LTC13-P58 31October 2013 Learning and Teaching Committee Subject: Languages, Employability and Internationalisation at LU Origin: Working Group: Morag Bell, Jeremy Leaman, Jonathan Potter, Suzanne Dexter, Jennifer Nurtkins Executive Summary: This paper sets out the current provision of MFLs in the University. It demonstrates that there are opportunities to develop this provision within the context of the new University Strategy and to enhance the Student Experience. Action Required: LTC is asked to comment on the paper and support the recommendations National and International Context Modern Foreign Languages are facing declining enrolments at secondary school and university levels in the UK. This decline has been acknowledged by HEFCE. It has also provoked strong stakeholder concern over a shortage of MFL speakers (CBI, Institute of Exports, British Chambers of Commerce), not least when conducting commercial transactions internationally. The study of a second MFL is a standard feature of HE in all other countries of the EU. For example, of the approximately 450,000 European engineering graduates each year (excluding the UK), the overwhelming majority enter the labour market with a significant level of competence in another language. This also applies to continental graduates in Pure Sciences, Humanities and Social Sciences. In contrast a minority of UK engineering, science, humanities and social science graduates have a competent knowledge of a MFL. Universities with a similar profile to LU may offer a set of extra-curricular language courses. For example, York has a strong programme of courses that are attractively packaged and linked into the University prospective students links on its homepage: http://www.york.ac.uk/study/careers-skills/foreign-language/ They are certificated but they also run a series of degree level programmes in language. Exeter also has a ‘Foreign language centre’ offering certificated extra-curricular languages: http://www.exeter.ac.uk/undergraduate/studying/flc/ Bath is one of the most similar to LU in having a small number of languages embedded in a European Studies wrapper but supplemented by a foreign language centre. This is not as prominent on the website as York and Exeter. http://www.bath.ac.uk/flc/index.html 1 LTC13-P58 31October 2013 Current provision at LU LU was a pioneer in Languages with its influential European Studies programme in the 1970s and 1980s that was taught entirely in the foreign languages. Other HE institutions copied the model. However, demand declined in the 1990s and European Studies was transformed to keep up with changing student interests. This declining demand has continued and is shared by many HE institutions, probably as a consequence of a decline in MFLs as core elements of secondary school curricula. Current provision at LU is limited to the (credit-bearing) University-Wide Language Programme, and the extra-curricular evening classes. UWLP The UWLP covers 12 levels (one level per semester) with ab initio (1-6), GCSE (3-8), AS (5-10) and A-Level (7-12) Entry. A minority of programmes allow progression within the UWLP through four or six semesters. Many provide timetable space for just one semester of a MFL, the pedagogic value of which is limited. When MFL is provided as a timetable option, it is frequently competing with attractive and closely programme related option modules. Annual Registrations for UWLP have declined from 725 in 2009-10 to 709 in 201213, giving a student load of 50.5. The tapering effect of non-progression within UG programmes is evident in Table 1. This affects above all the higher levels, i.e. those at which MFL ‘competence’ is acquired. Some -153 (i.e. 22%) of the registrations are for Levels 7-12. Extra-Mural Programme The Extra-Mural Programme has had on average around 700 registrations annually over the last five/six years. The majority of these registrations are for lower level (16) modules. It should be noted that extra ‘low-level’ modules are made available in Semester Two for Schools/Departments whose programmes only have timetable space in one Semester. This level of registrations means that higher level modules in some less popular languages are sometimes cancelled if they do not reach the minimum of six registering. The income from registrations was £42,588 in 2012-13 and the cost of providing the service was £67,288. Staffing Currently, most of UWLP and Extra-Curricular teaching is delivered by hourly paid, part-time staff on Bought-in Teacher contracts. A colleague on a 0.6 contract administers the UWLP. A colleague on a temporary fixed term 0.5 contract administers the Language Centre and Extra-Curricular programme. Student interest A survey of current Loughborough undergraduates from March 2013 revealed considerable potential demand for enhanced provision of MFL, greater scope for progression in current programmes and the acquisition of much improved