CURRICULUM VITAE Sayed Ibrahim Abdel-Rahman Hassan Professor Pharmaceutical Technology & Pharmaceutics Born January 5, 1951, married, Egyptian ---------------------------------------------------Head, Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut,Egypt Mobile: +20100 1484015, Residence: (+2088) 2311873,(+202) 37408764 Office: (+2088) 2411273 e-mail: <boudysayed@yahoo.com> Current Address Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt. Education: Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Pharmaceutical Sciences (Industrial Pharmacy), thesis, entitled "A study on solubilization of some diuretics by nonionic surfactants", Assiut University, Egypt, and West WilhelemsUniversity, Munster, Germany, 1979-1984. The practical work and the literature reviews of the Ph.D. have been carried out in Germany, 1981-1983. Master Degree (M.Sc.)in Pharmaceutical Sciences, (Industrial Pharmacy), thesis, entitled "A study of the interaction between certain pharmaceuticals and certain macromolecules". To fulfill the requirements of the Master Degree, advanced courses in Industrial Pharmacy and Pharmaceutics, Solution Technology, Tablet Technology, Instrumental Analysis, Physical Chemistry and Statistics were studied in one year. The Master Degree has been granted from Assiut University, Egypt, 1975-1978. Bachelor Degree (B.Sc.)in Pharmaceutical Sciences, one preparatory year in the Faculty of Sciences and four years in the Faculty of Pharmacy. General Grade: Very Good, Assiut University, Egypt, 1969-1974. Employment, Teaching and Research Experiences: Current Job:Department Head, Industrial Pharmacy, Assiut University, Egypt Previous Jobs: Professor of Pharmaceutical Technology & Pharmaceutics, King Sauid University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, January 2008-July 2009. Professor of Pharmaceutical Technology & Pharmaceutics, Vice Dean for Society Service & Environment Development, Facultyof Pharmacy, Assiut University. Directorof the Drug Research Center, Assiut University. This center contributes to research in pharmaceutical technology fields. It also manufactures pharmaceutical products for Assiut University Hospitals of about one million Egyptian pounds per year. Vice Director of Pharmaceutical Services Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University. This serves as drug information center and is about to be licensed to carryout bioequivalence studies for generic and innovated drug products on the behalf of the pharmaceutical industry as a part of the marketing authorization of these products. Professor of Pharmaceutical Technology and Pharmaceutics, Department Head, Assiut University. Professor, teaching under-graduate and graduate students, supervising M.Sc.students. Addis Ababa University School of Pharmacy, under the auspices of the Egyptian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 1999-Aug.2004. Professor and Department Head, teaching Pharmaceutical Tech. and Pharmaceutics, doing independent and collaborative research work, member of the committees supervisingPh.D. and M.Sc. works of graduate students and teaching Industrial Pharmacy and Pharmaceutics, Assiut University, Egypt and The University of Cincinnati, USA, 1995-1999. Associate Professor, research and teaching activities in Industrial Pharmacy and Pharmaceutics, Assiut University and the Ohio State University, Columbus, USA, 1989-1995. Establishment of Pharmaceutics Department and teaching Pharmaceutics in The Arab Medical University, Benghazi, Libya, 1990-1992. Assistant Professor, teaching and research activities of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Assiut University and The University of Georgia, Athens, USA, 1984-1989. Research Associate and Lecturer, Industrial Pharmacy, Assiut University and The West Wilhelms University, Munster, Germany,1975-1984. Courses Taught General pharmaceutics, biopharmaceutics & pharmacokinetics, pharmacy orientation& history of pharmacy, pharmaceutical technology (unit operations, manufacture of dosage forms, cGMP & process validation, super critical fluids, nanotechnology,etc), preformulation, drug development and innovation, drug delivery systems, drug supply management Books Editing: The applicant has been a senior or co-editor of books for post- and under-graduate levels on practical and theoretical pharmaceutical technology subjects. Assuit and Al-Azhar Universities !993-1998. In King Saud University, a book entitled "Stability of Pharmaceuticals" is to be published in about six months period. Scholarships and Fellowships: Visiting Research Professor, in the University of Cincinnati College of Pharmacy, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. The applicant has been a team leader to develop innovated and generic solid dosage forms (tablets and capsules) for some drugs under cGMP, eventually, for marketing approval after submission to the FDA, 1998. Fulbright Grant: Visiting Professor in theOhio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA. A research project has been designed by the applicant and has won this grant to perform collaborative work in the USA institution. The work has concerned with the optimization of drug release from dosage forms using different excipients and techniques, February- July, 1994. Post-doctoral Fellowship: College of Pharmacy, the University of Georgia, Athens, USA. These studies have dealt with enhancing the dissolution of some poorly soluble drugs by recrystallization in hydrophilic media and formulation in dispersions of soluble macromolecules, one year, 1986. Scholarship for Ph.D.: for laboratory work and literature reviewing, Institute of Pharmaceutics, the Western Wilhelms University, Munster, Germany. This work has dealt with the solubilization, binding and stability of benzothiadiazine diureticswithnonionic surfactants and other macromolecules, 1981-1983. Experimental Techniques: Many techniques have been employed in order to study the physicochemical properties of drugs and excipients and to prepare dosage forms of improved pharmaceutical 2 characteristics. Examples of these techniques are: freeze drying, solid dispersion, tablet manufacturing and quality control, complexation in the solid state, solubility and complexation in the liquid state, crystal modification and controlled release dosage forms . The research has covered in vitro and in vivo studies of solid, semi-solid and liquid dosage forms. Dialysis, ultrafiltration, molecular sieving, vapor pressure osmometry, electron microscopy, surface area measurements, dissolution and solubility techniques, thermal analysis, chromatography, NMR, IR and mass spectroscopy are among the methods which have been used to analyze and interpret the results. Training Courses and Seminars: Since 1975-present, many such courses and seminars have been joined in Assiut University and abroad. For example, in vitro/in vivo correlation trials, FDA regulatory affairs and guidelines, the principles and means for teaching undergraduate and postgraduate students, high performance liquid chromatography, electron microscopy .The theoretical and practical aspects of many analytical methods, e.g., NMR, IR and Mass spectroscopy, high performance thin layer chromatography, thermal analysis and X-ray diffractometry have been studied and utilized in the applicants research work. The work under the sponsorship of generic and innovation drug companies in USA has given the applicant chances to attend and practice courses, workshops and seminars on cGMP, drug regulation affairs, in vivo / in vitro availability studies. Recently, the applicant has attended workshops in biotechnology, nanotechnology and has lectured in solid dosage form stability protocols and regulatory aspects. He effectively participated in implementing the quality programs