Unit 2 Genetics: DNA & RNA Quiz Study Guide
Quiz Date: Friday October 30, 2015
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SB2B: Explain the role of DNA in storing and transmitting cellular information.
1. State a role (FUNCTION) for each of three different types of enzymes in DNA replication.
a. DNA helicase:
b. DNA polymerase:
c. DNA ligase:
2 . Which of the following is the correct base-pairing rule for DNA?
A. A-U; C-G
B. A-G; T-C
C. A-T; G-C
D. A-C; T-G
3.
The letters “DNA” stand for ____________________.
4.
DNA is composed of smaller subunits know as __________________.
5.
The three parts of a nucleotide are ________, _____________, and _____________.
6.
The four nitrogen bases that are found in DNA are __________, _________, ________,
and _________.
7.
DNA looks like a ladder twisted into a shape known as a _______________.
8.
The two molecules that make up the sides of the ladder or the side portion of a DNA
molecule are _________ and ___________.
9.
The molecules that meet across the middle, forming the steps of the “ladder’” are known
as ___________________.
10.
According to Chargaff’s rules, the percentages of __________ are equal to those of
thymine and the percentages of __________ are equal to those of guanine in the DNA molecule.
11.
12.
The nitrogen bases are held together in the center of the molecule by _______________.
The type of sugar found in DNA is _____________.
13.
If the sequence on the right hand side of the DNA molecule was TAGGCTCA, the
complimentary side would have a sequence of ________________________.
14.
Label the parts of the drawing below. Include all of these terms: nucleotide, phosphate,
sugar, nitrogen base, hydrogen bond, covalent bond, purine, pyrimidine, adenine, thymine,
cytosine, and guanine.
15.
The process in which DNA builds an exact duplicate of itself is known as DNA
______________________________.
16.
What is the primary function of DNA?
______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________.
17.
Why is it so important that the DNA molecule be able to make copies of itself?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________.
18.
During replication, the two nucleotide chains _____________ and each chain serves as a
_______________ for a new nucleotide chain. This process is known as ___________________.
19.
During replication, enzymes called _______________________ untwist the double helix,
separating the two parental strands.
20.
Enzymes called ___________________ move along the separated strands assembling the
new chains of DNA.
21.
The letters “RNA” stand for _______________________.
22.
In RNA, adenine always pairs with the nitrogen base known as ____________________.
23.
List three ways that DNA is different from RNA:
(1)
(2)
(3)
24.
There are three kinds of RNA. ________________ carries the information from the
nucleus to the ribosome’s in the cytoplasm. _____________________ reads the message and
binds to the specific _______________ to make the protein. ______________ is the most
abundant form of RNA and makes up ribosome’s.
25.
The process of making a strand of RNA from a strand of DNA is called ____________.
26.
The sequence of nucleotides in mRNA is _____________ into a sequence of
_______________.
27.
A group of 3 nitrogen bases forms a ____________.
28.
__________________ occurs in the ribosomes in the cytoplasm. The DNA in the
nucleus tells the ribosomes which proteins to make and how to make them. In the nucleus,
_____ transcribes _____. The RNA is then sent to the cytoplasm in the form of _______. A
combination of three ________________ is used as a code for each ____________. This group
of three bases is called a ________. Each codon calls for one ___________. It takes many
amino acids to form a protein. These amino acids are transported to the ribosomes by ______
to form proteins.
29.
If the sequence on the DNA molecule calls for a protein with the following DNA codons,
(1) what would be the sequence on the mRNA, (2) what would be the sequence on the tRNA,
and (3) what would be the amino acid sequence of the protein being made?
DNA 
mRNA 
tRNA 
Amino Acids:
TAC
TTA
CAA
ACC
ATA
ATT