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Section 7.2 Guided Notes
___________________ transports weathered materials across Earth’s surface until they
are _______________________. The process of weathering breaks _________ and
___________ into smaller pieces, but never moves it. The ____________________ of
weathered rock and soil from its _______________________ is a process called
_____________. Erosion can remove ____________ through a number of different agents
including ____________ ____________, glaciers, _____________, ocean currents, and
__________. After the materials are ________________, they are dropped in another location in
a process called _______________. __________________ is associated with many erosional
agents because the force of gravity tends to __________ all materials ____________. Without
gravity, neither _________________ nor __________________ would flow. In the process of
erosion, gravity pulls __________ ___________ downslope. The effects of gravity on erosion
by running water can often produce __________________ landscapes with ________________
valleys.
__________________ ______________ is perhaps the most powerful agent of erosion.
______________ erosion can reshape entire ________________________. Stream erosion is
greatest when a _____________ volume of water is moving ___________________, such as
during _______________ _____________ and ___________________ _________________.
Water flowing down steep slopes has additional ___________________ potential resulting from
_________________, causing it to cut downward into the slopes, carving steep
_______________ and carrying away _____________ and ____________. The
_______________________________ River carries over 400,000 metric tons of sediment each
day from thousands of kilometers away due to the _______________ of ________________ in
the river. ________________ by water can have destructive results. Water flowing downslope
can carry away fertile ___________________________ soil. __________
____________________ develops when running water cuts small _______________ into the
side of a slope. When a channel becomes __________________ and ______________, rill
erosion evolves into _________________ erosion. Gullies can be more than ________________
deep and can cause major problems in ________________________ and ___________________
areas. Each year, streams carry ________________________ of metric tons of
_________________________ and _____________________________ materials to coastal
areas. Once a river enters the ocean, the current ____________________ __________________,
which reduces the potential of the stream to carry sediment. As a result, streams
__________________ large amounts of sediments in the region where they enter the ocean. The
buildup of sediments over time forms ___________________. The volume of
_______________ flow and the action of _________________ determines the
_________________ of deltas, most of which contain fertile soil. Erosion of materials also
occurs along the _________________ _________________ and at continental and island
_____________________. The work of ocean ______________________, _______________,
and __________________ carves out _________________, _________________, and other
features along the continents’ edges. _____________________ particles accumulate on
shorelines and form _________________________ and _________________________. The
constant movement of ___________________ and the availability of accumulated weathered
material result in a ________________________ ______________________ process. Sand
along a shoreline is repeatedly ________________ up, ______________________, and
__________________________ by ocean currents. As a result, _______________________
form from offshore sand deposits. If the sandbars continue to be built up with sediments, they
can develop into ___________________ ________________________. Just as shorelines are
built by the process of __________________________ in some areas, they are reduced by the
process of _______________________ _________________________ in other areas. Changing
__________________ and conditions associated with ____________________ ______________
can also have a great impact on coastal erosion. ________________ ______________________
and ______________________ _____________________ along shorelines have led to attempts
to control the erosion of sand. However, efforts to keep the sand on one
____________________ disrupt the ______________________ ________________________
of sand along the shore, depleting sand from another area.
Although ___________________ currently cover less than _____________ of Earth’s
surface, they have covered over 30% of Earth’s surface in the past. Their erosional effects are
______________________________ and dramatic. Glaciers ____________ and ____________
out large sections of the Earth’s landscape. Because they can move as _______________,
enormous rivers of slowly floating __________, glaciers have the capacity to carry huge
_______________ and piles of __________________ over great distances and grind the rocks
beneath them into __________________________ ________________________. The effects of
glaciers on the landscape also include deposition.
__________________ can be a major erosional agent, especially in ___________ and
__________________________ regions. Such regions tend to have little
_____________________ to hold soil in place. Wind can easily pick up and move fine, dry,
particles. The effects of wind erosion can be both dramatic and devastating. The
______________________ ___________________ of windblown particles can damage both
natural ______________________ and human-made ___________________. Winds can blow
against the force of gravity and easily move fine-grained ______________________ and
_______________ uphill. One farming method that can reduce the effects of wind erosion is the
planting of _____________ ____________________, also called _______________________.
Windbreaks are __________________ or other _____________________ planted perpendicular
to the direction of the ________________. A wind barrier might be a row of trees along the
edge of a field. In addition to reducing erosion, wind barriers can ______________ blowing
snow, _______________________ moisture, and ___________________ crops from the effects
of the wind. A windbreak can reduce the speed of the wind for distances up to 30 times the
height of the tree.
___________________ and _____________________ also play a role in erosion. As
plants and animals carry out their _______________ _________________________, they move
Earth’s surface materials from one place to another. For example, earth materials are moved
when animals __________________ into the soil. _________________ a garden,
___________________ a new athletic field, and ______________________ a highway are all
examples of human activities that result in the moving of Earth materials from one place to
another.
SUMMARY CHART FOR 4 AGENTS OF EROSION
Erosion