December 2015
National Data Requirements
for inclusion in the current TiVA data infrastructure
1. Optimal data requirements
In order to be integrated into OECD’s Inter-County Input-Output (ICIO) system, so that TiVA
indicators can be generated, countries would ideally provide the following annual data1, on a
timely basis (preferably one to two years after the reference period to which the data refer),
with data going back to 1995.

National Accounts time series
o Expenditures: main components: Household Final Consumption, General
Government Final Consumption, Non-Profit Institutions Serving Households (NPISHs),
Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF), Valuables, Changes in Inventories and Exports
and Imports of goods and services (both with f.o.b. valuation).
o Output and value added by industry (in basic prices)
o Tourism Satellite Account following international recommendations in Tourism
Satellite Account: Recommended Methodological Framework 2008
o Household Consumption according to COICOP

Supply and Use tables (SUTs) with at least the 34 industries (and equivalent
products) targeted in the ICIO: www.oecd.org/sti/ind/tiva/TiVA_2015_Industry_List.pdf.
o Tables compiled in accordance with the 1993 System of National Accounts (SNA). If
data have been compiled according to SNA2008, the following supplementary
information is required: i) the nature of adjustments made to merchandise trade
statistics to reflect changes introduced by SNA08 for measuring ‘Goods for Processing’
and ii) additional information describing adjustments to account for ‘Merchanting’.
o The SNA recommends that all intermediate consumption transactions in Use tables
are recorded on a “Purchasers Prices” basis. For the purposes of TiVA, all intermediate
consumption transactions at “Basic Prices” are also required, with complementary
tables showing the difference between two valuations, split into “Distribution Margin”
and “Taxes and Subsidies” components. Ideally these two sub-components should be
made available at the most detailed level possible. For example, the Distribution
component could be split separately into margins provided by Wholesalers, Retailers,
Transport and other industries as relevant. Similarly, Taxes and Subsidies on products
for intermediate and final expenditures could be split by the specific type of tax or
subsidy, in particular any import taxes (duties).
o Similar breakdowns of Purchasers Price transactions – into at least a Margin and
Taxes/Subsidies component – are required all categories of Final Demand: Household
Final Consumption, General Government Final Consumption, Non-Profit Institutions
Serving Households (NPISH), Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF), Valuables,
Changes in Inventories and Exports.
o Use tables should be split into two parts: A domestic component showing all
purchases of goods and services provided directly by domestic industries; and imports,
showing all purchases of imported goods and services. Preferably, imports valued on a
f.o.b. basis i.e. exports at purchasers’ prices from exporters’ perspective.
If a country already provides a set of data in the required format on their website or regularly submit
data to regional or international organisations, necessary references can be provided to OECD secretariat.
1
1
December 2015
o Within Use tables, show Residents’ expenditure abroad separately as part of total
imports and, broken down by specific products. Show Non-Residents’ expenditure in
the host economy separately as part of exports or household consumption in domestic
territory, also broken down by specific products.
o Within Use tables, Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM)
should be distributed across industries.
o Within Supply tables, include a “Make’ matrix showing the types of products
produced by industries in Basic Prices, and include supplementary columns for
Imports, Distribution margins, and Taxes and Subsidies, as specified in the SNA.
o Imports in the Supply column should be provided on both a c.i.f. basis, with total
imports on a f.o.b. basis. The c.i.f. / f.o.b. adjustment should be broken down into a
complementary column allocated to each specific product such that all transactions in
goods are shown on a f.o.b. basis. If possible any information on the country source of
the c.i.f. component should be provided.
2
December 2015

