Evolution Review
25pts
Name:
Complete each statement by writing the correct term or phrase in the space provided.
1. Evolution is the process by which ______________________ may change over time.
2. A trait in a species that results in it being better suited to survive and reproduce in its environment is called
a(n)_____________________.
3. A(n) ______________________ is a group of individuals that belong to the same species, live in a defined area, and
breed with others in the group.
4. The formation of a new species is called ______________________.
5. Species that shared a common ancestor in the recent past have many ______________________
______________________ or ______________________ sequence similarities.
6. Given that the forelimbs of all vertebrates share the same basic arrangement of bones, forelimbs are said to be
______________________ structures.
7. Populations evolve, but ______________________ do not evolve.
8. Individuals do not ________________. However, individuals can ____________________ or ______________________.
9. Some whales have tiny ______________________ bones as evidence of their land-dwelling mammalian ancestors.
10. Darwin felt that fossils of extinct armadillos that resembled living armadillos were evidence of
______________________ with ______________________.
11. A type of evolution with small scale changes in genes is called ______________________.
12. Lamarck’s incorrect hypothesis regarding inheritance is called ________________________.
13. Darwin knew about heredity, but he did not know about _________________.
14. A female robin that chooses a mate based on how well he sings is demonstrating _______________ _______________.
15. Migration to or from a population results in _________________ _________________.
16. If the graph of the phenotypes of a trait in a population is a hill or bell-shaped curve, the trait has gone under
_________________ selection.
17. Over time, changes within species leads to 2 outcomes, addition of new species or _________________.
18. The changes in a species that results in its being better suited to its environment are called ______________________.
19. A condition in which two groups of a population have diverged sufficiently that they can no longer interbreed is called
______________________ ______________________.
20. Microevolution is the study of evolution at the level of __________________.
21. Similarly functioning features in organisms that do not share a recent common ancestor are the result of a pattern in
evolution called ______________________ ______________________.
22. ____________________ is behavior that allows an organism to deal with unfavorable changes.
23. A(n) ______________________ is a trait-based change that allows an individual to deal with unfavorable conditions.
24. In North America, five frog species of the genus Rana differ in the time of their peak breeding activity. What mechanism
is illustrated? _______________________________
25. The lion and tiger habitat overlapped in India until 150 years ago, but the lion lived in open grassland and the tiger in
forest. Consequently, the two species did not hybridize in nature. What mechanism is illustrated? __________________
Evolution Review
25pts
Name:
26. If a male firefly tries to impress a female and the female firefly does not recognize the patterns of light created by a male
firefly. What type mechanism is illustrated? _______________________________
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Write a line matching the description that best matches each term.
a. the visible expression of various genotypes
population genetics
b. aspects of evolution that result in multiple species
normal distribution
c. a population that has diverged noticeably from other populations
macroevolution
d. evolution of two distant relatives that ends with both having similar adaptations
phenotypic variation
e. a state in which allele frequencies of a population remain the same
genotype
f. the study of the changes in numbers and types of alleles in populations
microevolution
g. a pattern of distribution in which trait values cluster around an average
convergent evolution
h. a set of alleles that determine an individual’s phenotype
genetic equilibrium
i. evolution that examines the changes in allele frequency over time
reproductive isolation
j. a state in which a population is no longer interbreeding with other populations
subspecies
Circle the letter of the term or phrase that best completes each statement or best answers each question.
Use the following for the next 3 questions:
a. p =
b. q =
c. p2 =
d. q2 =
e. 2pq
The represents the percentage of the heterozygotes in a population.
This represents the percentage of homozygous recessive individuals in a population.
This represents the frequency of the dominant allele in a population.
When the individuals of two populations can no longer interbreed, the two populations are considered to be
a. different families.
c. the same species.
b. reproductively isolated.
d. unrelated.
Members of different subspecies
a. are completely different species.
c. can no longer interbreed successfully.
b. have different adaptations than their parent
d. will never diverge to become different species.
species.
The Hardy-Weinberg principle
a. can help predict genotype frequencies.
c. applies only to large populations.
b. can help predict genetic drift.
d. Both (a) and (b)
Natural selection acts directly on which of the following?
a. Genotypes
c. both phenotypes and genotypes
b. Phenotypes
d. neither phenotypes nor genotypes
In large, randomly mating populations, the frequencies of alleles and genotypes are likely to remain constant from
generation to generation unless
a. evolutionary forces are absent.
c. the populations are bacterial.
b. evolutionary forces act on the population.
d. the populations are human.
Which of the following is not a factor in natural selection?
a. All populations have genetic variation.
b. Individuals of a species cannot compete if they are to survive.
c. All populations depend upon the reproduction of individuals.
d. Individuals tend to produce more offspring than the environment can support.
Bird wings and insect wings are
a. homologous traits.
b. derived traits.
c. analogous traits.
d. phylogenetic traits.
