AP CHAPTER 14 TESTBANK KEY
1. Eighteenth-century popularizers of the
seventeenth-century scientific revolution would
have
most likely agreed with which of the
following statements?
(A) God intervenes actively in the universe’s
operation.
(B) Understanding the natural order is beyond
human comprehension.
(C) Humans are imperfect and wicked by nature.
(D) Underlying natural laws govern society.
(E) Respect for tradition ensures human progress.
2.Surgeon barbers of the preindustrial period are
generally associated with which of the following
treatments for illness and disease?
(A) Herbal medicines
(B) Exorcism
(C) “Touching” by the king
(D) Quarantine
(E) Bloodletting
3.The Scientific Revolution overturned the accepted
ideas of which of the following?
a. Aristotle
b. Vesalius
c. Copernicus
d. Galileo
e. Euclid
4.The English scientist William Harvey became
known for his experiments that led him to write
about
a. Circulation of the blood
b. The discovery of capillaries
c. Accurate human anatomy
d. The digestive system
e. The respiratory system
5.The seventeenth-century English scientist Willian
Harvery discovered
a. That alchemy was a false science
b. The elliptical orbit of the Earth around the
sun
c. How blood circulates within the human
body
d. The circumference of the Earth
e. The function of the liver
6.The scientific method may be defined as
a. Moving from the general to the specific
b. Moving from the specific to the general
c. Reading widely from the work of others
d. Inventing new instruments such as the
microscope
e. Being part of the new scientific academies
7.Which of the following is true of the Copernican
model of the cosmos
a. The planets orbit the Sun in uniform
circular orbits
b. The planets orbit he Earth in elliptical orbits
with the Sun as one focus of the ellipse
c. The universe is infinite
d. The planets orbit the Sun in elliptical orbits
with the Earth as one focus of the ellipse
e. The moon orbits the Sun, not the Earth
8.Galileo’s discovery of crater on the surface of the
moon damaged the traditional view of the cosmos
because it
a. Demonstrated that the moon was not
made of perfect matter
b. Demonstrated the power of the telescope
c. Contradicted the notion that the Earth was
at the center of the cosmos
d. Called into question the perfection of God’s
creative power
e. All of the above
9.After the publication of Newton’s Principia
Matematica in 1687,
a. Mathematics became the “queen of the
sciences”
b. People spoke of a universe instead of a
cosmos
c. It was known that Jupiter had four moons
d. It was understood that the cosmos was
geocentric
e. Newton was condemned by the Catholic
Church
10. The publication, in 1632, of the Dialogue on the
Two Chief Systems of the World resulted in Galileo
being called before the Inquisition because
a. it described the Copernican system
b. it blatantly ridiculed the Aristotlian system
in the vernacular Italian
c. it denied the existence of God
d. it was a Protestant text
e. it claimed that the Copernican system was
actually true
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AP CHAPTER 14 TESTBANK KEY
11. The theory which came to be known as
Copernicanism
a. Argued that each piece of matter in the
universe was attracted to every other
particle of matter by a universally operating
force
b. Promoted a geocentric model of the
cosmos
c. Declared that all matter was made up of
four elements
d. Promoted a heliocentric of the cosmos
e. Argued that the universe was infinite
12. Tycho Brahe’s biggest ontribution to astonomy
was his
a. Observatory on the coast of Denmark
b. Telescope that he built
c. 20 years of records ddocumenting naked
eye observations
d. Mathematical formulas
e.Correspondence with Galileo
13.The biggest contribution of Johannes Kepler was
a. The heliocentric theory of the universe
b. Mathematical formulas for the elliptical
orbits of planets
c. The theory of gravity
d. His data from 20 years of astronomical
observations
e.The invention of the telescope
14. Isaac Newton is best described as working in
a. Aristotelian tradition
b. Scholastic tradition
c. Hermetic tradition
d. The Platonic-Pythagorean tradition
e.The Copernican tradition
15. The sketch above, drawn by Galileo in 1610, was
used to argue that the Moon
(A) has no phases
(B) has an irregular surface
(C) is one of the planets
(D) does not revolve around the Earth
(E) is illuminated by Mars
16. The model of the universe which resulted from
the scientific work of Galileo and Newton
embraced
(A) Aristotelian philosophy
(B) a belief in an ascending “chain of being”
(C) a conception of a spiritually animate universe
(D) the belief in the fixed, central position of the
Earth
(E) the science of mechanics
17.The individual who first provided mathematical
formulas supporting the Copernican theory and
explaining planetary motion was
(A)
Galileo Galilei
(B)
Isaac Newton
(C)
Tycho Brahe
(D)
René Descartes
(E)
Johannes Kepler
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AP CHAPTER 14 TESTBANK KEY
18.Galileo believed that all aspects of nature could
be described in terms of
a. The relationship to human morality
b. Spiritual harmonies
c. Mathematical relationships
d. The motion of atoms
e. Their relation to celestial vibrations
19.Which of the following is true of the scientific
revolution ?