for the undergraduate and graduate teaching, learning and research during his vice deanship. Published Research Work: The applicant has published and presented papers in National and International periodicals and conferences. These articles have dealt with many areas in Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, e.g., enhancement of dissolution and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs by, for example, solubilization and complexation, binding phenomena of drugs to macromolecules, sustained release formulation using different polymeric matrices, in vitro/in vivo availability of many drugs form different dosage forms, physical and chemical stability studies of many drugs in different formulations,....etc. Please refer to the list of publications and current research work. Languages: Arabic: Native language English: First foreign language German:Second foreign language Scientific Memberships: Member of tthe Egyptian Society of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS), Controlled Release Society, and the Egyptian Syndicate of Pharmacists. 3 List of Publications and Current Research Scientific Reports Delivered at Meetings: 1.Interaction of free medicament concentration in surfactant solution using vapor pressure osmometry_ S.I. Abdel-Rahman, P. Rohdewald and A.E. Aboutaleb. Erester Gesamt Kongress der Pharmazeutischen Wissenschaften, Munich, Germany, April 17-20, 1983, Cong. Abs. Book p. 182. 2. "Dissolution profiles of salicylamide recrystallized from solutions containing various surfactants or macromolecules", S.I. Abdel-Rahman and J.C. Price. First National Meeting of the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS), Washington DC, USA, November 2-6, 1986.Pharm.Research,3, 42(1986). 3. "Dissolution behavior of propylthiouracil-polyvinylpyrrolidone solid dispersions", S.I. Abdel-Rahman, A.M.El-sayed and A.E. Aboutaleb. Feder.Internat.Pharm. 47th (FIB), Amsterdam, the Netherlands, August 31-September 4, 1987.FIP 87 Abstract No 236. 4. " Accelerating dissolution rates of benzothiadiazines", A.M.El-Sayed, S.I. Abdel-Rahman, H.A.Sayed and S.A. Ibrahim. The same previous conference, FIP 87 Abstract No 310. 5. "Solid dispersions of propylthiouracil-polyethylene glycols: dissolution and differential scanning calorimetric studies", S.I.Abdel-Rahman and J.C. Price. XX conference of Pharm.Sci, Cairo, Egypt, Feb.23,1988, Abs.P.16. 6. "Stability behavior of vitamin C tablets prepared employing readily compressible L-ascorbic acid granular forms", S.I. Selah, S.I. Abdel-Rahman and A. Stamm. The same previous conference, Abstracts Book p. 14. 7. "Preparation and release characteristics of directly compressed sustained release tablets containing nitrofurantoin or phenazopyridine hydrochloride". S.I. Abdel-Rahman, S.I. Saleh, S.M. Ahmed, A.E. Aboutaleb and A. M. Aly. 2nd Anglo-Egyptian of Pharm. Sci., Alexandria, Egypt, November 9-12, 1991. 8. "Formulation and release characteristics of some sustained release formulations of nitrofuratoin". S.I. Saleh, S.M. Ahmed, S.I. Abdel- Rahman, A.E. Aboutaleb and A.M. Aly. 2nd Anglo-Egyptian Conference of Pharm. Sci., Alexandria, Egypt, November 9-12, 1991. 9. "Bioavailability of sustained release nitrofuratoin tablets prepared by two different methods" S.I. Abdel-Rahman, S.I. Saleh, S.M. Ahmed, A.E. Aboutaleb and A. M. Aly. 2nd Anglo-Egyptian Conference of Pharm. Sci., Alexandria, Egypt, 1991. 10. "Evaluation of ibuprofen-cellulose polymers sustained release tablets" A.A. Abdel-Rahman, S.I. Abdel-Rahman, A.E. Aboutaleb and A. Stamm. 11th Conference of Arab Pharmacists Union, Tripoli, Libya, 1991. 11. " Sustained release formulations of phenazopyridine hydrochloride with cellulose acetate phthalate" A.M. Aly, Ahmed S.M., S.I. Abdel-Rahman, S.I. Saleh and A.E. Aboutaleb" 1st Egyptian-Italian Symposium on Biotechnology, Assiut, Egypt,1992. 