Evolution Review
25pts
Name:
47. The different bird species shown all have very different
beak structure. These differences are known in
evolutionary biology as
a. Adaptations
b. acquired traits
c. variations
d. sexual selection
48. The evolutionary model known as punctuated equilibrium explains why
a. Charles Darwin visited the Galapagos Islands
b. the fossil record shows continuous, gradual change in species over millions of years
c. all species eventually become extinct
d. long periods of stability in a species, followed by periods of rapid change
49. It is estimated that most people carry about 50 potentially lethal alleles. This is possible because
a. we have drugs to keep them from killing us.
b. the alleles are dominant, and can overcome recessive alleles.
c. the alleles are for genes that aren't important.
d. the alleles are recessive, and not expressed.
Information courtesy Wikipedia
50. The House Sparrow is native to Europe, Asia, and parts of North Africa. It was introduced to North America when a
group of one hundred birds from England was released in Brooklyn, New York, and today its range is spread from
northern British Columbia to Labrador in and down through most of the United States through Central America. It is
most commonly found in agricultural, urban, or
suburban areas, and avoids unmodified areas such as
woodlands, forests, grasslands, and deserts. The
process by which the house sparrow has spread
through North America is known as
a. artificial selection
b. gene flow
c. adaptive radiation
d. genetic drift
51. Delicious fruit is an adaptation in some flowering plants that assists in
a. attracting pollinators
c. seed dispersal
b. repelling harmful pests
d. attracting mates
52. Rapid changes in the gene pool of a population are LEAST likely to occur when there is:
a. nonrandom mating and a small population
c. rapid mutation and a large population
b. active migration and a small population
d. random mating and a large population
53. In the phrase "Survival of the Fittest" the term "Fittest" refers to the organism's
a. suitability for its environment
b. physical strength and speed
c. number of genes
d. brain size
54. The image shows different body shapes within a population of giraffes
(play along, OK?) The difference in body shape are an example of
a. natural selection
b. sexual selection
c. adaptation
d. variation
Evolution Review
25pts
Name:
55. An experiment was conducted by Diane Dodd in which a single population of fruit flies was divided into two, with one of
the populations fed with starch-based food and the other with maltose-based food. After the populations had diverged
over many generations, the groups were again mixed; it was observed that the flies continued to prefer mating with
others from the same original population. This process could eventually result in
a.
natural selection
b.
extinction
c.
speciation
d.
geographic isolation
56. In a population of white and brown rats, 16% of the rats have a white coat. Assuming that white coat color is a recessive
trait, what percentage of the total color alleles code for brown coats?
a. 60%
b. 20%
c. 40%
d. 96%
57. Edible fruit is an adaptation in some flowering plants that provides an advantage in
a. getting more people to grow it
b. making the plant more attractive
c. widespread disperal of seeds
d. attracting bees for fertilization
58. An individual has his appendix removed, dyes his hair black, and intentionally gorges on food until he is morbidly obese.
Which of these traits is likely to be passed on to any offspring?
a. black hair color
b. none of these
c. obesity
d. the missing appendix
59. A particular breed of hare has a coat that turns white in the winter to blend with the snow in its environment. One
winter, no snow falls and the white coats make the hares
easy for predators to see against the brown dirt. The most
immediate expected result of this environmental change is
that
a. the hares' coats will turn to brown color
b. the hares will migrate to a snowy region
c. the next generation of hares will have brown winter
coats
d. many of the hares will be eaten
60. A population of people are isolated on an island, with no new immigrants over many generations. For this group, any
new genetic variations are most likely to come from
a. recessive alleles
c. speciation
b. natural selection
d. new mutations
61. Individual organisms within an existing population cannot
a. undergo sexual selection
c. adapt
b. experience natural selection
d. evolve
Evolution Review
25pts
Name:
62. Great Danes and Chihuahuas are both descended from wild breeds of
dogs, but can no longer interbreed. This is due to:
a. mechanical isolation
b. geographical isolation
c. seasonal isolation
d. behavioral isolation
63. A gene mutation in a certain flower allows the flower to produce more
seeds. The seeds each have the same chance of producing a new plant
as do seeds from flowers that do not possess this mutation. It can be
expected that
a. the mutated gene will become more common in the next
generation of these flowers.
b. the mutation will kill the flowers that don't have the mutation.
c. the seeds with the mutation will taste better to animals.
d. the other plants in the area will develop the same mutation.