a. It was not a complex movement and had
few false starts
b. It was not rapid
c. It amounted a rejection of Christianity
d. It involved a large collective of people that
numbered in the thousands
e. Everything associated with the revolution
was new and groundbreaking
20.The scientific fact that the orbits of the planets
are elliptical was discovered by
a. Kepler
b. Newton
c. Copernicus
d. Galileo
e. Brahe
21.During the 16th century, the discoveries that most
capured the public imagination were made in
a. Biology
b. Natural history
c. Astronomy
d. Medicine
e. Chemistry
22. He published On the Revolutions of the Heavenly
Spheres and rejected the notion of an earth
centered universe
a. Galileo Galilei
b. Isaac Newton
c. Nicolaus Copernicus
d. Tycho Brahe
e. Johannes Kepler
23.In the early 16th century, the standard
explanation of the place on earth in the heavens
combined the work of
a. Plato and Aristotle
b. Socrates and Plato
c. Brahe and Kepler
d. Ptolemy and Aristotle
e. Aquinas and Bacon
24. Which of the following was Tycho Brahe’s major
contribution to science?
a. He produced a vast body of astronomical
data from which his successors could work
b. His ground breaking scientific research in
which he suggested that Mercury and
Venus revolved around the sun
c. He proved that the moon and other planets
revolved around the earth
d. He proved that the planets had elliptical
orbits
e. He proved Copernicus’ research as incorrect
and published his own geocentrism findings
25. Which of the following is true of planetary
motion and established a basis for physics that
endured for more that two centuries
a. Isaac Newton
b. Nicolaus Copernicus
c. Johannes Kepler
d. Galileo Galilei
e. Tycho Brahe
26.Newton was a mathematical genius, but before
he upheld a theory he thought it should be
a. It reconciled with Aristotle
b. Tested to see if it was what he actually
observed
c. Approved by the Church of England
d. Reconciled with rationalism
e. Agreed upon by other mathematicians of
the time
And New Philosophy calls all in doubt,
The element of Fire is quite put out;
The Sun is lost, and th' Earth, and no man's wit
Can well direct him where to look for it.
27. These verses by John Donne (1573-1631) refer to
the scientific work of
a. Harvey
b. Leeuwenhoek
c. Copernicus
d. Paracelsus
e. Ptolemy
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AP CHAPTER 14 TESTBANK KEY
28. 18th century populizers of the 17th scientific
revolution would have most likely agreed with which
of the following statements
a. God intervenes activiely in the universe’s
operation
b. understanding the natural order is beyond
human comprehension
c. humans are imperfect and wicked by nature
d. underlying natural laws govern society
e. respect for tradition ensures human progress
29. Johannes Kepler improved on Copernicus’
theories by
a. introducing the concept of heliocentricism
b. demonstrated the laws of gravitational attraction
c. intitially questioning the theory of crystalline
spheres
d. demonstrating that planets have elliptical orbits
e. charting the epicycles of the planets
33.Which revolution cause the greatest change in
the world view and in the evolution of Western
Society?
a. The French Revolution
b. The Russian Revolution
c. the American Revolution
d. the Scientific Revolution of the 17th century
e. the Price Revolution of the 16th century
34.He said he had seen further that other because
he had stood on the shoulder of giants when
explaining how he revolutionized the way humans
viewed the universe in 1687.
a. Kepler
b. Newton
c. Galileo
d. Tycho Brahe
e. Bacon
SCIENCE 2
30. The great scientific discoveries of the 16th and
17th centuries led European scholars to believe that
a. everything in nature and society operated in ways
similar to those of a living organism
b. the universe was orderly and operated according
to fixed rules
c. religious tradition formed the basis for all scientific
truths and assumptions
d. the experimental method was an unreliable
vehicle for scientific inquiry
e. only that which could be seen and examined was
real
31. The individual who first provided mathematical
formulas supporting the Copernican theory and
explaining planetary motion was
a. Galileo Galilei
b. Isaac Newton
c. Tycho Brahe
d. Rene Descartes
e. Johannes Kepler
32. As a result of the scientific theories developed
through the 16th and 17th centuries, Europeans
developed a conception of the universe
a. as governed by natural laws
b. as geocentric
c. as guided in every physical realm by a personal
God
d. as chaotic, reflective of chance
e. as Aristotlian in make up
35. Which of the following is the best example of the
method described by Descartes in his Discourse on
Method?(1637)
a. True reality exists in the world of pure
forms
b. “I think, therefore I am”
c. A telescope reveals craters and mountains
on the moon, therefore, matter in the
celestial realm cannot be perfect
d. The orbits of the planets can be calculated
using calculus
e. “Every particle of matter in the universe
attracts every other particle with a force
varying inversely as the square of the
distance between them and directly
proportional to the product of their
masses”
36. In Leviathan, Thomas Hobbes became an
advocate for which of the following types of
government
a. Absolute monarchy
b. Parliamentary government
c. Divine-right monarchy
d. Constitutional monarchy
e. Democracy
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AP CHAPTER 14 TESTBANK KEY
37.Which of the following would be advocated by a
follower of Descrates
a. There are four elements in the terrestrial
realm
b. All true knowledge is derived from
observation
c. Seeing is believing
d. One should always proceed from a clear
and distinct idea
e. Telescope observations should be the basis
of knowledge of the heavans
“His enthusiasm for scientific method, his belief that
everything could be reduced to mathematical terms,
and his insistence on systematic doubt of all earlier
theories left a profound mark on the thinking of
scientists in the next two centuries.
