Ways of evaluation of active nitrogen emission in the industry
Emission of nitrogen-containing compounds in the “Industrial processes” sector
includes emissions caused by industrial production and caused by usage nitrogencontaining compounds in different technological processes.
Evaluation of emission of active nitrogen-containing compounds has to be
conducted on production and usage of different products: mineral products, organic
chemical products, metals, cellulose and food products. Main industrial sources of air
pollution with active nitrogen-containing compounds are listed in table 1.
Table 1.
Main sources of air pollution by active nitrogen-containing compounds in industry
Branch of industry; machines
Emitted active nitrogen
derivatives
1. Machinery construction (industrial ovens, car NOх
engines)
2. Oil-processing and coal-processing industry
NOх, NН3
3. Chemical industry
NOх, NН3 (multicomponent
mixtures
that contain
nitrogen-containing
compounds)
4. Building materials production
NН3
(multicomponent
mixtures
that contain
nitrogen-containing
compounds)
5. Electricity production
NOх
6. Ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy
NН3, CN¯
7. Mining and processing of mineral ore
NOх
The most complex among specified emission sources is chemical industry. This industry
unites processes of production of useful compounds using methods of organic and nonorganic synthesis.
Chemical industry is divided into two large groups:
1.
Heavy Chemicals Industry. Heavy chemical industry is characterized by
the release of large amounts of air pollutants, including reactive nitrogen compounds.
Those basic chemicals which are manufactured in large quantities, sodium
hydroxide, chlorine, ammonia, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, monomers for polymers
production. Large-scale chemical processes of obtaining nitrogen-containing
compounds that can use nitrogen-containing reactive. For example, production of
sulfuric acid by nitrous method.
Heavy Chemicals are mainly non-complex compounds that belong to
hydrocarbons, chlorinated aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, phenols,
aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and their anhydrides, esters and ethers, nitro
compounds, amines, nitriles, etc. According to its purpose, products of the organic
synthesis are divided into two large groups:
1. Intermediates are the products that serve as the basis for further synthesis of other
products. In that case, reactive nitrogen emissions is possible only during synthesis
of these compounds. Production of synthetic organic compounds that are used in
large scales as intermediates, solvents, refrigerants and thermal agents is
independent branch of chemical industry. This branch is called "basic organic
synthesis industry" and provides intermediates for other branches, such as aniline,
perfume, chemical-pharmaceutical, paint, rubber etc.
2. Final products or purpose. When evaluating active nitrogen emission for this
group of compounds it is required to take into account emission of active nitrogencontaining compounds during production and during usage of the products. This is a
complex task that requires the use of the methods of probability theory and elements of
reliability theory.
The final products of organic synthesis are divided into the following groups:
• Monomers and basic components of polymer materials;
• Plasticizers and auxiliary components of polymer materials;
• Synthetic surfactants and detergents;
• Synthetic fuel, synthetic oil and additives;
• Solvents;
• Pesticides.
IMPORTANT NOTICE
According to the Law of Ukraine «On government statistics», spreading of the
information that can be used to obtain confidential information about specified
respondent is prohibited. As the result, statistical data on industrial production from
less than three enterprises are unavailable. To evaluate emissions for these categories,
default coefficients are used.
Besides, the same law prohibits spreading of the information that can help
determine confidential information about specified respondent indirectly.
L. Moklyachuk