competence. These claims are, however, somewhat at odds with the registrations on the extra mural programme which is open to all. Strategic importance of MFL at LU Key findings from a range of research demonstrate that MFL knowledge improves both employability and earnings. (For example, a HEFCE report on ‘Graduates and 2 LTC13-P58 31October 2013 their early careers’1 showed that, three and a half years after graduating, languages graduates have the highest average salary of all graduates.) Currently, LU’s focuses its internationalisation strategy on attracting incoming international students; on promoting outward mobility of UK-based students through student exchanges and international placement opportunities; on international research collaboration; on the development of articulation agreements and some teaching exchanges. LU has student exchanges with several other European institutions, but there remains a significant imbalance between incoming and outgoing students. Only in PHIR do large numbers of students study abroad, largely because of the link with MFL-acquisition. There would be scope to enhance the international mobility of our own undergraduates if there were greater opportunities for students to develop their language competence. (A recent study by psychologists in Jena underscored the added value for personal development of international mobility.2) Recommendations Currently resources are mainly deployed to provide one or two semesters’ worth of MFL within the UWLP or to support beginners’ modules. This does not realise the full advantages for student employability of serious MFL acquisition and achieving solid levels of MFL competence at intermediate and advanced level. Within the context of the new University Strategy there are compelling reasons to develop a complementary strategic approach to the provision of MFLs that supports MFL opportunities not only at the lower levels of provision but also at the higher levels, where there is significant ‘added value’ for students and an enhanced Student Experience. Such a strategy could be linked to other language provision within the University and to the opportunities that are offered in a range of locations on campus to enhance students’ cross-cultural awareness. A strategic approach of this kind requires: Short-term actions Increasing the visibility of MFL in University brochures and the website; Increasing the awareness among University staff a) of the availability of MFL, b) of its advantages Assessing the desirability of retaining UWLP-eligibility in the case of programmes that offer only one semester’s worth of a language option Providing support to the School for the notable cost of running extra-curricular programmes to students, staff and the broader Loughborough community. Actions for the longer term 1 2 The formation of a Working Group, tasked with establishing a centrally funded autonomous Language Centre, incorporating both MFL-provision and English as a foreign language, appropriately staffed. This would sit outside of the http://www.hefce.ac.uk/pubs/year/2008/200839/ https://www.uni-jena.de/Mitteilungen/PM130703_Zimmermann.html 3 LTC13-P58 31October 2013 School of SPG and be placed in Student Services. It would benefit from an external consultant with experience of University language provision. It would need to consider the pattern and nature of staffing and how far it should move away from MFL with modular credit within programmes. It would consider the requirements for updated facilities and pedagogic spaces. The Working Group would take on the single task of suggesting how language teaching at LU should be delivered and situated. It should complete work by the end of January with the idea that new organizations and spaces could be in place for October 2014. The potential for a Centre of this kind generating enterprise income through cost-plus recreational language courses, including revision courses for GCSE/ AS and A2 school pupils, and intensive ‘Languages for Special Purposes’ courses could be explored. Date – September 2013 Copyright (c) Loughborough University. All rights reserved. Table1 UWLP Registrations 2012-13 Semester 1 French 1 French 3 French 4 French 5 French 7 French 9 French 11 French 1 French 2 22 German 1 35 German 2 2 German 3 15 German 4 19 German 5 12 German 7 8 German 9 German 11 19 German 1 18 German 2 18 Spanish 1 5 Spanish 3 17 Spanish 5 1 Spanish 7 5 Spanish 9 8 Spanish 11 3 53 Chinese A 33 Chinese C 13 Chinese E 10 20 10 11 10 5 4 17 Spanish 1 14 Spanish 2 4 Semester 2 27 Chinese 20 B 47 Chinese 10 D LTC13-P58 31October 2013 French 3 French 4 French 6 French 8 French 10 French 12 Total French 20 German 3 23 German 4 13 German 6 18 German 8 10 German 10 6 German 12 240 Total German 5 Spanish 4 12 Spanish 6 4 Spanish 8 11 Spanish 10 4 Spanish 12 3 22 Chinese F 14 131 Total Spanish 256 Total Chinese Total Registrations 2012-13 11 8 10 4 82 709 5