38. The passage above is a description of the work of
(A) Francis Bacon
(B) Tycho Brahe
(C) Isaac Newton
(D) Renê Descartes
(E) Baruch Spinoza
39. John Locke based his Two Treatises on
Government primarily on which of the following
views of human nature?
(A) People are basically rational and learn from
practical experience.
(B) People are weak and sinful and need the guidance of organized religion.
(C) People are fallible and need guidance from the
cumulative wisdom of tradition.
(D) People are inherently quarrelsome and should
never be encouraged to revolt against state
authority.
(E) People are born with all knowledge, and learning
is the process of remembering that innate
knowledge
40. “Man, being the servant and interpreter of
Nature, can do and understand so much . . . as he
has observed.. . . Beyond this he neither knows anything nor can do anything.”
The passage above was written by
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Francis Bacon
Martin Luther
René Descartes
Georg Hegel
Friedrich Nietzsche
41. Rene Descartes and Francis Bacon contributed to
scientific development in the seventeenth century
by
a. making observations of planetary movements
b. perfecting the metric system
c. conducting experiments about gravitational
forces
d. introducing logarithms
e. articulating theories of the scientific method
42. Many proponents of mechanism believed
a. Machines could do the work of humans
b. Humans are machines whose purpose is to
produce knowledge
c. Human beings were machines, slaves to
religion
d. Mechanism and Christianity could not be
reconciled
e. The world can be explained in mechanical
metaphors
43. Francis Bacon believed that
a. Knowledge of nature was primarily useful
for what it told us about the divine
b. The best era of human history lay in
antiquity
c. Nature was too complicated to be
understood through human experiment
d. The study of nature began with the
articulation of general principles
e. Knowledge of nature should be used to
improve the human condition
44. Although he invented analytic geometry, his
most important contribution was to develop a
scientific method that relied more on deduction –
reasoning from general principal to arrive at specific
facts
a. Galileo
b. Rene Descartes
c. Isaac Newtom
d. Johannes Kepler
e. Francis Bacon
45. Descartes divided existing things into two
categories, body and
a. God
b. Modality
c. Metaphor
d. Being
e. Mind
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AP CHAPTER 14 TESTBANK KEY
46. According to Hobbes, human beings escape the
terrible state of nature by
a. Abolishing monarchy
b. Agreeing to live by the golden rule
c. Naturally being sociable
d. Embracing Christianity
e. Becoming selfless and obeying others
47. Hobbes saw human beings as
a. Lower that the lowest animals
b. Naturally docile
c. Self-centered , power-hungry creatures
d. Basically just
e. Basically good
48. In Locke’s view, the relationship between rulers
and the governed had as it foundation
a. Trust
b. Divine will
c. Military power
d. Injustice
e. Economic inequality
49. Which of the following is NOT true of the
expansion of new and natural knowledge?
a. Its followers saw themselves as defenders
of the modern against the ancients
b. It opposed Scholasticism
c. It opposed Aristotlianism
d. It criticized universities
e. The state played a role in the expansion of
natural knowledge
50. Francis Bacon, Galileo, and Isaac Newton
promoted the idea that knowledge should be based
on
a.
b.
c.
d.
