DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY
ANTH 1601
Fall Term 2013
UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH
Structure and Function
Dr. Michael I. Siegel
TEXTS:
McMurtrie, H. and J. K. Rikel, The Coloring Review Guide to Human Anatomy, Wm. C. Brown
Co.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
Basmajian, J. V., Primary Anatomy. Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore, 1982, 8th ed.
Chiasson, R. B., Laboratory Anatomy of the White Rat. Wm. C. Brown Co., Dubuque.
Farris, E. J. and J. Q. Griffith, The Rat in Laboratory Investigation. Lippincott, London, 1949.
(Reprinted)
Greene, E. C., Anatomy of the Rat. Transact. Amer. Philos. Soc. N. S. 27, 1955 (Hafner Pub.
Co., NY).
Murray, P. D. F., Bones: A Study of the Development and Structure of the Vertebrate Skeleton.
Cambridge Univ. Press, 1936. (Reprinted 1985)
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Avis, V., The Significance of the Angle of the Mandible: An Experimental and Comparative
Study. Amer. J. Phys. Anthropol. 19:52-62, 1961.
Baker, L. W., The Influence of the Formative Dental Organs on the Growth of the Face. A. J.
Orthodont. 27: 489-493, 1941.
Bassett, A. L., Electrical Effects in Bone. Sci. Amer. 213: 18-25, 1965.
Bernstein, P. and E. S. Crelin, Bony Pelvic Sexual Dimorphism in the Rat. Anat. Rec. 157:
517-526, 1967.
Crelin, E. S., The Developmental Mechanism of Pelvic Sexual Dimorphism in Mice. Anat. Rec.
130: 401, 1958.
Crelin, E. S. and D. K. Blood, The Influence of the Testes on the Shaping of the Bony Pelvis in
Mice. Anat. Rec. 140: 375-379, 1961.
Doyle, W. J., Antagonistic Compensation as a Function of Reduced Weight Bearing. Acta.
anat. 95: 1-7, 1976.
Doyle, W. J., M. I. Siegel and K. R. Kimes, Scapular Correlates of Muscle Morphology in Macaca
mulatta. Acta anat. 106: 493-501, 1980.
DuBrul, E. L. and D. M. Laskin, Preadaptive Potentialities of the Mammalian Skull: An
Experiment in Growth and Form. A. J. Anat. 109: 117-132, 1961.
DuBrul, E. L. and H. Sicher, The Adaptive Chin. Thomas, Springfield, IL, 1954.
Fenart, R., Changements Morphologiques De L'Encephale Chez Le Rat Ampute Des Membres
Anteriers. J. F. Hirnforschung 8: 493-501, 1965-66.
Goff, C., Surgical Treatment of Unequal Extremities. Ch. T. Thomas, Springfield, IL, 1960.
Anthropology 1601/Structure and Function, Page 2
Goff, C. and W. Landmesser, Bipedal Rats and Mice, Laboratory Animals for Orthopaedic
Research. J. Bone It. Surgery 39, A: 616-622, 1957.
Harrison, G. A., Temperature Adaptation as Evidenced by Growth of Mice. Fed. Proc. 22:
691-698, 1963.
, The Adaptability of Mice to High Environmental Temperatures. J. Exper. Biol. 36:
892-901, 1958.
Horowitz, S. L. and H. H. Shapiro, Modifications of the Mandibular Architecture Following
Removal of the Masseter Muscle in the Rat. Amer. J. Phys. Anthropol. 13: 301-308, 1955.
Joseph, J., Man's Posture: Electromyographic Studies. Amer. Lec. Ser. Ch. Thomas,
Springfield, IL, 1960.
Kersten, H., et al., A New Method for the Indirect Measurement of Blood Pressure in the Rat.
J. Lab. Clin. Med. St. Louis 39: 1090-1098, 1947.
Kimes, K. R., W. J. Doyle and M. I. Siegel, Scapular Correlates of Muscle Morphology in Papio
cynocephalus. Acta. anat. 104: 414-420, 1979.