12. "Compexing behavior of 2-hydroxypropyl--cyclodextrin with local anesthetics" S.I. Abdel-Rahman and S.G. Frank, 9th Annual Meeting Amer. Assoc. Pharm. Scientists (AAPS), San Diego, CA, USA, 1994. 13. "Preparation and evaluation of sustained release systems of vitamin B1” 4 S.I. Abdel-Rahman, M.O. Ahmed and E.M. Samy, 24th Conf. Pharm. Sci., Cairo, Egypt, 1994. 14. "Complexation of hydrochlorothiazide and bendrofluazide with -cyclodextrin in solution and in ground mixtures" M.O. Ahmed, S. M. Ahmed, S.I. Saleh and S.I. Abdel-Rahman, 24th Con. Pharm. Sci., Cairo, Egypt, 1994. 15. "Improvement of solubility and dissolution of acetazolamide by inclusion complexation with different cyclodextrins" S.I. Abdel-Rahman, S.M. Ahmed and M.O. Ahmed. XXV Conference of Pharm. Sci., Cairo, Egypt, 1996 16 Techniques and mechanisms of enhancing the dissolution of loratadine using inclusion complexationSayed I. Abdel-Rahman, Sayed M. Ahmad, E.M. Samy and A.M.M. Badawy, 3rd Assiut Univ. Pharm. Sci. Conf., Egypt, Assiut, Abs. Book, No. PHT 5, p 15, March 5-6, 2002. 18. "View on tablet stability" plenary lecture, Sayed I. Abdel-Rahman, workshop on Theory and Practice in Tablet Technology". Sponsored by Pharmaceutical Technology Center, KSU, Riyadh, KSA, Feb. 26-27, 2008. 19. Formulation and evaluation of isoxsuprine hydrochloride sustained release tablets prepared by wet granulation" A. Aboutaleb, Sayed I. Abdel-Rahman and Jelan A. Razic, 31st International Conf. Pharm. Sci, Cairo, December 23-25, 2008 20. Controlled release tablet formulations of isoxsuprine hydrochloride 1: using the direct compession technique, A. Aboutaleb, Sayed I. Abdel-Rahman and Jelan A. Razic, 3rdJordanian International Pharmaceutical Conference, Amman, Jordan, October20-22, 2010. 21. Formulation of sustained release itopride HCL matrix tablets using direct compression technique , Aly A.abdelRhman, Sayed I. Abdel-Rahman, Jelan A. Abdel-Aleem & Hassan A.Tamam,4rd Jordanian International Pharmaceutical Conference, Amman,October 17-19, 2012 22. “Formulation of Domperidone in Gastro-Retentive Floating Tablets” AhmedE.Aboutaleb, Sayed I.Abdel-Rahman, Mahrous O.Ahmed and MahmoudA.Younis, accepted for oral presentation at the (ZTIPC 2015) that will be held between 21-23 October 2015, at Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman. List of Publications: 23. "Application of ultrafiltration technique for studying solubilized systems", A.E.Aboutaleb, A.Sakr and S.I. Abdel-Rahman. Arch. Pharm.Chem., Sci. Ed.,5, 105 (1977). 24. "Investigation of salicylamide solubilized systems by molecular sieve and ultrafiltration techniques", A.E.Aboutaleb, A.Sakr and S.I. Abdel-Rahman. Pharm.Ind.42, 24(1980). 25. "Interaction of phenacetin with nonionic surfactants", A.E.Aboutaleb, A. Sakr and S.I. Abdel-Rahman. Pharmazie, 35, 99 (1980). 26. "Evaluation of encapsulated aspirin tablets", S.I. Abdel-Rahman, H.A. Sayed, A.M. El-Sayed, E.Hafez and S.A. Ibrahim. Full paper published in the proceedings of the 15th International Symposium on controlled Release of Bioactive Materials, Basel, Switzerland, Aug.15-19,1988. 27. "Interaction of some insoluble diuretics with silica and silicate carriers", 5 A.M.El-Sayed and S.I. Abdel-Rahman. Full paper published in the proceedings of the previous symposium. 28. "Dissolution behavior of propylthiouracil- polyvinyl- pyrrolidone solid dispersions" S.I. Abdel-Rahman, A.M.El-Sayed and A.E.Aboutaleb, Bull. Pharm.Sci.the Egyptian Society of Pharmaceutical Sciences Assiut Univ., 11(2), 261 (1988). 29. "Accelerating dissolution rates of benzothiadiazine diuretics" A.M. El-Sayed, S.I.Abdel-Rahman and S.A. Ibrahim, S.T.P.Pharma 5(3), 160 (1989). 30 ."Preformulation and evaluation of furazolidone ointments "A.M. El-Sayed and S.I. Abdel-Rahman, 5th International conference on Pharmaceutical Technology proceedings, pp.117-126 (1989). 