Bilateral Trade in Goods (merchandise trade statistics) should be produced at least
at a 6-digit level of the Harmonised System (HS). Imports should be shown on both an f.o.b.
and c.i.f. basis.
o Bilateral data should be as coherent as possible with equivalent data reported by
partner countries.
o Data should also be made available on an aggregated basis at the same product
level used in the Supply-Use tables. The concordance relationship used to aggregate HS
products to the more detailed product groupings in the Supply Use tables should also
be provided.
o A description of any adjustments made to HS import and export merchandise trade
data to arrive at the Import and Export column data used in the Supply Use tables
should be provided, in particular for transactions concerning ‘Goods for Processing’
and ‘Merchanting’ if relevant.
o Confidential trade: In some countries, disclosure rules suppress 6-digit HS
components in and also higher 2-digit HS chapter levels. This should be avoided where
possible by adopting other forms of preserving confidentiality, such as suppressing
another 6-digit category.
o Information on re-exports (and re-imports) should also be provided - by product,
origin and destination - differentiating between transit trade and trade passing
through entrepots where distribution margins are often incurred.
o The 6-digit HS codes, and thus reported trade in Comtrade, cannot differentiate
between new and old capital goods (such as second-hand aircraft, ships, and cars). Any
additional information that can be provided to identify these flows is useful to
differentiate end-use categories (http://oe.cd/btd)
o Unidentified scrap and waste: Certain types of waste and scrap do not have
separate 6-digit HS codes—e.g., Personal computers and other electrical equipment
exported (often to developing countries) for recycling. Any additional information that
can be provided to identify these flows should be provided

Bilateral Trade in Services data, at least at the 2-digit level described in the
Extended Balance of Payments Services Classification, EBOPS 2010, should be provided:
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/tradekb/Knowledgebase/MSITS-2010.
o Bilateral data should be as coherent as possible with equivalent data reported by
partner countries.
o Additional information should specify whether data follow the Sixth Edition of the
Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual (BPM6) or BPM5.

Annual industry by industry Input-Output tables at basic prices
Tables should be compiled in basic prices and a separate Import flow matrix should be
provided consistent with the Import matrix derived from the Use tables above.

