CHAPTER 1 VOCABULARY WORDS:
BIOMES AND ECOSYSTEMS ARE DIVISIONS OF THE BIOSPHERE
1. Biosphere
2. Biotic
3. Abiotic
4. Biomes
5. Terrestrial
6. Latitude
7. Elevation
8. Climate
9. Climatograph
10. Adaptations
11. Structural Adaptation
12. Physiological Adaptation
13. Behavioural Adaptations
14. Ecosystems
15. Habitat
16. Nutrients
17. Photosynthesis
18. Species
19. Population
20. Community
21. Ecological Hierarchy
22. Symbiosis
23. Commensalism
24. Mutualism
25. Parasitism
26. Niche
27. Competition
28. Predation
CHAPTER 2 VOCABULARY WORDS:
ENERGY FLOW AND NUTRIENT CYCELS SUPPORT LIFE IN ECOSYSTEMS
1. Biomass
2. Biodegradation
3. Primary consumers
4. Decomposers
5. Primary producers
6. Food chain
7. Food pyramid/ Ecological pyramid
8. Food web
9. Trophic level
10. Energy flow
11. Decomposition
12. Secondary consumers
13. Tertiary consumers
14. Detrivores
15. Herbivores
16. Carnivores
17. Omnivores
18. Cellular respiration
19. Denitrification
20. Nitrification
21. Nutrients
22. Sedimentation
23. Weathering
24. Nutrient cycles
25. Carbon cycle
26. Nitrogen cycle
27. Carbonate
28. Nitrogen fixing bacteria
29. Nitrogen fixation
30. Leaching
31. Eutrophication
32. Geologic uplift
33. Pesticides
34. Keystone species
35. Biomagnification
36. DDT
37. Bioremediation
38. Stores
39. Nitrifying Bacteria
40. Denitrifying bacteria
CHAPTER 3 VOCABULARY WORDS:
ECOSYSTEMS CONTINUALLY CHANGE OVER TIME
1. Natural selection
2. Adaptive radiation
3. Ecological succession
4. Primary succession
5. Pioneer species
6. Climax community
7. Secondary succession
8. Sustainability
9. Land use
10. Resource use
11. Habitat loss
12. Habitat fragmentation
13. Deforestation
14. Soil degradation
15. Soil compaction
16. Aeration
17. Resource exploitation
18. Contamination
19. Overexploitation
20. Extinction
21. Traditional ecological knowledge
22. Native species
23. Introduced species
24. Foreign species
25. Invasive species
CHAPTER 4 VOCABULARY WORDS:
ATOMIC THEORY EXPLAINS THE FORMATION OF COMPOUNDS
1. Compounds
2. Atom
3. Chemical changes
4. Subatomic particles
5. Protons
6. Electrons
7. Neutrons
8. Nuclear charge
9. Atomic number
10. Period
11. Group/Family
12. Transition Metals
13. Ions
14. Multivalent
15. Bohr diagram
16. Stable octet
17. Valence electrons/shells
18. Cations
19. Anions
20. Ionic bonding
21. Ionic compound
22. Covalent bonding
23. Covalent compound
24. Molecule
25. Bonding pair
26. Lone pair
27. Lewis diagrams
28. Diatomic molecule
29. Subscript
30. Polyatomic Ion
31. Binary covalent compound
32. Reactants
33. Products
34. Chemical equation
35. Chemical reaction
36. Coefficients
37. State of matter
38. Conservation of mass
39. Skeleton equation
40. Balanced chemical equation
CHAPTER 6 VOCABULARY WORDS:
CHEMICAL REACTIONS OCCUR IN PREDICTABLE WAYS
1. Synthesis (Combination)
2. Decomposition
3. Single replacement
4. Double replacement
5. Precipitate
6. Neutralization
7. Combustion
8. Rate of reaction
9. Concentration
10. Surface area
11. Catalyst
12. Catalytic converter
CHAPTER 7 VOCABULARY WORDS:
THE ATOMIC THEORY EXPLAINS RADIOACTIVITY
1. Radioactivity
2. Natural background radiation
3. Radiation
4. Light
5. Isotopes
6. Nuclear symbol
7. Radioactive decay
