Biology Chapter 8 study guide
1. an allele that produces the same phenotype whether its paired allele is identical or
different
2. having identical alleles at corresponding chromosomal loci
3. having dissimilar alleles at corresponding chromosomal loci
4. In genetics, a recessive gene is an allele that causes a phenotype that is only seen in a
homozygous genotype and never in a heterozygous genotype. Every person has two
copies of every gene on autosomal chromosomes, one from mother and one from father
5. The law of independent assortment applies only to genes that not linked or that are not on
the same chromosome
6. the two alleles for a trait separate when gametes are formed
7. hair color, eye color
8. sex linked traits are the traits that the 23rd chromosome carries
9. the transplantation of normal genes into cells in place of missing or defective ones in
order to correct genetic disorders.
10. The Punnett square is a diagram that is used to predict an outcome of a particular cross or
breeding experiment. It is named after Reginald C. Punnett, who devised the approach,
and is used by biologists to determine the probability of an offspring's having a particular
genotype
11. X
12. P1 stands for parent generation
F1 stands for first filial (daughter) generation
F2 stands for second filial (daughter) generation
13. X
14. It has many traits that have two clearly different forms that are easy to tell apart
15. Gregor Mendel
16. To allow the F1 generation to self pollinate
17. X
18. Dominance in genetics is a relationship between alleles of a single gene, in which one
allele masks the phenotypic expression of another allele at the same gene locus. In the
simplest case, where a gene exists in two allelic versions
19. Huntington’s disease, sialuria,
20. Your inheritance from your parents and your DNA
21. That it is more likely to get that disorder
22. genetic counseling focuses on empowering patients with knowledge. As a genetic
counselor, you can spend a great deal of time interacting with your patients to ensure that
they fully understand the ways genetics affect their lives
23. the father of genetics
24. X
25. X
26. Dominance in genetics is a relationship between alleles of a single gene, in which one
allele masks the phenotypic expression of another allele at the same gene locus. In the
simplest case, where a gene exists in two allelic versions, three combinations of alleles
are possible. In genetics, a recessive gene is an allele that causes a phenotype that is only
seen in a homozygous genotype and never in a heterozygous genotype. Every person has
two copies of every gene on autosomal chromosomes, one from mother and one from
father
27. She crossbred pea plants
28. the genetic constitution of an individual organism.
29. the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its
genotype with the environment
30. fertilization by transfer of pollen from the anthers of one flower to the stigma of another
31. the pollination of a flower by pollen from the same flower or from another flower on the
same plant
32. A true breeding organism, sometimes also called a pure-bred, is when 2 organisms with
identical genotypes procreate an organism for the same traits. In other words, to "breed
true" happens when two organisms with a particular, inheritable phenotype produce only
offspring with that phenotype
33. Polygenic traits are traits that are controlled by a group of nonallelic genes. The genes
controlling Polygenic traits are at least two
34. A recessive allele on the X chromosome will always produce the trait in a male
35. Darkened skin, height
36. It’s a mutated gene, symptoms: coughing nonstop, skin is very salty, wheezing
37. Inherited characters, inherited two genes from each parent. Alleles differ one is fully
expressed, then the effect
38. The first part states that alternative versions of genes account for variations in inherited
characters.The second law states that for each character trait an organism inherits two
genes one from each parent. The third law says that if the two alleles differ then one is
fully expressed in the organism's appearance and the other has no noticeable effect on the
organism's.
39. Mendel concluded from his experiments that each pea has two separate "heritable
factors" for each trait-one from each parent.
40. Breathing, fatigue, lack of development of growth