Supplementary material (online publication only)
Table S1. Assessment of the methodological quality of the systematic reviews included, by use of the AMSTAR checklist.
Study AMSTAR Items
Safii et al. 2010
Renvert et al. 2009
Al-Zahrani 2008
Schou 2008
Ong et al. 2008
Karoussis et al. 2007
Klokkevold and Han 2007
Schou et al. 2006
Van der Veijden 2005
Y
Y°
Y
Y°
Y°
Y°
Y°
Y°
Y°
Y
CA
N
N
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
N
CA
N
CA
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
Y
N
N &
Y
CA #
°: The aims of these studies were described, but the research questions were not explicitly reported
§: Authors performed meta-analysis with studies with different designs (i.e., retrospective and prospective)
&: Authors assessed the quality of primary studies based on study design only, which was not considered appropriate
#: The authors report a section with the name “study quality”, but did not show the methodology used “a priori”
CA: ‘‘Can’t answer’’ is chosen when the item is relevant but not described by the authors (Shea et al. 2009)
Y
N
N
Y
CA
Y
N
N
N
NA
NA
N
§
CA
NA
N
§
NA
NA
NA
CA
N
CA
CA
CA
N
CA
CA
CA
Y
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
Y

Table S2. Assessment of the methodological quality of the systematic reviews included, by use of the r-AMSTAR checklist.
Study
Safii et al.
2010
Renvert et al. 2009
Al-Zahrani
2008
Schou
2008
Ong et al.
2008
Karoussis et al. 2007
Klokkevold and Han
2007
Schou et al.
2006
Van der
Weijden
2005 a. 'A priori' design b. Duplicate a b c a
§ selection c. Literature search b c a b c d $ e a d. Status of publication b c d a e. List of studies b c d f. Characteristics a g. Quality of h. Scientific of included b included * quality used * c a b c d a b c d a i. Appropriate methods
= b c d j. Likelihood of k. Conflict bias e a b > c > of interest a b c
Y Y N Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y N N N N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y N Y Y Y N Y N Y Y Y Y N N N N N
Y Y N Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y N N N N Y Y Y Y Y Y
Y N N N N N N Y Y N N N N N N Y N N N Y Y
Y Y N N N N N Y Y Y Y N N N N N N
&
N N Y Y
Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N N N N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N N N N Y N N N Y Y
Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y N N Y N N Y Y N Y Y Y
Y Y N N Y Y N Y Y Y Y N N N Y Y N N
µ
N Y Y
Y Y N Y N Y N Y Y N N N N N N Y Y Y Y Y Y
Y N N N N N N N N NA NA NA NA NA N NA NA Y N N
Y N N N N N N N N NA NA NA NA NA N NA NA N N N
Y N N N N N N N N NA NA NA NA NA N NA NA N Y N
Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y NA NA NA NA NA Y NA NA Y Y Y
N N N N N N N N N NA NA NA NA NA N NA NA N N N
Y N N Y N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
Y Y Y Y Y Y N { N N N Y N N N N N N N N N
Y N N Y N N N N N NA NA NA NA NA N NA NA N N N
The AMSTAR items are abbreviated in the column headings.
Y (Yes): satisfies the criterion
N (No): does not satisfy the criterion
NA: not applicable
*If item 7 was not performed, item 8 was automatically scored as does not satisfy the criteria
&
The author only refers to another published review for more detailed information
µ
$ Only one of the sub-criteria implied in “satisfies”
§
In order to satisfy this item, study selection should also be performed in duplicate
The authors reported the reasons for exclusion not specifying which study was excluded
>
{
The authors did not make recommendations, probably because of the low level of evidence
Because SRs without meta-analysis present descriptive data, statistical tests for publication bias were not used. Therefore, SRs without meta-analysis received a “NA”

