III Unit English Worksheet
1) Use
Past Perfect
Simple Past
together with the Simple Past
When two past actions are combined - the
first action, which was completed before the
second one began, is put into Past Perfect.
action finished in the past
the past equivalent of the Present Perfect
series of completed actions in the past
2) Signal words
Past Perfect
Simple Past
no unambiguous ones
yesterday, last week, a month ago, in 2002
3) Form
Past Perfect
Simple Past
havd + past participle
regular verbs: infinitive + ed
irregular verbs:
2nd column of the table of the irregular
verbs
4) Examples
We use the the same form of the auxiliary (had) every time regardless the subject.
Past Perfect
Simple Past
4-1 Affirmative sentences
He had played hockey.
He'd played hockey.
He played hockey.
Past Perfect
Simple Past
4-2 Negative sentences
He had not played hockey.
He'd not played hockey.
He hadn't played hockey.
He did not play hockey.
He didn't play hockey.
Past Perfect
Simple Past
4-3 Questions
Had he played hockey?
Did he play hockey?
5) Spelling (Past Perfect and Simple Past)
stopped (Double the consonant after a short vowel.)
loved (one -e at the end of the word -> Leave out the -e and add -d.)
worried (consonant before -y ->Change to -ie.)
Simple Past/Past Simple - Brief version
Simple Past
Summary
Use
Signal words
Form of affirmative, negative sentences and questions
Spelling
Special verbs
Diagram
Pronunciation of the ending -ed
Simple Past - Complex Test 1
Exercises - Simple Past
Exercises - Irregular verbs
Use
1) action finished in the past
I visited Berlin last week.
2) series of completed actions in the past
First I got up, then I had breakfast
3) together with the Past Progressive/Continuous - The Simple Past interrupted an action which was in
progress in the past.
They were playing cards when the telephone rang.
Signal words
yesterday, last week, a month ago, in 2002
Form
- with regular verbs: infinitive + -ed
- with irregular verbs: 2nd column of the table of the irregular verbs
Examples
Affirmative sentences:
regular verbs
irregular verbs
I played football.
I went to the cinema.
We visited Alaska last year.
We were in Rome yesterday.
Negative sentences:
You must not negate a full verb in English. Always use the auxiliary did (Simple Past of to
do) for negations.
I
played
football.
I
didn't
play
football.
He
didn't
play
football.
Questions:
Use the auxiliary did (Simple Past of to do).
Did you play football?
Past Perfect
Summary
Use
Signal words
Form of affirmative, negative sentences and questions
Spelling
Special verbs
Diagram
Long forms and short forms
Exercises - Past Perfect
Past Perfect - Use
1) Together with the Simple Past
Mary had read the book before she watched a film.
2) the past equivalent of the Present Perfect
He had played hockey.
Signal words
no unambiguous ones
Form
had + past participle
Examples
Affirmative sentences:
I had played hockey.
I'd played hockey.
You had played hockey.
You'd played hockey.
Negative sentences:
I had not played hockey.
I'd not played hockey.
I hadn't played hockey.
You had not played hockey.
You'd not played hockey.
You hadn't played hockey.
Questions:
Had you played hockey?
Had you played hockey?
Attention
Past Perfect - Simple Past
Simple Past - Simple Past
The match had started when he arrived.
The match started when he arrived.
Present Perfect Simple
The present perfect simple expresses an action that is still going on or that stopped recently, but has an
influence on the present. It puts emphasis on the result.
Form of Present Perfect
Positive
I / you / we / they I have spoken.
he / she / it
Negative
Question
I have not spoken.
Have I spoken?
He has spoken. He has not spoken. Has he spoken?
For irregular verbs, use the participle form (see list of irregular verbs, 3rd column). For regular verbs,
just add “ed”.
Exceptions in Spelling when Adding ‘ed’
Exceptions in spelling when adding ed
after a final e only add d
Example
love – loved
final consonant after a short, stressed vowel
admit – admitted
or l as final consonant after a vowel is doubled travel – travelled
final y after a consonant becomes i
Use of Present Perfect

puts emphasis on the result
Example: She has written five letters.
hurry – hurried

action that is still going on
Example: School has not started yet.

action that stopped recently
Example: She has cooked dinner.

finished action that has an influence on the present
Example: I have lost my key.

