Name:
Period:
Chapter 2 Study Guide
Section 1
1. Determine whether each of the following is an example of observation and data, a theory, a
hypothesis, a control, or a model.
Observation and Data _________ a. A research team records the rainfall in inches per
day in a prescribed area of the rain forest. The square
footage of vegetation and relative plant density per
square foot are also measured.
Observation and Data _________b. The intensity, duration, and time of day of the
precipitation are noted for each precipitation
episode. The types of vegetation in the area are
recorded and classified.
Control _____________________ c. The information gathered is compared with the data
on the average precipitation and the plant population
collected over the last 10 years.
Hypothesis ___________________ d. The information gathered by the research team
indicates that rainfall has decreased significantly.
They propose that deforestation is the primary cause
of this phenomenon.
2. “When 10.0 g of a white, crystalline sugar are dissolved in 100. mL of water, the solution is
observed to freeze at 0.54C, not 0.0C. The system is denser than pure water.” Which parts
of these statements represent quantitative information, and which parts represent qualitative
information?
Quantitative values include the mass of sugar, volume of water, and observed freezing
point. Qualitative properties are the color and state of the sugar and the claim of
greater density. ____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
D. __ 3. Which of these observations is qualitative rather than quantitative?
a. A chemical reaction is complete in 2.3 s.
b. The solid has a mass of 23.4 g.
c. The density of aluminum is 2.70 g/cm3 .
d. Salt deposits form from an evaporated liquid.
A. ___ 4. Quantitative observations are recorded in the form of
a. numerical data.
b. detailed descriptions.
c. precise predictions.
Name:
Period:
d. step-by-step procedures.
C.
5.All of the following are steps in the scientific method except
a. observing and recording data.
b. forming a hypothesis.
c. discarding data inconsistent with the hypothesis.
d. making predictions based on a theory.
A.
6.Which of these statements about the scientific method is not true?
a. All experiments must follow the same step-by-step procedure.
b. Experiments may be repeated several times.
c. Some unexpected results can be beneficial.
d. Experimental results may or may not support the hypothesis.
A.
7.Ten plants are grown in equal amounts of sunlight with equal amounts of water and
varying amounts of fertilizer. Sunlight, water, and fertilizer are
a. controls.
b. experiments.
c. systems.
d. variables.
SECTION 2
1. Complete the following conversions:
a. 100 mL = 0.1 L
b. 0.25 g = 25 cg
c. 400 cm3 = 0.4 L
d. 400 cm3 =0.0004m3
2. Use the graph of the density of aluminum below to determine the approximate mass of
aluminum samples with the following volumes.
22.0
a. 8.0 mL
4.5
b. 1.50 mL
19.0
c. 7.25 mL
9.75
d. 3.50 mL
Name:
Period:
3. 27.0 grams _________ Aluminum has a density of 2.70 g/cm3 . What would be the mass
of a sample whose volume is 10.0 cm3 ?
4. 14 cm. _____________ A certain piece of copper wire is determined to have a mass of
2.00 g per meter. How many centimeters of the wire would be
needed to provide 0.28 g of copper?
SECTION 3
1. Report the number of significant figures in each of the following values:
3____ a. 0.002 37 g
2_____ d.
64 mL
4____ b. 0.002 037 g
2_____ e.
1.3  102 cm
3____ c. 350. J
3_____ f.
1.30  102 cm
2.Write the value of the following operations using scientific notation.
10-1 ________________
4.0 X
10-2 ___________
103  106
a.
102
8103
b.
2 105
4.3 X 10-4 ___________ c. 3  103 + 4.0  104
3. Carry out the following calculations. Express each answer to the correct number of
significant figures and use the proper units.
40.0 m _____________ a. 37.26 m + 2.7 m + 0.0015 m =
2000mL ___________ b. 256.3 mL + 2 L + 137 mL =
151mL ____________ c. 300. kPa  274.57mL 
25.63mL 
70000ml*K _________ d. 346 mL  200 K
Name:
Period:
4. Round the following measurements to three significant figures.
22.3g ______________ a. 22.77 g
14.7m _____________ b. 14.62 m
9.31L ______________ c. 9.3052 L
87.6cm ____________ d. 87.55 cm
30.3g ______________ e. 30.25 g
PROBLEMS Write the answer on the line to the left. Show all your work in the space provided.
5. A pure solid at a fixed temperature has a constant density. We know that
density 
mass
m
or D  ·
volume
V
6.0cm3 _____________________ If a solid has a density of 4.0 g/cm3 , what volume of
the solid has a mass of 24 g?