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Monaco
Image 1: Flag of
Monaco [7]
1. Introduction
The Genoese built a fortress on the site of present day Monaco in 1215. The current ruling Grimaldi
family first seized temporary control in 1297, and again in 1331, but they were not able to
permanently secure their holding until 1419. Economic development was spurred in the late 19th
century with a railroad linkup to France and the opening of a casino. Since then, the principality's
mild climate, splendid scenery, and gambling facilities have made Monaco world famous as a tourist
and recreation center. [1]
2. Basic information
2.1 General [2] [3]
Original name: Principaute de Monaco
Area: 2 sq km
Population: 30 539 (2011)
Relief: Mont Agel (140 m) – Mediterranean sea (0
m)
Geobioms: subtropical biota
Name: Monaco
Capital: Monaco
Location: 70 w.l. , 440 s. l.
Landuse: 0% arable land, 0% permanent crops,
100% other (urban area) (2005)
Climate: Mediterranean with mild, wet winters
and hot, dry summers
2.2 Political status [2] [3]
Established: 1419 (beginning of permanent rule by Government type: constitutional monarchy
the House of Grimaldi)
Regions: none, four quarters – Fontvieille, La
Time: GMT +1
Condamine, Monaco-Ville, Monte-Carlo
Integration: UN, OBSE
HDI: 0,946 GDP: 30,000 ($)
3. Map skills
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Four quarters – Fontvieille, La Condamine, Monaco-Ville, Monte-Carlo
Image 2: Map of Monaco [8]
Image 3: Map of Monaco [8]
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4. Population and Settlement
4.1 Demographics [2]
Monaco's population is unusual in that the native Monegasques are a minority in their own country
comprising 21.6% of the population. The largest group is French nationals at 28.4%. [2]
Ethnic groups
Percentage
French
28.4%
Monegasque
21.6%
Italian
18.7%
British
7.5%
Belgian
2.8%
German
2.5%
Swiss
2.5%
US
1.2%
Tab.: Ethnic Groups in Monaco [2]
4.2 Religion [4]
Monaco has a total population of 30,539. Out of this total population 90% of the people in Monaco
are adherents of the Roman Catholic faith. In fact, Roman Catholicism happens to be the state
religion of Monaco. Monaco religion is characterized
by the presence of religious freedom for all.
Roman Catholic faith in Monaco has an important
role to play in all festivals that are observed in
Monaco. Besides, Monaco religion also has the
feature of the absence of missionaries. Conversion is
discouraged by the state authorities, and in Monaco
there have been no cases of forced religious
conversions. However, there is the presence in
Monaco of a few organizations of religious nature
that are registered under the state.
The cultural life in Monaco is largely influenced by
Monaco religion. As such, the Church in Monaco is
[2]
found to play a very important role in all aspects of Image 4: Saint Nicholas Cathedral
life. Traditional ceremonies and rituals are found to be observed in the church during special
occasions like Feast Days. Some of the festivals that are observed in Monaco include Easter, Feast
Days of Saint Roman, Saint John and Saint Blaise. Besides, every year in January the people in
Monaco hold a ritual. This ritual is marked by torchlight processions and other religious ceremonies.
This day is believed to mark the occasion of Saint Devote's arrival to Monaco.
The religious belief of Monaco citizens with regard to afterlife and death is based on the teachings of
Roman Catholicism. [4]
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4.3 Language
[2]
The official language of Monaco is French. English is used by American and British residents. The
traditional national language is Monégasque, now spoken by only a minority of residents. It
resembles Ligurian, which is spoken in Genoa. In the old part of Monaco, street signs are printed in
both French and Monégasque. Italian is also spoken by the principality's sizable community from Italy.