Moss, M. L., Rotations of the Cranial Components in the Growing Rat and Their Experimental
Alteration. Acta anat. 32: 65-86, 1958.
Moss, M. L. and M. R. Simon, Growth of the Human Mandibular Angular Process: A
Functional Cranial Analysis. Amer. J. Phys. Anthropol. 28: 127-138, 1968.
Moss, M. L. and R. W. Young, A Functional Approach to Craniology. Amer. J. Phys.
Anthropol. 18: 1-292, 1960.
Nathan, H., et al., A Simple Method of Inducing Erect Posture in Baboons. Amer. J. Phys.
Anthropol. 22: 321-328, 1964.
Neubauer, G., Experimentelle Untersuchung Uber Die Boeinflussung Der Schadelform. Z.
Morphol. Anthrop. 23: 411-442, 1925.
Neumann, F. and M. Kramer, Antagonism of Androgenic and Anti-androgenic Agents in
Action in Rat Fetuses. Endocrinology 75: 428-433, 1964.
Pratt, L. W., Behavior of Bipedal Rats. Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull. 72: 265-273, 1943.
1943.
, Experimental Masseterectomy in the Laboratory Rat. J. Mammalogy 24: 204-211,
Pottorf, J. L., An Experimental Study of Bone Growth in the Dog. Anat. Rec. 10: 234, 1916.
Riesenfeld, A., The Effects of Experimental Bipedalism and Upright Posture in the Rat and
Their Significance for the Study of Human Evolution. Acta. anat. 65: 449-521, 1966.
1967.
, Biodynamics of Head Form and Cranio-Facial Relationships. Homo 18: 233-251,
, The Adaptive Mandible: An Experimental Study. Acta. anat. 72: 246-262, 1969.
, Head Balance and Brachycephalization. Homo 20: 81-90, 1969.
, On Some "Racial" Features in Rats, Dogs and Men. Homo 21: 163-175, 1970a.
Anthropology 1601/Structure and Function, Page 3
, The Effects of Environmental Factors on Tooth Development: An Experimental
Investigation. Acta. anat. 77: 188-215, 1970b.
, The Effect of Extreme Temperatures and Starvation on the Body Proportions of the
Rat. Amer. J. Phys. Anthropol. 39: 427-460, 1973.
, Body Build and Temperature Tolerance: An Experimental Analysis of Ecological
Rules. Acta. anat. 107: 35-45, 1980.
Riesenfeld, A. and M. I. Siegel, The Relationship Between Facial Proportions and Root Length
in the Dentition of Dogs. Amer. J. Phys. Anthropol. 33: 429-432, 1970.
Riesenfeld, A., M. I. Siegel, M. P. Mooney, J. T. Seroky, and A. B. Taylor, The Effects of
Perinatal Alcohol Exposure and Dietary Calcium Supplements on Skeletal and Dental
Growth in Rats. Acta anat., 140:1-7, 1991.
Siegel, M. I., The Tail, Locomotion and Balance in Mice. Amer. J. Phys. Anthropol. 33: 101-102,
1970.
, The Relationship Between Facial Protrusion and Root Length in the Dentition of
Baboons. Acta. anat. 83: 17-29, 1972.
, The Facial and Dental Consequences of Nasal Septum Resection in Baboons: A
Preliminary Report. In: Medical Primatology, 1972, ed. by E. I. Goldsmith and J.
Moor-Jankowski. Karger, Basel (204-211), 1972.
, The Mechanisms of Early Maxillary Growth: Implications for Surgery. J. Oral Surg.
34: 106-112, 1975.
, Dentofacial Relationships in Sexually Dimorphic Populations, pp. 73-76. In: Recent
Advances in Primatology, Vol. 3: Evolution, ed. by D. J. Chivers and K. A. Joysey. Academic
Press, London, 1978.
, Early Septal Surgery in the Chimpanzee Animal Model. Cleft Palate J. 15: 77-78, 1978.
Siegel, M. I. and W. J. Doyle, The Differential Effects of Prenatal and Postnatal Audiogenic
Stress on Fluctuating Dental Asymmetry. J. Exp. Zool. 191: 211-214, 1975.
, Stress and Fluctuating Limb Asymmetry in Various Species of Rodents. Growth 39:
363-369, 1975.
, The Effects of Cold Stress on Fluctuating Asymmetry in the Dentition of the Mouse.
J. Exp. Zool. 193: 385-389, 1975.
Siegel, M. I., W. J. Doyle and C. Kelley. Heat Stress, Fluctuating Asymmetry and Prenatal
Selection in the Laboratory Rat. Amer. J. Phys. Anthropol. 46: 121-126, 1977.
Siegel, M. I. and C. L. Jones, The Skeletal Correlates of Behavioral Modification in the
Laboratory Mouse. Amer. J. Phys. Anthropol. 42: 141-144, 1975.
Siegel, M. I. and M. P. Mooney, Perinatal Stress and Increased Fluctuating Asymmetry of
Dental Calcium in the Dentition of Laboratory Rats. Amer. J. Phys. Anthropol. 73(2):
267-270, 1987.
Siegel, M. I., M. P. Mooney, K. R. Kimes and J. Todhunter, Analysis of the Size Variability of
the Normal and Cleft Palate Human Fetal Nasal Capsule by Three Dimensional Computer
Reconstruction of Histological Preparations. Cleft Palate J. 24: 190-199, 1987.
Anthropology 1601/Structure and Function, Page 4
Siegel, M. I., M. P. Mooney and A. B. Taylor, Tooth Size Reduction as a Consequence of
Environmental Stress. Amer. J. Phys. Anthropol. 78: 302, 1989.
Siegel, M. I., M. P. Mooney and A. B. Taylor, Dental and Skeletal Reduction as a Consequence of
Environmental Stress. Acta Zool. Fennica 191: 145-149, 1992.
Siegel, M. I. and B. Pernotto, Hand Use and Metacarpal Robusticity in Catarrhini. Primates
16(4): 371-377, 1975.
Siegel, M. I., P. W. Sciulli and B. Rosenberg-Bassin, LDH Isozymes: The Effects of Cold on Their
Distribution in Leg Muscle of the Rat (Rattus norvegicus albinicus). Comp. Biochem. &
Physio. 45B: 616, 1973.
Siegel, M. I. and H. H. Smookler, Fluctuating Dental Asymmetry and Audiogenic Stress.
Growth 37: 35-39, 1973.
Siegel, M. I. and J. Todhunter, Image Recognition and the Reconstruction of Cleft Palate
Histological Preparations: A New Approach. Cleft Palate J. 16: 381-384, 1979.
Siegel, M. I. and R. Van Meter, Skeletal Correlates of Ecological Adaptation in Two Species of
Deer Mice. J. Mammalogy 54(1): 275-278, 1973.
Sunstream, E. S., Studies on the Adaptation of Albino Mice to an Artificially Produced Climate.
A. J. Physiol. 60: 397-447, 1922.
, The Physiological Effects of Tropical Climate. Physiol. Rev. 7: 320-362, 1927.
Washburn, S. L., The New Physical Anthropology. Trans. NY Acad. Sci. Ser. 11/13: 298-304,
1951.
, The Relation of the Temporalis Muscle to the Form of the Skull. Anat. Rec. 99:
239-248, 1947.
Watt, D. G. and C. H. M. Williams, The Effects of the Physical Consistency of Food on the
Growth and Development of the Mandible and Maxilla of the Rat. Amer. J. Ostodont. 37:
895-928, 1951.
Young, R. W., The Influence of Cranial Contents on Postnatal Growth of the Skull of the Rat.
Am. J. Anat. 105: 383-415, 1959.