the experiences of past civilizations
experimentation and observation
emotions and feelings
the teachings of the Catholic Church
51. Which of the following individuals became
known as the father of the scientific method
a. Descartes
b. Francis Bacon
c. Robert Boyle
d. John Locke
e. Rochard Hooker
52. All of the following are true of women during the
scientific revolution EXCEPT
a. Women associated with the artisan crafts
usually achieved gender freedom to pursue
the new sciences than did noblewomen
b. The majority of universities excluded
women
c. The majority of monasteries excluded
women
d. Noblewomen usually achieved greater
freedom to pursue the new sciences than
did women associated with that artisan
crafts
e. Women were largely excluded from
participation in the new science
53.Maria Winkelman made her contribution in the
field of
a. Astonomy
b. Natural history
c. Biology
d. Medicine
e. Chemistry
54. The Catholic Church admitted that errors had
occurred in the 1633 trial of Galileo in
a. 1680
b. 1887
c. 1755
d. 1992
e. The Catholic Church has never admitted
such errors existed
55. Galileo was found guilty of heresy and condemned by the Inquisition on the grounds that he:
(A) left the Roman Catholic Church and became a
Protestant
(B) used his telescope to explore the heavens
(C) actively supported the Gallican cause in France
against papal supremacy
(D) publicly advocated Copernicus' heliocentric
system
(E) discovered the law of universal gravitation
56. Which of the following is NOT true of Pascal?
a. He believed that a loving God exists
b. He was a Jesuit
c. He saw human beings as corrupt
d. He believed that reason could not resolve
all religious issues
e. He allied himself with the Jansenists
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AP CHAPTER 14 TESTBANK KEY
57. According to Pascal’s famous wager
a. Salvation was a matter of pure chance
b. Only one person in a hundred would be
saved
c. It is best to live life to the fullest, regardless
of your religious beliefs, and if God does
exist, seek forgiveness near the end of your
life
d. It is best to believe that God does not exist,
you will be joyful rather than disappointed
e. It is best to believe God exists and stake
everything to gain the lot: if God should
prove not to exist , comparatively little will
be lost
58. How many people were sentenced to death for
witchcraft or harmful magic between 1400 and 1700
a. 25,000 to 35,000
b. 1.5 to 2 million
c. 2,000 to 3,000
d. 500,000 to 600,000
e. 70,000 to 100,000
59. What was the percentage of people accused of
witchcraft in the early modern period were women?
a. 30
b. 100
c. 80
d. 10
e. 50
60. Based upon your knowledge of the text, which of
the following is the most plausible cause of the with
hunts?
a. Witches were primarily women and since
women bore children that were causing an
economic and scientific panic, they were to
blame
b. Large numbers of men and women were
actually engaged in witchcraft
c. The corrupt government needed a
distracter from the bad publicity and since
the same women that were suspected
witches were spreading the news of
corrupting, politicians saw witch hunts as an
answer to both their problems
d. Religious split and warfare threatened the
security of society and the witches were
the scapegoats of a social panic
e. The droughts causing famine, especially in
Ireland, led to the death of many, and since
the witches claimed to control the weather
they were to blame
61. Which of the following groups was not a
common target of the witch hunts?
a. Widows
b. Midwives
c. Poor women
d. Female orphans
e. Noble women
62.The witch hunts ended because, among other
things
a. The power of words seemed greater than
Gutenberg
b. They threatened social order
c. Witchcraft had been stamped out
d. No judges were left
e. Protestants were more preoccupied with
the devil
63.According to the excerpt “Why More Women
that Men are Witches”, which of the following is
NOT true?
a. Women are spiritually pure, and thus a
tempting target for the devil
b. Women are more likely to seek revenge and
retribution than men
c. Women are more credulous and able to be
corrupted by the devil
d. Women have a slippery tongues and are
unable to conceal the evil arts they know
e. Women are more “carnal” that men since
they were made from a bent rib
64. In the 16th century, midwivery was a trade often
pursued by
a. Noble women
b. Elderly or widowed women
c. Merchant’s wives
d. Male doctors
e. Male barber
65. Baroque art first emerged in
a. Florence, Italy
b. Amsterdam, Holland
c. Buckingham Palace, London, England
d. Papal Rome
e. Paris, France
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AP CHAPTER 14 TESTBANK KEY
66. Charles I’s employment of Rubens illustrated to
the people of England that
a. He had Roman Catholic sympathies
b. The natural depiction on Rubens’ art
opposed a monarchial government
c. Baroque art demonstrated religious truths
d. He was aware of the latest fashions
e. Galileo was incorrect and should be
condemned
67. The most elaborate baroque monument to
political absolutism was
a. Charles I’s palace in London
b. Franz Joseph’s palace in Vienna
c. Louis XIV’s palace at Versailles
d. Pope Urban VIII’s tabernacle in Rome
e. George I’s palace in London
68. By the late 17th century, witch craft trials and
executions had declined in Western Europe in part
because of
a. popular uprisings and peasants resistance against
persecution
b. growing feminist protest against persecution
c. official church rejection of the concept of witches
d. increased number of women practicing
midwifery
e. decreased number of women practicing midwifery
69. During the great witch craft persecutions of the
16th and 17th centuries, those most often tried as
witches were
a. young girls
b. young boys
c. older women
d. members of the clergy
e. members of the aristocracy
70. The majority of victims of the European witch
craze were
a. Protestants
b. children
c. women
d. Catholics
e. men
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