BUTERE EAST ZONE EVALUATION TEST
AGRICULTURE 443/1
MARKING SCHEME
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Factors determining depth of planting.
- Size of the seed
- Type of germination
- Moisture availability
- Type of soil
4x½
Four benefits of soil structure in crop production.
- Hold more moisture for crop production.
- Well drained/have better infiltration.
- Allow better root and tuber expansion.
- Allow better root penetration for nutrients and moisture uptake.
- Allow plant anchorage
4x½
Factors considered in siting a nursery bed.
- Security
-Drainage
- fertility of the soil
- Topography
(4 x ½ = 2 mks)
Advantages of shifting cultivation.
- Lower capital investment.
- No disease and pest build up.
- Maintains soil structure.
- No land disputes as land is not individualized.
Factors influencing soil formation.
- Topography
- Time
- Climate factors
- Biotic factors
- Parent rock material
- Drainage is a method of removing excess water from a marshy water logged land.
- Drainage the practice of lowering water table from a marshy water logged land. (1 x 1 = 1 mk)
Tertiary operations
- Ridging
- Levelling
- Rolling
Check spellings
(3 x ½ - 1 ½ mk)
8.
Forms in which soil water exists.
-Hygroscopic water
- Superfluous water
- Capillary water
9.
In farming under what condition opportunity.
- When there are no alternatives
10.
Deficiency symptoms of sulphur.
- Stunted growth
- Drying back of plant tips
- Blossom end rot in tomatoes
11. (a) Bananas – suckers
(b) Pineapples – crowns /slips/suckers
(c) Sisal – bulbs
12.
Why ridging is done in potatoes production.
-Facilitate tuber expansion.
- Conserve moisture around the crop.
- Control soil erosion.
- For easier harvesting.
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(3 x ½ = 1 ½ mks)
(1 x 1 = 1mk)
(3 x ½ = 1 ½ mks)
( ½ mk)
(½ mk)
(½ mk)
(4 x ½ = 2 mk)
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13.
Reasons for pruning
- Allow enough light penetration
- Improve quality produce
- Reduce pests and diseases
- Enable effective use of chemical sprays
- Train the crop to have the required shape
(4 x ½ = 2 mks)
14.
Organic farming is the growing of crops and raising of livestock without the use of agro chemicals.
(1 x 1)
15.
(i) Pricking out – Enable seedling to grow vigorously and health/ to avoid overcrowding in the
primary nursery
(ii) Hardening off – to enable seedlings get used to actual field condition. (2 x 1 = 2 mks)
16.
Problems of hard pan
- Poor aeration
- Prevent root penetration
- Leads to accumulation of salts
- Hinders activation of soil organisms
- Poor water infiltration/water logging
(4 x ½ = 2 mks)
17.
- Introduce nitrogen fixing bacterial to fix nitrogen for the plant.
- To promote nitrogen fixation prior to planting.
(2 x ½ = 1 mk
18.
Importance of Afforestation
- Control soil erosion
- Improves drainage of swampy area
- Creating of suitable micro-climate
- Adds organic matter through leaf fall which decompose adding nutrients. (4 x ½ = 2 mks)
19.
Types of inventory record.
-Consumable goods inventory
- Permanent goods inventory.
(2 x ½ = 1 mk)
SECTION B
20. (A) Thorn appl (Datura stramonium)
(1 mk)
(B) – Compete with crops for nutrients and space and poisonous to livestock. (2x1= 2mks)
(C) – Leaf angle of inclination
- Nature of rooting system
- Location of growing points
(2x1= 2mks)
- Presence or absence of underground/rooting structure
- Crop differential height
(4 x ½ = 2 mks)
21.
20 kg N is contained in 100 kg CAN
x kg = 150 kg CAN
x = 150 kg CAN x 20 kg
( ½ mk)
100 kg CAN
= 30 kg N/ha
( ½ mk)
22.
(a) – Broad based terrace
(1 x 1= 1 mk)
(b) – M – drain/channel
(1x1=1mk)
(c) – Costly to construct since heavy machines are used.
(1 x1 = 1mk)
23.
