Kinematic Marker Placement for Tilt-Cycle Research
Make sure clothes are tight and tucked in for loose marker placement. All of the
loose markers are attached using the circular double-sided stickers and
reinforced with duct tape to make sure they don’t go anywhere. Bilateral markers
should be even with each other and consistent from limb to limb.
1. Toe: This marker is placed on the 2nd metatarsal-phalangeal joint on top of
the shoe. This should be done on each foot using 2 markers.
2. 5th Metatarsal: Feel for this on the lateral side of the foot. It is the larger
bump right below the little toe. This should be done on each foot
using2 markers.
3. 1st Metatarsal: Feel for this on the medial side of the foot. It is the larger
bump right below the big toe. This should be done on each foot using2
markers.
4. Heel: These markers just go on the heel of the shoe. One marker will go
on the bottom near the bottom of the heel, and one marker will go above
that around the top of the heel. The two markers should be vertically in
line with each other. This should be done on each foot using 4 markers
5. Lateral Heel: This marker will go on the lateral side of the heel of the
shoe, slightly behind the lateral malleolus. This should be done on each
foot using 2 markers. The 3 heel markers together should be far enough
apart so that the camera system can identify each from the other.
6. Lateral Malleolus: This marker goes slightly forward on the lateral
malleolus (ankle bone). This should be done on each leg using 2 markers.
7. Medial Malleolus: This marker goes slightly backward on the medial
malleolus (ankle bone). This should be done on each leg using 2 markers.
8. Shank Tracking Markers: These markers should be placed in a
rectangular shape along the lateral side of the shank of each leg, to
simulate the marker plates. This should be done on each leg using 8
markers.
9. Lateral Knee Joint Space: To find this, straighten the leg and feel for the
head of the fibula. Move your finger up and slightly medial to feel for the
ligament. Between these two spots, you can feel for a small space that
becomes more prominent by bending the knee a couple times. When the
marker is on, it shouldn’t move much as the knee bends and should act
more as an axis. This should be done on each leg using 2 markers.
10. Medial Knee Joint Space: To find this, feel for where the bones meet on
the medial side of the knee. This is medial to the bottom of the kneecap.
Feel medially to that with your fingers and you can find the medial
ligament. This is harder to feel, but just apply a little pressure and move
back and forth a little until you are sure you’ve found it. There will be a
joint space right in front of this ligament where the marker goes. This
marker shouldn’t move much when bending the knee, and should act
more as an axis. This should be done on each leg using 2 markers.
11. Thigh Tracking Markers: These markers should be placed in a
rectangular shape along the lateral side of each thigh, to simulate the
marker plates. This should be done on each leg using 8 markers.
12. Greater Trochanter: To find this, have the subject standing with their
weight on the opposite leg. Have the leg that the marker is being placed
on up on the toe with the leg slightly bent. The greater trochanter can be
found by twisting the whole leg on the toe and feeling slightly below and
behind the hip. You can feel the ball going back and forth, and the marker
goes there. This should be done on each leg using 2 markers.
13. Iliac Crest: This marker goes on the highest point of the iliac crest (hip
bone). It should be in line vertically with the greater trochanter markers.
This should be done on each hip using 2 markers.
14. Anterior Superior Iliac Spine: This is located on the front pelvis. Feel for
this by having the subject bend backward slightly and feel for where the
iliac spine comes to an end. It should be lower than the iliac crest markers.
This should be done with 2 markers.
Make sure the markers are taped down well with the duct tape, as they need to
stay that way for the calibration and the entire test.
After the standing calibration is complete the following markers can be removed
for testing: 5th metatarsal, 1st metatarsal, lateral heel, medial malleoli, and medial
knee joint.