31. "Effect of formulation variables on the release behavior of allopurinol from suppositories" S.I. Abdel-Rahman, S.Shawky and A.M. El-Sayed, previous conference, proceedings pp. 134-143 (1989). 32. " Interaction of some benzothiadiazines with - cyclodextrin" S.I.Abdel-Rahman and A.M.El-Sayed, 1st Anglo-Egyptian conference of Pharm. Sci., Alexandria, Egypt 91988). Acta Pharm. Hungarica, 60(2-3),69-75 (1990). 33. "Preparation and release kinetics of ethylcellulose-walled microcapsules containing phenazopyridine in polymethyl-methacrylate matrices" S.M. Ahmed, S.I.Saleh, S.I. Abdel-Rahman, S.H. Khidr and A.M. Ali, S.T.P. Pharm. Sci., 2(2), 205- 209(1992). 34. "Evaluation of ibuprofen controlled release tablets:1- Eduragit matrix controlled tablets" A.A. Abdel-Rahman, E.M. Samy, S.I. Abdel-Rahman, A.E. Aboutaleb and A. Stamm, Eur.J.Pharm. Biopharm. 38 (2), 71-77 (1992). 35."Optimization of Eudragit or cellulsic polymers- ibuprofen sustained release systems using principal component analysis" A.A. Abdel-Rahman, A.E. Aboutaleb, S.I. Abdel-Rahman and E.M. Samy, Bull.Pharm. Sci. Assiut Univ., 15, 63-82 (1992). 36. "Effect of cellulosic polymers on the physical properties and dissolution of ibuprofen granules" A.A.Abdel-Rahman, A.E.Aboutaleb, A. Stamm, S.I. Abdel-Rahman and E.M.Samy Bull. Pharm. Sci. Assiut Univ., 15,8999(1992). 37. "Bioavailability and in vivo/in vitro correlation of two sustained release nitrofurantoin tablets prepared by different methods" S.I.Abdel Rahman, S.M.Ahmed, S.I. Saleh, A.E.Aboutaleb and A. M.Al y, S.T.P.Pharm. Sci., 394, 294-299 (1993). 38. " Preparation and release characteristics of some sustained release formulations of nitrofurantoin" S.I.Saleh, S.M.Ahmed, S.I. Abdel-Rahman, S.H.Khidr and A.M.Aly, S.T.P.Pharm.Sci., 3,(5),379-385 (1993). 39. "Preparation and release characteristics of directly compressed sustained release tablets containing nitrofurantoin or phenazopyridine hydrochloride" S.I.Abdel-Rahman, S.I.Saleh, S.M.Ahmed and A.M.Ali, S.T.P.Pharm. Sci., 3(5), 386-390 (1993). 40. "Accelerated stability of ibuprofen-Eudragit RSPM sustained release tablets, IR and DSC solid stability testing" A.A. Abdel-Rahman, A.E. Aboutaleb, A. Stamm, E.M Samy and S.I. Abdel-Rahman, J. Pharm. Belg. 48(6), (463-470 1993). 6 41. "Accelerated stability testing of ibuprofen-Eudragit RSPM sustained release tablets using H -NMR, HPLC and TLC" A.A. Abdel-Rahman, S.I..Abdel-Rahman, E.M. Samy, A.E.Aboutaleb and A Staamm, Bull. Pharm., Sci. Assiut Univ.,16 (1), 1-11 (1993). 42. "Solid stability testing of ibuprofen-Eudragit RESPM sustained release tablets" A.A.Abdel -Rahman, A.E.Aboutaleb, A.Stamm, S.I.Abdel-Rahman and E.M.Samy, Bull. Pharm. Sci.Assiut Univ., 16 (1), 12-24 (1993). 43."Evaluation of ibuprofen cellulosic polymers sustained release tablets"A.A. Abdel -Rahman A.E.Aboutaleb, A.Stamm and S.I.Abdel-Rahman, Bull, Pharm.Sci. Assiut Univ., 16(1), 25-35 (1993). 44 " Sustained release formulations of phenazopyridine hydrochloride with cellulose acetate phthalate" A.M.Aly, S.M.Ahmed, S.I. Abdel-Rahman, S.I. Saleh and A.E.Aboutaleb, Bull.Pharm. Sci. Assiut Univ. 16 (1) 63-72 -72 (1993). 45. "Microencapsulation of nitrofurantoin by coacervation using certain polymeric materials" A.M. Aly, S.I.Saleh, S.M. Ahmed, S.I.Abdel -Rhaman and A.E.Aboutaleb, Bull. Pharm.Sci. Assiut Univ., 16 (1), 73-87 (1993) 46."Interaction of benzocaine with cyclodextrins" S.I. Abdel-Rahman, Egypt. J. Anaeth., 10(2), 381-390 (1994). 47. "Enhancing the dissolution rates of dibucaine and lidocaine", S.I. Abdel-Rahman, Egypt. J. Anaeth., 10(2), 369-379 (1994). 48."Complexation of hydrochlorothiazide and bendrofluazide with -cyclodextrin in solution and in ground mixtures" M.O.Ahmed, S.M. Ahmed, S.I. Saleh and S.I. Abdel-Rahman, Saudi Pharm. J.4(1), 23 (1996). 49. Interaction of loratadine with cyclodextrins_ Sayed I. Abdel-Rahman, Sayed M. Ahmad, Iman M.Samy and Ahmad M. Badawy, Ethiop. Pharm. J. 17, 1-19 (1999). 