All data should be consistent with published National Accounts at the time of their
release. Any significant revisions made to the National Accounts but not to the SupplyUse or Input-Output tables should be flagged-up.
3
December 2015
2. Minimum Data Requirements
The bare minimum for a country’s integration into the ICIO (and hence TiVA) infrastructure is
the existence of official national SUTs or IOTs.
o Tables should be made available using the industry breakdown at least at the 34
industries (and equivalent products) targeted in the underlying OECD InterCountry Input-Output (ICIO) system
o The product classification used in supply and use tables, on the other hand, is
flexible for each country. However, it is recommended to have as detail breakdown
as possible to match the 34 industries mentioned above.
o Where this is not possible every attempt must be made to ensure that industries at
the 2-digit ISIC Rev. 3 level of classification are not grouped together when both
industries are significant exporters (more than 5% of total exports).
o To supplement the table, countries should also provide a time-series of valueadded and gross output by industry at as detailed a level as possible in National
Accounts framework. This information should be at basic prices.
o The table(s) must be for a relatively recent period.
It is important to note that whilst the minimum data requirements will allow inclusion in the
TiVA database, the more data provided, and the closer to the ideal data requirements, the
greater the quality of TiVA data for the country in question.
Table: summary of data sources
Source
C omponent
Minimum level of
detail
National Accounts
Main components of expenditures
Output and value added by industry
value added components
final consumption expenditures
Tourism satellite account (inbound
and outbound)
Supply table
Product by industry
Distribution margin
Taxes less subsidies margin
Imports at cif
Use table at purchasers' prices Product by industry
(domestic and import transactions)
Use table at basic price
Product by industry
(domestic and import transactions)
Input-Output table at basic price Industry-by-industry
(and/or product-by-product)
Merchandise trade
Exports and Imports
of which re-exports and re-imports
Services trade
BPM5-based inflow and outflow
4
OECD ICIO34
OECD ICIO34
COICOP (two-digit)
TSA RMF 2008
OECD ICIO34
OECD ICIO34
OECD ICIO34
OECD ICIO34
HS 6 digit
EBOPS2010 2 digit
December 2015
Template formats for SUTs, IOTs and trade statistics
Figure 1: Supply table
Industry 1
…
Industry 34 Output (bp) Imports*
Total
supply
(bp)
Taxes on Subsidies on Distribution
products
products
margins
Total
supply
(pu)
Product 1
…
Product 34
Output (bp )
(pu ): purchasers' prices
(bp ): basic price
* Ideally, imports are valued at fob price i.e. international disgtribution margins are excluded from goods imports
Figure 2: Use table at purchasers’ prices
Intermediate demand
Sector 1
…
Sector 34
Final expenditure
Exports
Domestic
demand**
Imports
Direct
Cross-border non-residents' Cross-border
purchases by
exports
expenditures
imports
residents
Total
use
Product 1 (domestic and import)*
…
Product 34 (domestic and import)*
Total intermediate /
final expenditure (pu)
Value added (bp )
of which , Labour compensation
of which , other taxes on production
of which , consumption of fixed capital
of which , net operating surplus
Output (bp )
(pu ): purchasers' prices
(bp ): basic price
* Ideally imports and domestic products are separated
** Domestic demand includes household final consumption, general government final expenditure, NPISHs, Gross fixed capital
formation, Changes in inventories and valuables
Figure 3: Use table at basic prices
Intermediate demand
Sector 1
…
Sector 34
Final expenditure
Exports
Domestic
demand**
Imports
Cross-border non-residents' Cross-border Direct purchases
exports
expenditures
imports
by residents
Product 1 (domestic and import)*
…
Product 34 (domestic and import)*
Taxes less subsidies on intermediate
and final products
Total intermediate /
final expenditure (pu )
Value added (bp )
of which , Labour compensation
of which , other taxes on production
of which , consumption of fixed capital
of which , net operating surplus
Output (bp )
(pu ): purchasers' prices
(bp ): basic price
* Ideally imports and domestic products are separated
** Domestic demand includes household final consumption, general government final expenditure, NPISHs, Gross fixed capital formation, changes
in inventories and valuables
5
Total
use
December 2015
Figure 4: Symmetric Input-Output Table at basic prices
Intermediate demand
Sector 1
…
Sector 34
Domestic
demand**
Final expenditure
Cross-border
Direct purchases
exports
Sector 1 (domestic)
Output
(bp )
Expenditure
by nonres i dents
…
Sector 34 (domestic)
Sector 1 (imports, cif)*
Imports
of i ntermediate
products
…
Imports
of fi nal
products
Re-i mports
a nd
Re-exports
Di rect
purcha ses by
res i dents
Sector 34 (imports, cif)*
Taxes less subsidies on intermediate
and final products
Total intermediate / final expenditure (pu )
Value added (bp )
of which , Labour compensation
of which , other taxes on production
of which , consumption of fixed capital
of which , net operating surplus
Output (bp )
(pu ): purchasers' prices
(bp ): basic price
* Ideally, imports are valued at fob price i.e. international disgtribution margins are excluded from goods imports
** Domestic demand includes household final consumption, general government final expenditure, NPISHs, Gross fixed capital formation,
changes in inventories and valuables
Figure 5: International trade statistics
Merchandise goods
Year
Partner
1995
AUS
…
…
1995
BEL
…
…
…
…
2011
ZAF
HS code
value (USD)
010111 Horses, live pure-bred breeding
$$$
…
…
…
841911 Instantaneous gas water heaters
$$$
…
…
…
…
…
…
970600 Antiques older than one hundred years
$$$
Services
1995
Partner
country
AUS
1995
…
…
2011
AUS
…
…
ZAF
Year
Tourism
Year
1995
1995
…
…
2011
Inbound
Outbound
…
…
Outbound
EBOPS 2010
1
2
…
…
12
value (USD)
Manufacturing services on physical
inputs owned by others
Maintenance and repair services n.i.e.
…
…
Government goods and services n.i.e
Tourism Satellite Account
1
Accommodation services
2
Passenger trnasport services
…
…
…
…
Tourism connected products
6
$$$
…
…
…
$$$
value (USD)
$$$
$$$
…
…
$$$