Earth Science Final Review Test 2015
Please study the notes, session sheets and information provided from:
Layers of the Atmosphere
Earths Atmosphere
Earths History and Hydrological Cycle
Volcano Session Sheet
Long and Short Term Climate Changes
Formation of the Universe Test
Vocabulary:
bedrock,
carbon cycle,
continent,
detect,
, earthquake, evidence,
geology,
geosphere,
geyser,
lava, lithosphere,
magma,
, pressure,
volcanic dome,
volcano
atmosphere, hydrosphere, precipitation,dewpoint, airpressure, wind, watercycle,
precipitation, energy, humidity, current,evaporation, watervapor, solid, liquid, gas, melt,
freeze, condensation, conduction, convection,
How does the steady state theory differ from the big bang theory?
What were the theories of the evolutions and how were they formed as stated in Engage from Discovery
Education?
What were the three evidences of the big bang theory? What were the three limitations of the Big Bang
Theory?
 The Big Bang Theory was first proposed in the late 1920’s.
 It states that there was an infinitely small, infinitely dense point that contained everything that
is the universe.
 This singularity was incredibly dense and hot.
 The Big Bang is believed to have occurred between 10 and 15 billion years ago. (Most scientists
agree that the universe is 13.7 billion years old.)
 Two elements, hydrogen and helium were created in the primordial fireball, along with small
amounts of lithium and beryllium.
George Henri Lemaitre: Late 1920’s
 Belgian Astronomer and Jesuit Priest
 Known as the “Father of the Big Bang”
Edwin Hubble:
 1929
 Studied light given off by galaxies.
 Noticed that light from most galaxies was shifted to the red end of the electromagnetic
spectrum.
 Proposed Hubble’s Law after studying these galaxies.
Hubble’s Law:
 The rate at which a galaxy is moving is directly proportional to its distance from us.
 In other words, the farther away a galaxy is from us, the faster it travels away from us.
 Thus the universe is expanding.
fault,
Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation:
 Long-wavelength radiation that fills all space.
 Can be detected using special antenna. (1% of this can be detected in the static on your TV set.)
 George Gamow (1940’s) predicted there should be “echoes” of the Big Bang “explosion.”
COBE:
 Cosmic Background Explorer (1989)
 Probe that looked 15 billion light years into space to detect tiny temperature changes.
 These temperature changes were evidence of the heat left over from the Big Bang.
WMAP:
 In June 2001, Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) captured the “glow” of the Big
Bang by detecting temperature changes just like COBE.
 WMAP was much more precise.
_____________ First suggested that the universe formed from a singularity but had no evidence.
_____________ a large depression created from the collapse of a volcano
Paricutin, Mexico is an example of a ______________ volcano
• ____ _____volcano: usually form at hot spots, from non explosive eruptions
• _________ volcano: form from explosive eruptions, very steep.
• _________ volcano: form from both explosive and non explosive eruptions.
Where do volcanic eruptions most often occur? ___________________________
List for me 4 positives of volcanos:
List for me 3 negatives of volcanos:
_________ is caused by a hot spot: A location above an upwelling of magma from the mantle.
___________ A volcano capable of producing a super volcanic eruption with ejecta greater
than 1000 cubic kilometers.
The volcanic rock ejected during an eruption, including ash, bombs, and blocks is
known as __________
Molten material beneath or within the earth's crust, from which igneous rock is formed is
____________
Lava that has high silica and flows slowly is _____.
A narrow opening produced by cleavage or separation of parts is a ______.
Lava that is very hot, low silica and low viscosity is called ____.
Any area or place of known danger, intrigue, dissension, or instability is known as a
________.
The molten, fluid rock that issues from a volcano or volcanic vent is called
____________?
 What causes a volcanic eruption?
 What is the difference between magma and lava?
 What controls the type of volcanic eruption that will occur?
 What is a volcano and what is its internal structure?
 What are the three main types of volcanoes?
 How is volcano type related to lava viscosity?
Be able to identify the description of the volcano type. I will provide a type of volcano word
bank and ask you to match it to multiple descriptions of it.
a.Shield
B. cinder cone
C. composite/strato volcano
d. lava dome
• Know the different types of lava
How do volcanoes work?
How do volcanoes work?
Please fill in accordingly:
 The gasses that make up our atmosphere are:
 The last section of the questions above is divided in multiple gasses. Please provide me
with four of those gasses:

Weather: The state of the atmosphere at a given time and place, with respect to
variables such as…
     ______________:The average weather of a particular part of the world at
different times of the year.
 List for me four different seasons/climates that can be felt/seen on Earth:
 Antarctica only experiences two seasons. What are they?
 List for me the layers of the atmosphere starting from the lowest level upwards:
 ____________:The layer of gases surrounding Earth; composed mainly of
nitrogen and oxygen.
 Tell me 4 reasons why the atmosphere is important to us:
 Why is the sky blue? Give me gas details and facts:
 Air Pollution can be:
 True or False questions based on atmosphere and notes
 List for me four sources of natural pollution:
 Please describe a few types of air pollution, and their sources.
 The ___________________ is the continuous movement of water on,
above, and below the surface of the earth.
 ____________: Substance changes from a liquid state to gas state
(requires energy).
 _____________: Water released by plants into air
 ________________: Water vapor (gas) turns back to a liquid. (Energy
needs to be removed)
 ______________: The slow movement of water through the soil. Cleans
and purifies.
 ________________: Water that is so heavy it falls as liquid / solid
 _______________: A visible body of very fine water droplets or ice
particles suspended in the atmosphere at different altitudes.
 The three main types of clouds:
____________,___________________,____________
 ___________________ Middle
elevation, white, puffy, and represents
pleasant weather.
 ____________________:Low
elevation, gray, precipitation.
 ________________ A wispy
white cloud (usually of fine ice crystals) at a
high altitude.
 ________________: The water
flow which occurs when soil is full to capacity
and excess water travels over the land.
 ________________: Water that
has been underground seeps back into the
oceans, or into rivers or lakes.
 ____________________: Very
tall, anvil shaped Massive thunderstorms.
Label the cloud type:


Explain to me in great detail the path of water through the water cycle on Earth. I would love a drawing
as a visual.
Layered
middle
high altitude
 Cirro
- ______________________
 Alto
- ______________________
 Nimbo - ______________________
 Strato
- _________________________
Water can be stored in…(Tell me 5 places)
Can you die from the cold in a desert? Why?
low
happy