50. Preparation and in vitro evaluation of floating sustained release captopril tablets and capsules_ S.H. kidr, S.I. Abdel-RAHMAN, E.M. Fettoh and O Abd-ELHakeem, Bull. Pharm. Sci. Assiut Univ. 23(1), 86-90 (2000). 51. Local gum of Acacia polyacantha as a binder in tablet formulation, I: Effects on granule properties , Tegegne Aklilu, Sayed I. Abdel-Rahman and Tsige GebreMariam, Ethiop. Pharm. J. 20, 1-14 (2002). 52. Local gum of Acacia polyacantha as a binder in tablet formulation, II: Effects on tablet properties , Tegegne Aklilu, Sayed I. Abdel-Rahman and Tsige Gebre-Mariam, Ethiop. Pharm. J. 20, 15-30 (2002). 53. Preparation and comparative evaluation of metclorpramide sustained release matrix tablets, Sayed I. Abdel-Rahman, Jamal Mahrous and M. El-Badry, Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 17(4), 295-303 (2009) 54. Formulation of sustained release itopride hydrochloride matrix tablets using direct compression technique, Aly A. Abdel-Rahman, Sayed I. Abdel-Rahman, Jelan A. Abdel-Aleem and Hassan A.Tamam, Unique Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences (UJPB), 1(3), pp72-81(2013) Supervision on Research Work: The applicant has supervised (as a senior supervisor or a member of a committee) 32 research work for Ph.D. and M.Sc. degrees since 1987, some of which are: 7 "Formulation of some sustained release anti-inflammatory dosage forms"Ph.D.(1991). "Preparation and evaluation of controlled release tablets of some diuretics" Ph.D. (1992). "Solubility and stability enhancement of some model drugs by solubilization and Complexation techniques" M.Sc.(1994). "Formulation of captopril controlled-release floating and bioadhesive delivery systems, M.Sc. (1996). “Evaluation of tablet process validation in the Ethiopian Pharmaceutical Factory” M.Sc. (2001). "Formulation and evaluation of sustained release solid dosage forms containing isoxsuprine hydrochloride" Ph.D. (2009). “Evaluation of a pharmaceutical wet granulation process in a new high shear/mixer Granulator” Ph.D. Project, According to the collaborative research program between King Saud University (Walid Al-Kyialy Chiar) and Assuit University (Department of Industrial Pharmacy) statedon October 2112. “Optimization of oral lipid based formulations for poorly water soluble drugs” Ph.D. Project, According to the collaborative research program between King Saud University(Walid Al-Kyialy Chiar) and Assuit University (Department of Industrial Pharmacy) stated onOctober 2012 Other Activities: 1. Member of committees for promotion of staff to associate professor and professorship ranks. 2. Reviewing and examining Ph.D. / M.Sc. thesis on different disciplines of pharmaceutics and pharmaceutical technology. 3. Referring articles to be published in some pharmaceutical journals. 4. Participating in editorial and correspondence work for conferences and workshops. 5. Head/member of the committees approving M.Sc. /Ph.D. proposals. 6. Head/member of the committees of higher studies , environmental affairs, student affairs, libraries and laboratories. Member of the College Council. 7. Supervising directed studies of final-year undergraduate students as well as the seminars of the postgraduates. Current Research : Working in the flowing scopes is currently performed as thesis supervised by the applicant or designed to be published as articles. " Micro-environmental buffering as means for modifying release and stabilizing solid dosage forms" " Microemulsions as transdermal drug delivery systems" “Nano-particles as a new trend for targeting and improved efficiency of certain drugs.” “Effective preservation of solution dosage forms containing complexing and solubilizing Agents” "Gastro-retentive dosage forms; bioadhesion and flotation: formulation and evaluation" I certify that the aforementioned statementsare true and complete. 8 Sayed Ibrahim Abdel-Rahman Hassan, Ph.D. Professor, Pharmaceutical Technology & Pharmaceutics 9