Contents
Acknowledgments
List of Tables, Figures, Maps
1. Scale and Community
2. Measuring Regional Authority
3. Trends in Regional Authority
4. Designing Jurisdictions
5. From Uniform to Differentiated Governance
6. The Effect of Community
7. Five Theses on Regional Governance
References
Index
List of Tables
Table 2.1: Measures of regional authority
Table 2.2: Self-rule
Table 2.3: Shared rule
Table 2.4: Polychoric factor analysis
Table 3.1: Trends in regional authority
Table 3.2: Regional tiers
Table 3.3: Establishment and disestablishment of regional tiers in 81 countries (1950-2010)
Table 3.4: Reforms in federal countries
Table 3.A.1: Country coverage
Table 4.1: Types of jurisdictional design
Table 4.2: Operationalizing jurisdictional design
Table 4.3: Jurisdictional design in 42 reforms
Table 4.4: Logit model for the effect of regime change on jurisdictional design
Table 4.A.1: Jurisdictional tiers and key correlates
Table 4.A.2: Operationalization: The effect of regime change on jurisdictional design
Table 4.A.3: Descriptives: The effect of regime change on jurisdictional design
Table 5.1. Types of differentiation
Table 5.2: Autonomy (1950-2010)
Table 5.3: Indigenous jurisdictions (1950-2010)
Table 5.4: Asymmetry (1950-2010)
Table 5.5: Dependency (1950-2010)
Table 6.1: Rokkan regions in 2010
Table 6.2: Cross-section estimation of RAI (1950-2010)
Table 6.3: Time-series cross-section estimation for eighty-one countries
Table 6.4: Democracy, community, and regional reform
Table 6A.1: Time-series cross-section estimation for non-federal countries
Table 6.A.2: Operationalization of independent variables
Table 6.A.3: Descriptives of independent variables
List of Figures
Figure 1.1: Policy cost curves
Figure 1.2: The ladder of governance
Figure 1.3a: Jurisdictional axes: Mendoza, Argentina
Figure 1.3b: Jurisdictional axes: Echternach, Luxembourg
Figure 1.3c: Jurisdictional axes: Chapel Hill, United States
Figure 2.1: Measurement model
Figure 3.1: Distribution of regional authority scores
Figure 3.2: Reforms at the country level
Figure 3.3: From uniform to differentiated governance
Figure 3.4: Reforms at the regional level
Figure 3.5: Democracy and regional authority
Figure 3.6: The evolution of representation
Figure 4.1: An analytical frame for jurisdictional design
Figure 4.2: Jurisdictional designs
Figure 4.3: Rokkan regions
Figure 4.4a: Napoleonic designs: Départements in Napoleonic France (1790)
Figure 4.4b: Napoleonic designs: Provincias in Napoleonic Spain (1833)
Figure 4.4c: Napoleonic designs: Vojvodships in Poland (1999)
Figure 4.4d: Napoleonic designs: Planski ryegioni in Macedonia (2008)
Figure 4.4e: Napoleonic designs: Regiuni de dezvoltare in Romania (1998)
Figure 4.4f: Napoleonic designs: Kraje in Slovakia (1996)
Figure 4.5a: Optimized designs: Regiones in Chile (1976)
Figure 4.5b: Optimized designs: Federalnyye okruga in Russia (2000)
Figure 4.6a: Rokkanian and irregular designs: Negeri-negeri in Malaysia (1957-63)
Figure 4.6b: Rokkanian and irregular designs: Comunidades in Spain (1979-83)
Figure 4.6c: Rokkanian and irregular designs: Perifereies in Greece (2011)
Figure 4.6d: Rokkanian and irregular designs: Regioni in Italy (1971)
Figure 4.6e: Rokkanian and irregular designs: Provinsi-provinsi in Indonesia (1950)
Figure 4.6f: Rokkanian and irregular designs: Provinsi-provinsi in Indonesia (2010)
Figure 5.1: Modes of differentiated regional governance
Figure 5.2: Paths of differentiation (1950-2010)
Figure 5.3: Shared rule in asymmetric and autonomous regions
Figures 6.1a and 6.1b: Annual regional authority
Figure 6.2: Annual change in regional authority
Figure 6.3: Language and prior statehood in democracies and autocracies
List of Maps
Map 4.1: A geometric design for France (1780)
Map 4.2: Départements in France (2015)
Abstract
The premise of this book is that jurisdictional design is shaped by the functional pressures that arise
from the logic of scale in providing public goods and by the preferences that people have regarding selfgovernment. The first has to do with the character of the public goods provided by government: their
scale economies, externalities, and informational asymmetries. The second has to do with how people
conceive and construct the groups to which they feel themselves belonging. We theorize that the
fundamental principles of scale and community explain basic features of regional governance
including the design of jurisdictions, the growth of differentiated governance, and the authority
of regions.
Keywords
Region, regionalism, multilevel governance, authority, community, scale, self-rule, shared rule