[2]
4.4 Settlement
5. Economy [5] [1]
Monaco, a small country nestled between Alps mountainside and Mediterranean Sea, is a major
tourist destination. The geographical location, the massive influx of tourists and no burden of income
tax are the factors behind shaping up Monaco economy. The strong economy of Monaco prompts its
people to maintain a high standard of living. [5]
From the late 19th century Monaco economy began to develop tremendously with the opening of
casinos. The magnificent charm of casinos, hotel industry and the beauty of natural surroundings all
these have made tourism to develop very strongly here which is a major source of revenue
generating trade for Monaco. Apart from this the complete lack of income tax has prompted many
companies of foreign countries to invest here and enjoy the benefits. The mushrooming of foreign
companies has provided jobs for everybody so the rate of unemployment is 0% in Monaco. However
Monaco does not publish its economic figures so the rough estimation of this data can be given as
follows:
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GDP(Purchasing Power Parity): $976.3 million
GDP(Per Capita): $30,000
Inflation Rate: 1.9%
Revenues: $863 million
Exports: $716.3 million
Imports: $916.1 million
There is almost nil commercial agriculture in Monaco. Monaco is well known for its marine activities,
which of course contribute to its economy. Another major activity that generates revenue for
Monaco is real estate as the prices for property are sky high in Monaco and being a hub of glamour it
attracts celebrities as buyers. In a nutshell a tiny country like Monaco has developed quite a strong
economic backbone without having any kind of natural resources. [5] [1]
6. Tourism [2] [6] [9] [10] [11]
The beautiful location of Monaco, at the very center of Southern Europe, has made it popular among
the tourists of the whole world. The principality of Monaco is located beside the southern
Mediterranean Sea coast of France, and shares its border with Italy. Monaco is an independent and
sovereign state and it is also the second smallest state in the world. The principality of Monaco is
located in a region that features a Mediterranean climatic condition. The climate of this region is very
mild which includes wet winter season and hot and dry summer season. Not only because of its
position but also its climate condition which has make Monaco the popular tourism destination in
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Europe. Monaco tourism offers many popular travel destinations to the visitors. Some of the most
popular Monaco tourist destinations are:
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Avenue Saint-Martin
Palais du Prince
Harbor
Monaco Casino
Casino de Paris
Oceanographic Museum and Aquarium
Oceanographic Museum of Monaco was established in
the year 1910. Oceanographic Museum is a museum of
marine sciences. Founded by Prince Albert I, this museum
is a monument which includes unique architectural
characteristics. The Oceanographic Museum in Monaco is
a grand structure, with its magnificent front structure,
rising 279 feet above the sea level. This museum of
marine sciences took eleven years to build and it is made
up of 100,000 tons of stone bring from La Turbie. The Image 5: Oceanographic Museum of Monaco [12]
museum is a home to noteworthy collections of varied
species of sea fauna. [9]
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Jardin Exotique
The Exotic Garden of Monaco was introduced to the
public in the year 1933. Since then Exotic Garden of
Monaco has been a unique travel destination to the
visitors of the world. The Exotic Garden of Monaco is an
outdoor garden located in an impressive location. The
Exotic Garden in Monaco is a home to varied number of
succulent plants. Succulent plants have acquired
different ways to adjust with the dry climatic conditions.
Image 6: The Exotic Garden [12]
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Japanese Garden
The Japanese Garden in Monaco is a charming garden which has
been designed by Yasuo Beppu, who is a reputed landscape
architect of. The Japanese Garden of Monaco was constructed at
the request of Prince Rainier who wanted to fulfill the wish of
Princess Grace. Princess Grace had cherished this desire
throughout her life. The Japanese Garden is basically a genuine art
work which balances stone, water and vegetation in the most
wonderful way. [10]
Image 7: Japanese Garden [12]
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7. Key studies
 Formula One
Since 1955, the Monaco Grand Prix has been held annually in
the streets of Monaco. It is widely considered to be one of the
most prestigious automobile races in the world. The erection
of the Circuit de Monaco takes six weeks to complete, and the
removal after the race another three weeks. The circuit has
many elevation changes and tight corners, along with a tunnel.
This together with being incredibly narrow and tight makes it
perhaps the most demanding Formula One track. Only two Image 8: Grand Prix in Monaco [13]
drivers have ever crashed into the harbor, the most famous
being Alberto Ascari in the 1955 Monaco Grand Prix, just four days before losing his life at Monza.
The other was Paul Hawkins, during the 1965 Monaco Grand Prix. [2] [6]
 Monte Carlo Rally
The Monte Carlo Rally has been held since 1911, having originally been held at the behest of Prince
Albert I and is, like the principality's Grand Prix, organized by the Automobile Club de Monaco. It has
long been considered to be one of the toughest and most prestigious events in rallying and from
1973 to 2008 was the opening round of the World Rally Championship. From 2009 until 2011, the
rally served as the opening round of the Intercontinental Rally Challenge, having most recently been
run on the 19–22 January 2011 in celebration of the event's centenary.2012 will mark the return of
the Monte Carlo Rally to the WRC calendar with the event taking place from the 20–22 January 2012.
8. Pictures
Image 9: Sunset in Monte Carlo [2]
Image 10: Map of Monaco [1]
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Image 11: Monte Carlo [1]
Image 12: Prince´s Palace in Monaco [1]
9. Videos
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Zt3tvghhXg – How to live like a local in Monaco
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QLPNeuQV_vQ – Video about Monaco, (English)2 parts
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s9BaDmkqato – Monte-Carlo Casino (English)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DT7Gk6FJQI4 – Casino 2
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VxpFV1XCNyU – Grand prix (2011 Monaco)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3X7PYHWUQ_c – Grand prix
10. Tasks
Who is the actual king in Monaco?
Which other sports you can do in Monaco?
Who are the Grimaldis?
Which majority of people lives in Monaco, if not Monasque?
11. Dictionary
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casino
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References:
[1] https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mn.html
[2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco
[3] http://www.zemepis.com/Monako.php
[4] http://www.mapsofworld.com/monaco/people-culture-festivals/religion.html
[5] http://www.mapsofworld.com/monaco/economy/
[6] http://www.mapsofworld.com/monaco/tourism/
[7] http://www.ipacz.cz/kontakty/ipa-ve-svete/
[8] http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/europe/mc.htm
[9] http://www.mapsofworld.com/monaco/tourism/oceanographic-museum.html
[10] http://www.mapsofworld.com/monaco/tourism/japanese-garden.html
[11] http://www.mapsofworld.com/monaco/tourism/exotic-garden.html
[12] http://www.monacoauction.com/page/attractions
[13] http://www.formula1.com/races/in_detail/monaco_792/circuit_history.html