(a) – Roof catchment
(1 x 1 = 1mk)
(b) – Rainfall intensity
- Duration of rainfall
- Surface area of the roof
(2 x 1= 2 mks)
(c) – repair the leaking parts
- Regularly wash and remove the sediments
- Paint the iron sheet tank to control rusting.
(1 x 1 = 1 mk)
(d) - Ponds, Drums
(1 x 1 = 1mk)
(e) Procedure for soil sampling
- Clear the vegetation
- Make a vertical cut to 15 cm to 30 cm for crop land or 5 cm for pasture land.
- Take a slice from the vertical cut or use a soil anger to scoop out the soil.
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- Put the soil in a clearly labelled polythene bag.
- Repeat the above procedure in a different locations according to the method of sampling.
SECTION C: (40 MARKS)
24. a). Reasons for minimum tillage
- Reduce cost of ploughing.
- Control soil erosion.
- Maintain soil structure.
- Prevent disturbance of roots.
- Prevent exposure of humus to adverse conditions.
- Conserve soil structure.
(1 x 6 = 6 mks)
b). Importance of crop rotation
- Improve soil fertility.
- Control of soil erosion
- Improve soil structure
- Control of weeds
- Central of soil borne pests and diseases build up.
- Maximum utilization of nutrients.
(6 x 1 = 6 mks)
c). Benefits of primary cultivation
- Makes subsequent operations easier.
- Facilitates aeration and water infiltration in the soil.
- It controls weeds by burying or uprooting them.
- Enables penetration of crop roots.
- Controls pests and diseases by exposing them to the scorching sun or predators. (4 x 1 = 4 mks)
d). Importance of organic matter.
- Prevents nutrients leaching
- Reduces toxity of the soil.
- Improves soil fertility when they decompose and release nutrients
- Encourages microbial activities
- Improves water infiltration and retention capacity.
- Moderates/buffers soil P.H by preventing rapid chemical changes.
(4 x 1 = 4 mks)
25. (a) Cultural method of controlling pests.
- Observing field hygiene
- Destruction of alternate host
- Planting resistance varieties of crops
- Proper land preparation
- Timely planting
- Use of clean planting material
- Practicing closed season
- Crop rotation
- Pruning
- Proper spacing
Each point well explained = 1 mk
(10 x 1 = 10 mks)
(b) Biotic factors influencing agriculture.
(i) Pathogens – they cause diseases to livestock, crop causing death of both livestock and crops
- reduces quality and quantity of agricultural products.
(ii) Pollinators – They aid in pollination thus contributing to the development of new varieties of
crops.
(iii) Predator – Animals that prey on others, some help to control pests by feeding on them.
(iv) Nitrogen fixing bacteria – help in fixation of nitrogen in the soil.
(5 x 2 = 10 mks)
26. (a) (i) Planting
- Make continuous drills 30 – 40 cm apart.
- Apply DSP in the drills at the rate of 90 kg/ha.
- Mix the fertilizer well with the soil.
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- Place the seeds in the drill at the rate of 5 – 6 kg/ha
- Cover the seeds lightly, then carry out rolling.
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
(ii) Field Management
- Thin two weeks after germination to attain a distance of 5 cm – 8 cm.
- Keep the field free of weeds
- Earth up during weeding
- Top dress with CAN at 60 kg/ha
- Carry out irrigation during dry conditions.
- Control pests and diseases using appropriate chemicals.
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
(b) Problems associated with land fragmentation.
- Supervision of rains units of land is a difficult.
- Time wasted in traveling to various units of land.
- Difficult for a farmer to follow a sound farm plan.
- Difficult to control weeds, pests and diseases effectively.
- Hard to obtain or administer agricultural services.
- Difficult to implement soil conservation measures.
- Difficult to mechanism, (not economical to farmers)
- Difficult to construct permanent structures.
- There is wastage of money travelling to various units.
- Under this conditions agricultural productivity remains poor resulting in low living standards of
living.
- Difficult to control parasites and diseases in livestock as animal move from one field to the other
(10 x 1 = 10 mks)
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