Science 30 – Unit 2 – UNIT TEST
(1 mark)
Name:
1. Compared to each other, the molecules of butane and 2-methylpropane have
the same numbers of carbon and hydrogen atoms. However, the boiling point
of
2-methylpropane—also known as isobutane—is about 10°C lower than the
boiling point of butane. Based on its systematic name, what is the structure
of
2-methylpropane?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer:
(1 mark)
2. Which of the following diagrams represents propane?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer:
(3 marks)
3. Match each description with an appropriate term from the following list.
Place your answer in the blank space given.
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)
synthetic organic molecules
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
functional group
halogenated hydrocarbon
antioxidant
a. synthetic organic molecules in which hydrogen atoms are
replaced with chlorine and fluorine atoms
b. any hydrocarbon molecule that has one or more hydrogen
atoms replaced by atoms of chlorine and fluorine, bromine,
or iodine
c. a certain arrangement of atoms or groups of atoms attached
to an organic molecule
d. a substance present within the body tissue (or other
materials) that reacts with free radicals to protect important
components
e. any manufactured compound containing carbon atoms
f. a compound that contains multiple benzene rings
(2 marks)
4. Match each structural formula with the appropriate family name listed. Place
your answer in the blank space given.
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
alcohol
carboxylic acid
hydrocarbon
halogenated hydrocarbon
a.
b.
c.
d.
(2 marks)
5. The incomplete combustion of oils can produce polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs). Explain why exposure to PAHs can be harmful to
living things.
Answer:
6. Give the systematic name for each of the following molecules.
(1 mark)
a.
Answer:
(1 mark)
b.
Answer:
(1 mark)
c.
Answer:
(1 mark)
d.
Answer:
(3 marks)
7. Suppose you are helping to dispose of an old non-working refrigerator or
air-conditioning unit found in the home of an elderly relative. Explain why it
is important to ensure the refrigerant in the appliance is properly disposed of.
Answer:
(2 marks)
8. Alberta’s Swan Hills Hazardous Waste Treatment Facility uses temperatures
of over 1200°C to incinerate organic waste in solid, liquid, or sludge form.
The organic waste includes CFCs and PCBs. Give an explanation you can
think of why such high temperatures are necessary to treat the organic waste.
Answer:
For questions 11 to 14, read each question carefully. Decide which of the choices
BEST answers the question. Place your answer in the blank space given.
(1 mark)
9. In systematic names for esters, which suffix is used?
A.
B.
C.
D.
…diol
…oate
…oic
…ane
Answer:
(1 mark)
10. Which type of organic compound is commonly used as both a disinfectant
and a solvent?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ester
alcohol
hydrocarbon
carboxylic acid
Answer:
(1 mark)
11. Which type of organic compound is commonly used as a cleaner and as an
ingredient in foods?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ester
alcohol
hydrocarbon
carboxylic acid
Answer:
(1 mark)
12. Which alcohol combines with carboxylic acid to produce the ester called
ethyl butanoate?
A.
B.
C.
D.
butan-1-ol
butan-2-ol
ethanol
propan-1-ol
Answer:
(2 marks)
13. Decide whether each statement is true (T) or false (F). Place your answer in the
blank space given.
a.
b.
c.
d.
More than one structure is possible for propanoic acid.
Methanol is soluble in water.
There are esters that occur naturally.
Ethanoic acid is made from ethanol.
(3 marks)
14. Match each description with the appropriate term listed. Place your answer in
the blank space given.
i. bioplastic
iii. carboxyl functional group
v. plastic
ii. biodegradable
iv. hydroxyl functional group
vi. polyester
a. a material that can be shaped or molded with or without the
application of heat
b. a polymer containing many ester groups
c. an organic polymer produced by plants or bacteria that can
be used instead of synthetic polymers to form materials
d. having the ability to be broken down by natural mechanisms
e. the chemical structure represented by R–OH
f. the organic chemical structure composed of a carbonyl
functional group and a hydroxyl functional group
15. Butanoic acid, also known as butyric acid, is found in butter that has gone
rancid.
It is also found in parmesan cheese and even in vomit. It has a foul smell and
a harsh flavour, yet its aftertaste is pleasantly sweet. Although butanoic acid
is naturally occurring, it is also produced synthetically for use as a flavouring
in foods.
The structure of butanoic acid is as follows.
(2 marks)
a. Using structural diagrams, write an equation to show the reaction of
butanoic acid with water to produce a hydronium ion and a conjugate
base. Label the reactants and products.
Answer:
(2 marks)
b. Use structural diagrams to show the reaction between propanol and
butanoic acid to produce an ester. Indicate which one of the products of
the reaction is the ester. Then identify the reactants and the remaining
product with their systematic names.