Excluded articles
Berglundh, T., Persson, L. & Klinge, B. (2002) A systematic review of the incidence of biological and technical complications in implant dentistry reported in prospective longitudinal studies of at least 5 years. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 29 Suppl 3, 197-
212.
Reason: Not related to the clinical question.
Berglundh, T., Zitzmann, N. U. & Donati M. (2011) . Are peri-implantitis lesions different from periodontitis lesions? Journal of Clinical Periodontology 38 Suppl 11 , 188-202.
Reason: not related to the clinical question.
Claffey, N., Clarke, E., Polyzois, I. & Renvert S. (2008) Surgical treatment of periimplantitis. Journal of Clinical periodontology 35(8 Suppl) , 316-32.
Reason: Not related to the clinical question.
Duncan, H. F. & Pitt Ford, T. R. (2006) The potential association between smoking and endodontic disease. International Endodontics Journal 39, 843-854.
Reason: Not related to the clinical question.
Ellen, R. P. (1998) Microbial colonization of the peri-implant environment and its relevance to long-term success of osseointegrated implants. International Journal of Prosthodontics 11,
433-441.
Reason: Not related to the clinical question.
Esposito, M., Grusovin, M. G., Coulthard, P. & Worthington, H. V. (2008a) The efficacy of interventions to treat peri-implantitis: a Cochrane systematic review of randomised controlled clinical trials. European Journal of Oral Implantology 1, 111-125.
R eason: Not related to the clinical question and publication of Cochrane review in a paper based journal.
Esposito, M., Grusovin, M. G., Kakisis, I., Coulthard, P. & Worthington, H. V. (2008b)
Interventions for replacing missing teeth: treatment of perimplantitis. Cochrane Database of
Systematic Reviews, CD004970.
Reason: Not related to the clinical question.
Esposito, M., Grusovin, M. G., Tzanetea, E., Piattelli, A. & Worthington, H. V. (2010)
Interventions for replacing missing teeth: treatment of perimplantitis. Cochrane Database of
Systematic Reviews, CD004970.
Reason: Not related to the clinical question and update of an article already published.
Esposito, M., Hirsch, J. M., Lekholm, U. & Thomsen, P. (1998) Biological factors contributing to failures of osseointegrated oral implants. (I). Success criteria and epidemiology. European Journal of Oral Sciences 106, 527-551.
Reason: Non-systematic review (after full-text assessment).
Faggion, C. M. Jr., Schmitter, M. & Tu, Y. K. (2009) Assessment of replication of research evidence from animals to humans in studies on peri-implantitis therapy. Journal of Dentistry
37 , 737-47.
Reason: Not related to the clinical question.

Faggion, C. M., Jr., Listl, S. & Tu, Y. K. (2010) Assessment of endpoints in studies on periimplantitis treatment--a systematic review. Journal of Dentistry 38, 443-450.
R eason: Not related to the clinical question.
Glauser, R., Zembic, A. & Hammerle, C. H. (2006) A systematic review of marginal soft tissue at implants subjected to immediate loading or immediate restoration. Clinical Oral
Implants Research 17 Suppl 2, 82-92.
Reason: Not related to the clinical question.
Greenstein, G. & Hart, T. C. (2002) A critical assessment of interleukin-1 (IL-1) genotyping when used in a genetic susceptibility test for severe chronic periodontitis. Journal of
Periodontology 73, 231-247.
Reason: Not related to the clinical question.
Guentsch, A. & Preshaw, P. M. (2008) The use of a linear oscillating device in periodontal treatment: a review. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 35, 514-524.
Reason: Not related to the clinical question.
Heitz-Mayfield, L. J. (2008) Peri-implant diseases: diagnosis and risk indicators. Journal of
Clinical Periodontology 35, 292-304.
Reason: Not related to the clinical question.
Heitz-Mayfield, L. J. & Lang, N. P. (2004) Antimicrobial treatment of peri-implant diseases.
International Journal of Oral &Maxillofacial Implants 19 Suppl, 128-139.
Reason: Not related to the clinical question.
Heitz-Mayfield, L. J. & Huynh-Ba, G. (2009) History of treated periodontitis and smoking as risks for implant therapy. International Journal of Oral &Maxillofacial Implants 24 Suppl ,
39-68.
Reason:Authors did not identify their publication as systematic review.
Holm-Pedersen, P., Lang, N. P. & Muller, F. (2007) What are the longevities of teeth and oral implants? Clinical Oral Implants Research 18 Suppl 3, 15-19.
Reason: Non-systematic review and no report of key-words (after full-text assessment).
Huynh-Ba, G., Lang, N. P., Tonetti, M. S., Zwahlen, M. & Salvi, G. E. (2008) Association of the composite IL-1 genotype with peri-implantitis: a systematic review. Clinical Oral
Implants Research 19, 1154-1162.
Reason: Not related to the clinical question.
Jung, R. E., Pjetursson, B. E., Glauser, R., Zembic, A., Zwahlen, M. & Lang, N. P. (2008) A systematic review of the 5-year survival and complication rates of implant-supported single crowns. Clinical Oral Implants Research 19, 119-130.
Reason: Not related to the clinical question.
Kanno, T., Nakamura, K., Hayashi, E., Kimura, K. & Hirooka, H. (2008) [What prosthodontic therapy should we select for periodontally compromised patients? Part 2: Review of the literature focusing on conventional prosthodontic therapy for periodontally compromised patients and clinical implication (RPD vs FPD vs implant)]. Nihon Hotetsu Shika Gakkai
Zasshi 52, 143-149.

