
d. Homeostasis
3. Which macromolecule:
 Is made from amino acids forming peptide bonds
 Works as enzymes that do jobs throughout the cells
a. Proteins
c. Lipids
b. Carbohydrates
d. Nucleic Acid (DNA or RNA)
4. Which macromolecule:
 Is a major source of energy
 Is in a ratio of 1:2:1 as far as C:H:O atoms like glucoseC6 H12 O6
a. Proteins
c. Lipids
b. Carbohydrates
d. Nucleic Acid
5. Which macromolecule:



Forms cell membranes
Is a long term energy storage
Has long hydrocarbon chains
a. Proteins
b. Carbohydrates
c. Lipids
d. Nucleic Acid
6. Which macromolecule:
 Is made of nucleotides
 Stores genetic information and serves as the genetic code
a. Proteins
c. Lipids
b. Carbohydreates
d. Nucleic Acid
7. ATP releases its energy when:
a. It breaks its phosphate high energy bonds
b. It is carbonated
c. It it adds another phosphate molecule
d. IDK
8. The sum of all the chemical processes in cells or systems is called __________.
a. Homeostasis
c. Anabolism
b. Metabolism
d. Catabolism
Remember: Enzymes are little proteins that control almost every metabolic reaction
occurring in cells and/or your body. They do this by binding (attaching) to something
specific called a substrate and working on it---thus increasing the rate of the reaction.
They actually reduce the reactions activation energy---in other words, they make stuff
happen in your body that would otherwise take a long time. Like digesting a piece of
steak. You can chew it as much as you want---but it would stay fairly solid if not for
digestive enzymes in your stomach and small intestines.
What can affect enzyme rates (effectiveness)? Change the temperature, pH, or substrate
concentration!!! Cool thing is---enzymes do all this work over and over b/c they are not
consumed by the reaction.
9. At what temperature would the enzyme be most effective:
a. 20° C
c. 40° C
b. 30° C
d. 50° C
10. What temperature and pH would work best for this enzyme?
a. 5 and 10
c. 10 and 60
b. 9 and 30
d. 8 and 45
11. Which of the following is an incorrect statement about enzymes?
a. Enzymes are proteins
b. Enzymes are catalysts (they speed reactions up)
c. Enzyme activity is not affected by temperature and pH
d. Enzymes attach to substrates and work on them.
12. The process by which living organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment
despite changes in the external environment is called _________________.
a. Growth
c. Development
b. Evolution
d. Homeostasis
13. The main energy currency of cells is
a. DNA
b. Proteins
c. ATP
d. Ribosome
Open Response Question Information
2. What part of ATP makes it useful to the cell? How does this enable a cell to use ATP?
3. From what you have learned about enzymes, look at the picture of the enzyme again and try
to explain what is happening. Also, what can have an effect on the performance of an enzyme?
4. What holds the atoms of most molecules together. Explain the main type of connective force
that holds molecules such as DNA together.