Answer:
(1 mark)
16. In “Making Esters” you add two solutions to the test tube just before adding
the sulfuric acid. The added solutions contain molecules from two groups of
organic substances. Name these two groups of organic substances.
Answer:
17. Give the systematic name for the following molecules.
(1 mark)
a.
Answer:
(1 mark)
b.
Answer:
(1 mark)
c.
Answer:
(1 mark)
d.
Answer:
(1 mark)
18. A student collected the following data when doing a biochemical oxygen
demand test on four samples of water from a river.
DISSOLVED OXYGEN CONCENTRATION
Sample I Sample II Sample III Sample IV
Start 10 mg/L 9.0 mg/L 10 mg/L
6.0 mg/L
End 7.0 mg/L 8.0 mg/L 9.0 mg/L
3.0 mg/L
Based on the data, which sample is most likely obtained from river water
upstream of all major cities?
A.
Sample I
B.
Sample II
C.
Sample III
D. Sample IV
Answer:
(1 mark)
19. Bisphenol-A is used in the manufacture of plastics. When ingested, as in a
food contaminant, bisphenol-A affects human development because it
A.
disrupts the migration of nutrients across the wall of the small
intestine
B.
mimics the function of the female sex hormone estrogen
C.
interferes with mitochondrial activity
D. changes the pH of gastric juices
Answer:
(1 mark)
20. The following graph shows pesticide sales by sector for three different years.
Based on your own interpretation of the graph, which of the following would
you consider to be a valid reason for using a logarithmic scale for the vertical
axis rather than a linear scale?
A.
The logarithmic scale was used to exaggerate agricultural use.
B.
The logarithmic scale was used to overstate domestic use.
C.
The linear scale would have obscured the changes over time.
D. A linear scale would have kept the industrial and domestic bars too short
to be easily read.
Answer:
(1 mark)
21. The effect on indoor air quality of off-gassing from new synthetic building
materials is a concern because of the release of
A.
volatile organic compounds
B.
carbon dioxide
C.
water vapour
D. NOx gases
Answer:
(3 marks)
22. Decide whether each statement is true (T) or false (F). Place your answer in the
blank space given.
a. A broad-spectrum pesticide is a chemical substance that can control
the population of a large variety of organisms.
b. LC50 is the dosage of a chemical substance that kills half of the
population tested within a specified time.
c. The grasshopper effect is the measure of the effect of a pesticide
on a population of mature grasshoppers (or locusts).
d. Winterkill is the depletion of carbon dioxide in an ice-covered body
of water.
e. An eutrophic body of water has excessive plant growth due to a rich
supply of nutrients.
f. BOD is a measure of the amount of oxygen required by the living
aquatic organisms in a body of water.
(3 marks)
23. Match each description with the appropriate term listed. Place your answer in
the blank space given.
i. drift
iii. organic matter
v. target specificity
ii. LD50
iv. persistence
vi. toxin
a. a substance that can have harmful effects
b. the dosage of a chemical substance, given all at once, that
kills half the population tested within a specified time
c. the resistance of a chemical substance being broken down by
biological or chemical means
d. the range of organisms affected by a pesticide
e. the transfer of a pesticide by wind or air currents from the
location where it is sprayed
f. waste or decaying material from plants or animals
(2 marks)
24. Recognizable logos appear on some products to certify they are
environmentally friendly.
© prism_68/shutterstock
Describe four ways in which products carrying such logos can be more
environmentally friendly than other products.
Answer:
25. In the activity “Risk-Benefit Analysis of Renovation Materials” on page 281
of the textbook, building materials were evaluated.
Based on the risk-benefit analysis in this activity, describe how
environmentally friendly paints compare with traditional paints from the
following perspectives.
(1 mark)
a. economic
Answer:
(1 mark)
b. technological
Answer:
(1 mark)
c. ecological
Answer:
26. 2,4-D is the active ingredient in many broad-leaf herbicides. The carboxylic
acid form of 2,4-D is as shown in the following diagram.
(2 marks)
a. The ester forms of this herbicide are also effective. Draw the 2,4-D ester
that would be produced when 2,4-D reacts with ethanol.
Answer:
(2 marks)
b. The esters of 2, 4-D are particularly effective against woody plants on
pastureland but may be more toxic for birds. For birds, the acidic form of
2, 4-D has an LD50 equal to approximately 500 mg/kg. Assume the esters
of 2, 4-D are more toxic for birds. Indicate whether the LD50 of the ester
form for birds will be numerically higher or lower than the acidic form.
Explain your answer.
Answer:
(1 mark)
27. Explain why pesticides should not be used over an extended period of time.
Answer: