APA Citation Notes
S. Sizemore, English
Student Name: __________________
APA Research Paper: Guided Notes
1. The ______________ ______________ ______________ (APA) citation style is the most commonly used format for
manuscripts in the social sciences.
2 APA regulates: (1) ______________ (2) ______________ (3) ______________.
3. You should use ______________ voice rather than passive voice.
4. The experimental report includes: (1) ______________ (2) ______________ (3) ______________(4) ______________
(5) ______________ (6) ______________ (7) ______________ (8) ______________.
5. Your essay should: be typed, be ______________ space, have ______________inch margins, use 10-12 point standard
font (ex. ______________) and be ______________.
6. Every page of your essay should have: a page ______________(______________, all caps) and the page number in the
upper ______________.
7. Your essay should include 4 sections: (1) ______________ (2) ______________ (3) ______________ (4)
______________.
Cover Page and Abstract
8. You need a cover page. It should have: a page ______________:(use Insert Page Header) title flush ______________
+ page number flush right.
9. Do not include ______________ ______________ in your page header.
10.Next, you need an abstract page. The word "abstract" should be ______________, at the top of the page.
11. Your abstract is: ______________a word ______________of your paper in an accurate, concise, and specific manner.
12. After your cover page and abstract, you can begin your essay.
• Number the first text page as page number______________
• Type and center the ______________ of the paper at the top of the page
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Type the text ______________-______________with all sections following each other without a break
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Identify the ______________ you use in the paper in ______________,in-text citations
Reference Page
13. After the essay, you need a ______________ page.
• ______________ the title (References) at the top of the page. Do not ______________ it.
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______________ -space reference entries
APA Citation Notes
S. Sizemore, English
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Flush left the first line of the entry and ______________ subsequent lines
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Order entries______________ by the surname of the first author of each work
14. When you are arranging your "References" page, you should:
• ______________ authors’ names (______________ name first followed by initials)
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EX:“Smith, J.Q.”
______________ only the______________letter of the first word of a title and subtitle, the first word after a colon
or a dash in the title, and proper nouns. Do not capitalize the first letter of the second word in a hyphenated
compound word.
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EX: The perfectly formatted paper: How the Purdue OWL saved my essay.
• ______________all major words in______________ titles
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______________ titles of longer works such as ______________and journals
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Do ______________ italicize, underline, or put quotes around the titles of ______________works such as journal
articles or essays in edited collections
15. APA is a complex system of citation. When compiling the reference list, the strategy below might be useful:
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Identify the type of ______________:
Is it a book? A journal article? A webpage?
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Find a sample ______________ for this type of source
Check a textbook or the OWL APA Guide: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/
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“Mirror” the sample
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Make sure that the entries are listed in ______________ order and that the subsequent lines are indented (Recall
References: Basics)
In-text (parenthetical) Citations:
16. In-text citations help readers locate the cited source in the References section of the paper. Whenever you use a
source, provide in parenthesis:
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the author’s ______________ and the ______________of publication
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for______________and close paraphrases, provide the author’s name, date of publication, and a page
number
APA Citation Notes
S. Sizemore, English
17. When quoting:
• Introduce the quotation with a ______________ phrase
• Include the ______________ name, ______________of publication, and page number
• Keep the citation brief—do not ______________the information
18. Provide the author’s last name and the year of publication in parenthesis after a summary or a ______________.
19. Include the author’s name in the______________phrase, followed by the year of publication in parenthesis.
20. When including the quotation in a summary/paraphrase, also provide a______________number in parenthesis after
the quotation:
21. Signal phrases are used to introduce quotes.
Introduce quotations with ______________phrases, e.g.:
• According to Xavier (______________), “….” (p. 3).
• Xavier (2008) ______________that “……” (p. 3).
Use such signal verbs such as:
•
______________, contended, maintained,
APA Citation Notes
•
S. Sizemore, English
responded, reported, argued, concluded, etc.
Use the ______________tense or the present ______________tense of verbs in signal phrases when they discuss past
events.
