Year 8 OUTCOMES – Living World
Textbooks – Pearsons Science 7 and 8
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MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS: HUMANS Reference: PS8 p 62
Define the terms “multicellular” and “unicellular”
Identify examples of unicellular (e.g. bacteria, protozoa) and multicellular organisms
Identify the stages of organisation from simple to complex i.e. atoms- molecules-organelles-cells-tissuesorgans-systems-organisms
A. The Digestive System Reference: PS8 p 85 - 89
 Explain the need for systems in the human body
 Describe the role of the digestive system in humans to break down large, insoluble food into small, molecules
that can be absorbed into cells
 Identify that digestion provides sugar for respiration
 Identify parts of the digestive system: teeth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus, liver,
pancreas, gall bladder
 Describe chemical (from enzymes in saliva) & physical digestion (from teeth) in mouth
 Describe the role of villi in increasing surface area for absorption in the small intestine
Nutrition
 Identify nutrients as proteins, carbohydrates, fats/oils, vitamins and minerals, and the role of each in the body
 Interpret a healthy eating pyramid
 Identify the importance of vitamins & minerals in small quantities for the healthy functioning of cells
 Identify that energy is lost in the form of heat from all bodily chemical reactions in the use of food
 Identify that heat loss can be measured using water & thermometer.
B. The Circulatory system Reference: PS8 p 104-109
 Identify the circulatory system as providing all body cells with oxygen and sugar for respiration and removing
wastes.
 Describe the role of the heart in pumping blood around the body.
 Identify blood as the medium in which solutes travel and the role of white blood cells in fighting disease
 Describe the main types of blood vessels and differences in structure and function between them.
C.The Respiratory system Reference: PS8 p94-98
 Describe the role of the respiratory system in gas exchange
 Identify parts of respiratory system: the trachea, lungs, ribs, diaphragm, bronchus, bronchiole, alveoli, intercostal
muscles
 Describe the features of the alveoli that favour gas exchange – large surface area, good blood supply, moist
D. The Excretory system Reference: PS8 p 115-119
 Identify that carbon dioxide and urea can poison cells
 Identify that the lungs remove carbon dioxide from the body and the kidneys remove urea from the blood.
 Identify that urea is lost in urine
E. The skeletal / muscular system Reference: PS8 p 123-127
 Identify the main roles of the human skeletal/muscular system – protection, support, movement
 Identify the role of cartilage, ligaments and tendons
F. The Reproductive System Reference – p156-167 PS8
 Identify the role of the reproductive system in humans to produce offspring
 Identify that the levels of female hormones change in a cycle over a month and that this is called the menstrual
cycle
 Identify separate components of the reproductive system of human males and females and describe the
function of each part
 List the changes in males and females during puberty
 Identify the role of the placenta
 Identify stages of development from blastocyst, embryo, foetus to baby
Year 8 OUTCOMES – Living World
Textbooks – Pearsons Science 7 and 8
G. Technology Reference eg PS8 p74-75/110/119
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Describe how changes in scientific knowledge have contributed to finding a solution to a named human health
issue
Give reasons why society should support scientific research
Discuss why different groups in society may have different opinions about scientific research and developments
e.g. organ transplants
2. MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS: PLANTS Reference: Pearson Science 8 p148/72-73
A. The Flower and reproduction
 Identify the main parts of a flower and describe their functions
 Distinguish between pollination and fertilization
B. Seeds – Dispersal, Germination and Growth
 Describe methods of seed dispersal
 Recall the requirements for germination
C. Roots and Stems – Plant Transport
 Identify the major roles of roots and stems in transporting materials and support
 Identify the role of xylem and phloem in flowering plants
 Describe how water moves through a plant i.e. transpiration stream
D. The Leaf – Respiration and Photosynthesis
 Describe the role of leaves in photosynthesis and transpiration
 Describe the role of respiration in plants and animals
 Construct a word equation for respiration
Glucose + Oxygen - Carbon dioxide + water
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Identify that heat produced is a by-product of respiration
Construct a word equation for photosynthesis
carbon dioxide + water
glucose + oxygen
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Identify that light energy is necessary for photosynthesis and that light originates from the Sun as solar energy.
Identify the role of chlorophyll in leaves
Recognise that mitochondria & chloroplasts are responsible for the processes of respiration & photosynthesis
respectively.
Impacts on Ecosystems Reference Pearson Science 7 p198-206
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Define a sustainable ecosystem as one that is diverse and able to provide the needs of the organisms over a long
period of time.
Describe some solutions to manage the impacts of natural events on ecosystems
Industry and Sustainability Reference Pearson Science 7 p210-216
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Describe how scientific understanding has led to the development of new techniques e.g. in agriculture e.g. salt
tolerant wheat and plant cloning