DNA and Protein Synthesis Review Sheet
1. What does DNA stand for? Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid
2. What does RNA stand for? Ribose Nucleic Acid
3. Coiled up DNA that looks like an “X” is a ___Chromosome___________
4. The basic building block of a DNA molecule is a __Nucleotide_____________
5. __Nucleotides___ are made out of three things… a __Sugar____, ___Phosphate______,
and a __Nitrogen Base____
6. Nitrogen bases are complimentary which means that _A__ bonds with __T____ and
__G____ bonds with __C____
7. What is the shape of DNA called? Double Helix
8. When DNA unzips, what bonds are being broken? Hydrogen Bonds
9. What is the end product of DNA replication? An identical strand of DNA
10. After the DNA is unzipped, how does the DNA form two new strands? Complimentary
nitrogen bases pair up forming a new strand
11. DNA contains the instructions on how to make ___proteins_______
12. A section of DNA that codes for a protein is a _gene________
13. Name three differences between DNA and RNA 1. Deoxyribose sugar vs. Ribose
sugar 2. Double stranded vs single stranded. 3. Thymine vs Uracil
14. The process where the information from DNA is copied to mRNA is __transcription__
15. Groups of three nitrogen bases on the mRNA are called __codons_______
16. Codons code for a specific __amino acid______
17. What gets the correct amino acid and brings it to the ribosome and mRNA? tRNA
18.
How does the tRNA know what amino acid to get? anticodon
19. What determines the order of amino acids in a protein? The order of nitrogen bases
in the DNA
20. A mistake in the cell’s DNA is called a ____mutation__________
21. Will all mutations cause a problem? No
22. Are any mutations good? Yes, resistance to malaria, orange carrots, …
23. What are two ways DNA can be altered/mutated?
chemicals and radiation
24. If you have a mutation in the DNA of your skin cell, will this mutation be passed on to
your children? Why or why not? No, only mutations in the sex cells get passed on
25. Write the complimentary pairs for the following nitrogen bases (DNA to DNA)
AT GC AC A
T A C G T G T
26. Write the complimentary pairs to form a mRNA strand.
T AA GC GC
A U U C G C G
27.
If the sequence of nitrogen bases is altered, what else will be altered as a result?
The amino acids in the protein which will alter the proteins structure and function
28. How does DNA determine what you look like? DNA has the information on how to
make proteins and your body structure is made of proteins
29. What nitrogen base is present in RNA that is not in DNA? Uracil
30.
31.
What nitrogen base is present in DNA that is not in RNA? Thymine
Where in the cell is DNA located? Nucleus
32. What form does DNA take during cell division? Chromosomes
33. Who discovered that the shape of DNA was a double helix? Watson and Crick
34. Be able to decode a codon to an amino acid.
35. How many nitrogen bases were mutated in the DNA of someone who has sickle cell
anemia? One