8. Radioisotopes
9. Alpha particle
10. Alpha decay
11. Beta particle
12. Beta decay
13. Gamma radiation
14. Gamma decay
15. Nuclear equation
16. Radiocarbon dating
17. Half-life
18. Parent isotope
19. Daughter isotope
20. Nuclear fission
21. Nuclear reaction
22. Chain reaction
23. Fusion
CHAPTER 8 VOCABULARY WORDS:
AVERAGE VELOCITY IS THE RATE OF CHANGE IN POSITION
1. Scalars
2. Vectors
3. Distance
4. Position
5. Time
6. Time interval
7. Displacement
8. Uniform motion
9. Motion diagram
10. Position-time graph
11. Best-fit line
12. Slope
13. Speed
14. Velocity
15. Average velocity
CHAPTER 9 VOCABULARY WORDS:
ACCELERATION IS THE RATE OF CHANGE IN VELOCITY
16. Change in velocity
17. Acceleration
18. Deceleration
19. Velocity-time graph
20. Constant acceleration
21. Average acceleration
22. Gravity
23. Air resistance
24. Acceleration due to gravity
CHAPTER 10 VOCABULARY:
THE KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY EXPLAINS THE TRANSFER OF
THERMAL ENERGY
1. Kinetic molecular theory
2. Kinetic energy
3. Temperature
4. Thermal energy
5. Potential energy
6. Heat
7. Conduction
8. Fluids
9. Convection
10. Convection current
11. Electromagnetic radiation
12. Radiant energy
13. Infrared radiation
14. Solar radiation
15. Atmospheres
16. Troposphere
17. Stratosphere
18. Mesosphere
19. Thermosphere
20. Exosphere
21. Angle of incidence
22. Radiation budget
23. Albedo
24. Pressure
25. Atmospheric pressure
26. Kilopascals (kPa)
27. Humidity
28. Specific humidity
29. Dew point
30. Relative humidity
31. Wind
32. Prevailing winds
33. Sea breezes
34. Onshore breeze
35. Offshore breeze
36. Coriolis effect
37. Front
38. Thunderstorms
39. Tornado
40. Hurricanes
CHAPTER 11 VOCABULARY WORDS:
CLIMATE CHANGE OCCURS THROUGH NATRUAL PROCESSES AND HUMAN
ACTIVITIES
1. Climate
2. Biogeoclimatic zone
3. Paleoclimatologists
4. Ice cores
5. Natural greenhouse effect
6. Greenhouse gases
7. Water cycle
8. Thermocline
9. El Niño
10. La Niña
11. Carbon sink
12. Weathering
13. Carbon sources
14. Catastrophic events
15. Climate change
16. Global warming
17. Enhanced greenhouse effect
18. Global warming potential (GWP)
19. General circulation models (GCMs)
20. Permafrost
21. Precautionary principle
CHAPTER 12 VOCABULARY WORDS:
THERMAL ENERGY TRANSFER DRIVES PLATE TECTONICS
1. Continental drift theory
2. Paleoglaciation
3. Tectonic plates
4. Volcanoes
5. Earthquakes
6. Mid-Atlantic Ridge
7. Magnetic reversal
8. Paleomagnetism
9. Magnetic stripping
10. Magma
11. Spreading ridge
12. Sea floor spreading
13. Hot spot
14. Plate tectonic theory
15. Crust
16. Lithosphere
17. Mantle
18. Outer core
19. Inner core
20. Asthenosphere
21. Mantle convection
22. Rift valley
23. Ridge push
24. Subduction
25. Subduction zones
26. Slab pull
27. Plate boundary
28. Divergent plate boundary
29. Diverging plates
30. Convergent plate boundary
31. Converging plates
32. Trench
33. Volcanic belt
34. Volcanic island
35. Faults
36. Transform fault
37. Focus
38. Epicenter
39. Seismic waves
40. Seismology
41. Surface waves (L-waves)
42. Primary waves (P-waves)
43. Secondary waves (S-waves)
44. Seismometers
45. Seismogram
46. Magnitude
47. Composite volcanoes
48. Shield volcanoes
49. Rift eruptions