64. (Choose all that apply) Which of the following are considered a disturbing influence on a population that is at HardyWeinberg equilibrium?
a. small population size
b. random mating
c. migration
d. mutations
65. Domesticated rats, the variety you can purchase at a pet store, come in a wide range of color and coat patterns. Many of
these coat variations are rarely, if ever, seen in nature. Their presence in the pet store is the result of
a. sexual selection
b. geographic isolation
c. artificial selection
d. natural selection
66. Two populations of similar organisms will be considered separate species when they
a. become extinct
b. look different
c. occupy different niches
d. can no longer interbreed and produce fertile offspring
67. The best explanation for the very few species of mammals on the Galapagos Islands is:
a. many species were removed by Charles Darwin in order to be studied more carefully
b. the islands were formed by volcanic eruptions on the ocean floor
c. the islands were formed when they broke off from the mainland millions of years ago
d. many of the original mammal populations have become extinct
68. In a population of white and brown rats, 16% of the rats have a white coat. Assuming that white coat color is a recessive
trait, what percentage of the rats are heterozygous for the color allele?
a. 48%
c. 84%
b. 64%
d. 4%
69. In biological terms, the organism that is most successful within its population is the one that
a. captures the most food
c. produces the most surviving offspring
b. grows largest and fastest
d. occupies the most properous niche
Evolution Review
25pts
Name:
70. The numbers in the picture above show the positions of 3 fossils found deposited in the sedimentary rock. Which
statement IS NOT true?
a. Fossil #3 is older than fossil #2
b. Fossil #1 is older than fossil #3
c. Fossil #2 is older than fossil #1
d. Fossil #4 is the oldest of the fossils
71. The theory of evolution predicts that
a. animals will become extinct if the environment changes.
b. changes in species will take place at a predictable pace.
c. alleles that improve survival will increase in frequency within a
population.
d. the organisms that produce the most offspring will be the ones to
survive.
72. The use of antibiotics over the last sixty-five years has resulted in a drastic increase in populations of bacteria that are
resistant to many antibiotics. The most probable cause of this change in bacterial populations is that
a. the bacteria needed to develop resistance
to antibiotics in order to survive.
b. sanitary conditions have declined over the
last sixty-five years.
c. antibiotics select for bacteria that have a
degree of resistance, and against those that
don't.
d. genetic engineering has released "super
bugs" that cannot be killed by antibiotics.
73. The differences in antibiotic resistance among
these bacteria is an example of
a. a lethal mutation
b. sexual selection
c. adaptability
d. variation
74. In a population of white and brown rats, 16% of the rats have a white coat. Assuming that white coat color is a recessive
trait, is the frequency of the white color allele in the population?
a. 0.4
c. 0.32
b. 0.6
d. 0.04
75. According to Darwin, the driving force behind evolution is
a. large animals eating smaller animals
c. gene mutation
b. inheritance of acquired traits
d. natural selection
76. Fireflies are able to distinguish between their own species and other species by the rate and brightness of their flashing
patterns. This is an example of:
a. seasonal isolation
c. mechanical isolation
b. behavioral isolation
d. geographical isolation
77. For centuries, dog breeders have chosen to breed particular dogs to pass on, or even enhance, desirable traits. This is an
example of
a. natural selection
c. artificial selection
b. speciation
d. sexual selection
Evolution Review
25pts
Name:
78. From an evolutionary standpoint, the two male elk depicted are
engaged in
a. sexual selection
b. natural selection
c. adaptation
d. speciation
79. Natural selection acts upon
a. alleles that are expressed
b. only recessive alleles
c. only alleles that are the result of recent mutations
d. only dominant alleles
80. To the right you see the lovable castaways of Gilligan's Island. Imagine
that Ginger, the red head, is struck on the head by a falling coconut and
killed. Her demise eliminates the red-hair allele from the small
population of the island. The elimination of the allele is an example of
a. artificial selection
b. gene flow
c. genetic drift
d. natural selection
81. The picture is of a male blue-footed booby, engaged in a mating
"dance." This is an example of:
a. random mating
b. natural selection
c. a dominance hierarchy
d. sexual selection
82. Polydactyly (having six fingers per hand) is a hereditary condition caused by a
dominant gene. The rarity with which this condition is seen in human populations is
probably because
a. persons with polydactyly are infertile
b. the allele for polydactyly is rare
c. the trait is lethal
d. the trait makes people undesirable mates
1. The use of antibiotics over the last sixty-five years has resulted in a drastic increase in populations of bacteria
that are resistant to many antibiotics. The most probable cause of this change in bacterial populations is that
A. ? sanitary conditions have declined over the last sixty-five years.
B. ? antibiotics select for bacteria that have a degree of resistance, and against those that don't.
C. ? the bacteria needed to develop resistance to antibiotics in order to survive.
D. ? genetic engineering has released "super bugs" that cannot be killed by antibiotics.
Evolution Review
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25pts
Species/ populations/ allele frequencies
Adaptation
Population
Speciation
Amino acid, DNA
Homologous
Individuals
Evolve, accommodate, acclimate
Hip/leg
Descent, modification
Microevolution
Gradualism
Alleles/ genetics
Sexual selection/non-random mating
Gene flow
Stability
Extinction
Adaptations
Reproductive isolation
Genetics/alleles
Convergent evolution
Accommodation
Acclimation
Temporal
Temporal
Behavioral
F
G
B
A
H
I
D
E
J
C
E
D
A
B
B
D
B
B
B
C
A
B
D
Name:
50.
51.
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C
C
D
A
D
C
A
C
B
D
D
D
A
A
A,c,d
C
D
B
A
C
B
C
C
D
A
D
B
C
A
A
C
D
B