Reason: Not related to the clinical question.
Kanno, T., Nakamura, K., Hayashi, E., Kimura, K., Hirooka, H. & Kimura, K. (2008) [What prosthodontic therapy should we select for periodontally compromised patients? Part 1:
Review of the literature focusing on implant therapy for periodontally compromised patients].
Nihon Hotetsu Shika Gakkai Zasshi 52 , 135-42.
Reason:Authors did not identify their publication as systematic review.
Klinge, B., Gustafsson, A. & Berglundh, T. (2002) A systematic review of the effect of antiinfective therapy in the treatment of peri-implantitis. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 29
Suppl 3, 213-225; discussion 232-213.
Reason: Not related to the clinical question.
Kotsovilis, S., Karoussis, I. K., Trianti, M. & Fourmousis, I. (2008) Therapy of periimplantitis: a systematic review. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 35, 621-629.
Reason: Not related to the clinical question.
Lang, N. P., Jepsen, S. & Working Group 4. (2009) Implant surfaces and design (Working
Group 4). Clinical Oral Implants Research 20 Suppl 4 , 228-31.
Reason: Not related to the clinical question.
Lang, N. P., Bosshardt, D. D. & Lulic, M. (2011) Do mucositis lesions around implants differ from gingivitis lesions around teeth? Journal of Clinical Periodontology 38 Suppl 11 , 182-7.
Reason: Not related to the clinical question.
Liddelow, G. & Klineberg, I. (2011) Patient-related risk factors for implant therapy. A critique of pertinent literature. Australian Dental Journal 56 , 417-26.
Reason: provided only a summary in a form of narrative review of previous studies
(after full-text assessment).
Martin, W., Lewis, E. & Nicol, A. (2009) Local risk factors for implant therapy. International
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Implants 24 Suppl , 28-38.
Reason: Not related to the clinical question (after full-text assessment).
Mombelli, A. & Décaillet, F. (2011) The characteristics of biofilms in peri-implant disease.
Journal of Clinical Periodontology 38 Suppl 11 , 203-13.
Reason: Not related to the clinical question.
Nelson, S. & Thomas, G. (2010) Bacterial persistence in dentoalveolar bone following extraction: a microbiological study and implications for dental implant treatment. Clinical
Implant Dentistry and Related Research 12 , 306-14.
Reason: Not related to the clinical question.
Porter, J. A. & von Fraunhofer, J. A. (2005) Success or failure of dental implants? A literature review with treatment considerations. General Dentistry 53 , 423-32
Reason: Not related to the clinical question.
Pretzl, B., Wiedemann, D., Cosgarea, R., Kaltschmitt, J., Kim, T. S., Staehle, H. J. &
Eickholz, P. (2009) Effort and costs of tooth preservation in supportive periodontal treatment in a German population. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 36 , 669-76.
Reason: Not related to the clinical question.

Pye, A. D., Lockhart, D. E., Dawson, M. P., Murray, C. A. & Smith, A. J. (2009) A review of dental implants and infection. Journal of Hospital Infection 72, 104-110.
Reason: Non-systematic review (after full-text assessment).
Quirynen, M., Abarca, M., Van Assche, N., Nevins, M. & van Steenberghe, D. (2007) Impact of supportive periodontal therapy and implant surface roughness on implant outcome in patients with a history of periodontitis. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 34 , 805-15.
Reason:Authors did not identify their publication as systematic review.
Reddy, M. S., Geurs, N. C. & Gunsolley, J. C. (2003) Periodontal host modulation with antiproteinase, anti-inflammatory, and bone-sparing agents. A systematic review. Annals of
Periodontology 8, 12-37.
Reason: Not related to the clinical question.
Renvert, S., Polyzois, I. & Maguire, R. (2009) Re-osseointegration on previously contaminated surfaces: a systematic review. Clinical Oral Implants Research 20 Suppl 4,
216-227.
Reason: Not related to the clinical question.
Renvert, S., Roos-Jansaker, A. M. & Claffey, N. (2008) Non-surgical treatment of periimplant mucositis and peri-implantitis: a literature review. Journal of Clinical Periodontology
35, 305-315.
Reason: Not related to the clinical question.
Sahrmann, P., Attin, T. & Schmidlin, P. R. (2011) Regenerative treatment of peri-implantitis using bone substitutes and membrane: a systematic review. Clinical Implant Dentistry Related
Research 13, 46-57.
Reason: Not related to the clinical question.
Salvi, G. E., Carollo-Bittel, B. & Lang, N. P. (2008) Effects of diabetes mellitus on periodontal and peri-implant conditions: update on associations and risks. Journal of Clinical
Periodontology 35, 398-409.
Reason: Not related to the clinical question.
Teughels, W., Van Assche, N., Sliepen, I. & Quirynen, M. (2006) Effect of material characteristics and/or surface topography on biofilm development. Clinical Oral Implants
Research 17 Suppl 2, 68-81.
Reason: Not related to the clinical question.
Waasdorp, J. A., Evian, C. I. & Mandracchia, M. (2010) Immediate placement of implants into infected sites: a systematic review of the literature. Journal of Periodontology 81, 801-
808.
Reason: Not related to the clinical question.
Zitzmann, N. U. & Berglundh, T. (2008) Definition and prevalence of peri-implant diseases.
Journal of Clinical Periodontology 35, 286-291.
Reason: Not related to the clinical question.