Electronic Supplement: Additional tables Table E1- Case 1 Checklist items. Items with N/A were uniformly not performed, and thus timing agreement cannot be calculated. Items marked with * were below our threshold for inclusion in the final rubric. **Note that only one subject was categorized as novice for case 1, and thus all items were either 100% or 0%. Item Identified skin mottling? Bolused IV fluids?* Obtained cultures (any type) Obtained blood cultures? Obtained urine cultures? Obtained respiratory cultures? Administered stress dose steroids? Identified hypoglycemia? Administered IV glucose? Antibiotics given? Vasopressors initiated?* Central line placed? Ultrasonography performed? Chest X ray obtained? Source of infection addressed? Patient intubated? Intubation preparation discussed?* Preoxygenation performed? Sedation performed Ventilator mode ordered? Ventilator set for lung protective ventilation? Pooled reliability: % Overall Agreement 80% 100% 80% 100% 60% 80% 100% 80% 60% 100% 80% 80% 80% 80% 100% 80% 80% 80% 60% 100% 100% 83.8% % agreement on timing (within 15 seconds 100% 20% 100% 100% 100% N/A 100% 100% N/A 60% 25% 100% N/A 100% N/A 100% 50% 100% N/A N/A N/A 73.0% Done by experts (N=4) 0 (0%) 4 (100%) 4 (100%) 3 (75%) 2 (50%) 4 (100%) 1 (25%) 2 (50%) 2 (50%) 4 (100%) 4 (100%) 4 (100%) 4 (100%) 3 (75%) 0 (0%) 2(50%) 3 (75%) 2 (50%) 1 (25%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 58.3% Done by novice** (N=1) 1 (100%) 1 (100%) 1 (100%) 1 (100%) 0 (0%) 1 (100%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 1 (100%) 1 (100%) 1 (100%) 1 (100%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 1 (100%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 47.6% Table E2- Case 2 Checklist items. Items with N/A were uniformly not performed, and thus timing agreement cannot be calculated. Items marked with * were below our threshold for reliability and were not included in the final rubric. Item Identified wheezing? Identified crackles? Identified sinus tachycardia?* Identified low urine output Administered fluid bolus* Obtained cultures (any type) Obtained blood cultures?* Obtained urine cultures? Obtained respiratory cultures? Antibiotics administered?* Ultrasonography performed? Chest X ray obtained? Influenza nasal swab obtained? Respiratory serologies obtained? Urinary antigen tests obtained? Intubation preparation discussed? Preoxygenation performed? Sedation performed Patient intubated? Ventilator mode ordered? Ventilator set for lung protective ventilation? Pooled reliability: % Overall Agreement 86% 86% 29% 100% 57% 71% 57% 71% 86% 57% 71% 71% 100% 100% 100% 71% 71% 71% 86% 100% 100% 78.2% % Agreement in items which both reviewers classified as "Done" 100% N/A 0% N/A 0% 100% 100% N/A N/A N/A N/A 100% N/A N/A N/A 100% 100% 100% 100% N/A N/A 81.8% Done by expert (N= 4) Done by novices (N=4) 3 (75%) 3 (75%) 4 (100%) 0 (0%) 1 (25%) 4 (100%) 4 (100%) 1 (25%) 0 (0%) 3 (75%) 0 (0%) 4 (100%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 4 (100%) 4 (100%) 4 (100%) 4 (100%) 1 (25%) 1 (25%) 53.6% 3 (75%) 2 (50%) 1 (25%) 0 (0%) 2 (50%) 2 (50%) 2 (50%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 2 (50%) 0 (0%) 3 (75%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 3 (75%) 3 (75%) 4 (100%) 4 (100%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 36.9% Table E3- Agreement between raters on Case 3 Checklist items. Items with N/A were uniformly not performed, and thus timing agreement cannot be calculated. Items marked with * were below our threshold for inclusion in the final rubric. Item EKG obtained?* Cardiology/Cath lab consulted?* Aspirin given?* Second antiplatelet given? Analgesia administered?* Nitroglycerin given? Thrombolysis/PCI requested?* Ultrasonography performed? Chest X ray obtained? EKG repeated with rhythm change? Ventricular tachycardia identified?* Cardioversion performed?* Sedation performed?* Mode of cardioversion specified? Energy for cardioversion specified? Pooled reliability: % Overall Agreement 100% 75% 50% 100% 25% 75% 50% 100% 100% 100% 50% 100% 100% 75% 100% 80.0% % Agreement in items which both reviewers classified as "Done" 50% 50% 100% N/A 100% 100% 100% N/A 100% 100% 100% 0% 0% N/A N/A 72.2% Done by expert (N=3 ) Done by novices (N=2) 3 (100%) 3 (100%) 3 (100%) 0 (0%) 3 (100%) 2 (67%) 3 (100%) 0 (0%) 2 (67%) 1 (33%) 1 (33%) 2 (67%) 2 (67%) 2 (67%) 0 (0%) 60.0% 2 (100%) 1 (50%) 1 (50%) 0 (0%) 2 (100%) 1 (50%) 1 (50%) 0 (0%) 2 (100%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 33.3%