22. When the parenthetical citation includes ______________or more works, order them in the same way they appear in
the reference list—the author’s name, the year of publication—separated by a ______________-colon.
23.When citing a work with______________authors, use:
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In the signal phrase, use “______________” in between the authors’ names
In parenthesis, use “______________” between names
24. When citing a work with ______________ to five authors, identify all authors in the signal phrase or in parenthesis.
(Harklau, Siegal, & Losey, 1999)
• In subsequent citations, only use the first author's last name followed by "_______ _______." in the signal phrase
or in parentheses. (Harklau et al., 1993)
25. When citing a work with ______________ and more authors, identify the first author’s name followed by “et al.”
26. When citing a work of unknown author:
• use the source’s full ______________ in the signal phrase
• cite the first word of the title followed by the______________ of publication in parenthesis.
• According to “Indiana Joins Federal Accountability System” (2008)
OR (“Indiana,” 2008)
27. Titles:
Articles and Chapters = “ ”
Books and Reports = italicize
28. When citing an organization:
• mention the organization the ______________ time you cite the source in the signal phrase or the parenthetical
citation.
APA Citation Notes
S. Sizemore, English
• If the organization has a well-known abbreviation, ______________ the abbreviation in brackets the first time the
source is cited and then use only the ______________ in later citations.
29. When citing interviews, letters, ______________, etc., include the communicator’s name, the fact that it was
personal communication, and the ______________ of the communication.
Do______________ include personal communication in the reference list.
30. When citing an electronic ______________, whenever possible, cite it in the author-______________ style. If
electronic source lacks page numbers, locate and identify______________number/paragraph heading.
Resources:
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The Purdue OWL: http://owl.english.purdue.edu and https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/
The Purdue Writing Lab @ HEAV 226
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th ed.
APA’s website: http://www.apastyle.org
BibMe: http://www.bibme.org/apa/website-citation
Easy Bib: http://www.easybib.com/reference/guide/apa/newspaper
Citation Machine: http://www.citationmachine.net/apa/cite-a-book
Sample paper: https://owl.english.purdue.edu/media/pdf/20090212013008_560.pdf
Source:
Newspaper:
In-text Citation Examples:
(Author's last name, year)
References Format/Examples:
Last, F. M. (Year, Month Date Published). Article title.
Newspaper Title, pp. Page(s).
(Jackson, 1994)
Online
Newspaper:
Website:
Same as above:
Website/Blog:
Same as above.
Book:
One author:
If possible, cite an electronic document the
same as any other document by using the
author-date style.
(Author's last name, year)
(Jackson 1994)
(Author's last name, year)
(Jackson 1994)
Last, F. M. (Year, Month Date Published). Article title.
Newspaper Title, pp. Page(s). Retrieved from URL
Last, F. M. (Year, Month Date Published). Article title.
Retrieved from URL
Last, F. M. (Year Month Date Published). Article title
[Type of blog post]. Retrieved from URL.
Last, F. M. (Year Published) Book. City, State:
Publisher
APA Citation Notes
S. Sizemore, English
Two authors:
Name both authors in the signal phrase or
in the parentheses each time you cite the
work. Use the word "and" between the
authors' names within the text and use the
ampersand in the parentheses.
Research by Wegener and Petty (1994)
supports...
(Wegener & Petty, 1994)
Interview:
(E. Robbins, personal communication,
January 4, 2001).
Soriano, A. (2008, April 5). Telephone interview.
OR: Soriano, A. (2008, April 5). Email interview.
Or: Soriano, A. (2008, April 5). Personal interview.
Signal verbs that can be used in signal phrases:
Acknowledged, Believed, Declared, Granted, Observed, Reported, Added, Claimed, Denied, Illustrated, Offered,
Responded, Admitted, Commented, Disclosed, Implied, Pointed out, Suggested, Addressed, Compared, Disputed,
Insisted, Reasoned, Testified, Argued, Confirmed, Emphasized, Negated, Refuted, Thought,
Asserted, Contended, Endorsed, Noted, Rejected, Wrote.