action that has taken place once, never or several times before the moment of speaking
Example: I have never been to Australia.
Signal Words of Present Perfect

already, ever, just, never, not yet, so far, till now, up to now
Exercise on Present Perfect Simple
03
0
have or has
Fill the gaps with 'have' or 'has'.
1.
I
answered the question.
2.
She
3.
They
4.
You
5.
It
6.
We
washed the car.
7.
He
closed the window.
8.
Jenny
9.
The girls
opened the window.
called us.
carried a box.
rained a lot.
10. John and Sophie
locked the door.
visited the museum.
helped in the garden
Present Progressive - Introduction
The present progressive puts emphasis on the course or duration of an action.
The present progressive is used for actions going on in the moment of speaking and for actions taking
place only for a short period of time. It is also used to express development and actions that are arranged
for the near future.
Present progressive is also known as present continuous
Use:

am with the personal pronoun I

is with the personal pronouns he, she or it (or the singular form of nouns)

are with the personal pronouns you, we, they (or the plural form of nouns)
affirmative
negative
question
I
I am playing.
I am not playing.
Am I playing?
he, she, it
He is playing.
He is not playing.
Is he playing?
you, we,
they
You are playing. You are not playing.
Are you
playing?
Tips on how to form negative sentences and questions
In negative sentences, we put not between the form of be and the verb.
In questions, we simply swop the places of subject and the form of be.
Table of English Tenses
tense
Simple Present
Use
Signal
Words

action in the present
taking place once,
never or several times

facts
always,
every …,
never,
normally,
often, seldom,
Affirmative/Negative/Question
A: He speaks.
N: He does not speak.
Q: Does he speak?
Present Progressive
Simple Past
Past Progressive
Present Perfect Simple
Present Perfect
Progressive
A: He is speaking.
N: He is not speaking.
Q: Is he speaking?
A: He spoke.
N: He did not speak.
Q: Did he speak?
A: He was speaking.
N: He was not speaking.
Q: Was he speaking?
A: He has spoken.
N: He has not spoken.
Q: Has he spoken?
A: He has been speaking.
N: He has not been speaking.

actions taking place one
after another

action set by a timetable
or schedule

action taking place in
the moment of
speaking

action taking place only
for a limited period of
time

action arranged for the
future

action in the past taking
place once, never or
several times

actions taking place one
after another

action taking place in
the middle of another
action

action going on at a
certain time in the past

actions taking place at
the same time

action in the past that is
interrupted by another
action

putting emphasis on the
result

action that is still going
on

action that stopped
recently

finished action that has
an influence on the
present

action that has taken
place once, never or
several times before the
moment of speaking

putting emphasis on the
sometimes,
usually
if sentences
type I (If I
talk, …)
at the
moment, just,
just now,
Listen!,
Look!, now,
right now
yesterday, 2
minutes ago,
in 1990, the
other day, last
Friday
if sentence
type II (If I
talked, …)
when, while,
as long as
already, ever,
just, never,
not yet, so far,
till now, up to
now
all day, for 4
years, since
Q: Has he been speaking?
Past Perfect Simple
Past Perfect
Progressive
Future I Simple
Future I Simple
(going to)
Future I Progressive
A: He had spoken.
N: He had not spoken.
Q: Had he spoken?
A: He had been speaking.
N: He had not been speaking.
Q: Had he been speaking?
A: He will speak.
N: He will not speak.
Q: Will he speak?
A: He is going to speak.
N: He is not going to speak.
Q: Is he going to speak?
A: He will be speaking.
N: He will not be speaking.
Q: Will he be speaking?
course or duration
(not the result)
1993, how
long?, the
whole week

action that recently
stopped or is still going
on

finished action that
influenced the present

action taking place
before a certain time in
the past

sometimes
interchangeable with
past perfect progressive

putting emphasis only
on the fact (not the
duration)

action taking place
before a certain time in
the past

sometimes
interchangeable with
past perfect simple

putting emphasis on the
duration or course of
an action

action in the future that
cannot be influenced

spontaneous decision

assumption with regard
to the future
in a year,
next …,
tomorrow
If-Satz Typ I
(If you ask
her, she will
help you.)
assumption: I
think,
probably,
perhaps

decision made for the
future
in one year,
next week,
tomorrow

conclusion with regard
to the future

action that is going on
at a certain time in the
future

action that is sure to
happen in the near
already, just,
never, not yet,
once, until
that day
if sentence
type III (If I
had
talked, …)
for, since, the
whole day, all
day
in one year,
next week,
tomorrow
future
Future II Simple
A: He will have spoken.
N: He will not have spoken.
Q: Will he have spoken?
Future II Progressive
A: He will have been speaking.

N: He will not have been
speaking.
Q: Will he have been speaking?

action that will be
finished at a certain
time in the future
action taking place
before a certain time in
the future

putting emphasis on the
course of an action
Conditional I Simple
A: He would speak.
N: He would not speak.
Q: Would he speak?

action that might take
place
Conditional I
Progressive
A: He would be speaking.
N: He would not be speaking.
Q: Would he be speaking?

action that might take
place

putting emphasis on the
course / duration of
the action
Conditional II Simple
A: He would have spoken.

N: He would not have spoken.
Q: Would he have spoken?
Conditional II
Progressive
A: He would have been speaking.

N: He would not have been
speaking.
Q: Would he have been speaking?

action that might have
taken place in the past
action that might have
taken place in the past
puts emphasis on the
course / duration of
the action
by Monday, in
a week
for …, the last
couple of
hours, all day
long
if sentences
type II
(If I were you,
I would go
home.)
if sentences
type III
(If I had seen
that, I would
have helped.)