Supplementary Material
Table 1. Stable carbon and oxygen isotope data.
calcite
δ13C
‰ V-PDB
-2.76
δ18O
‰ V-PDB
-3.77
calcite
-2.63
-3.17
calcite
-7.50
-6.80
host sediment (bioclastic packstone)
calcite
-5.42
-4.28
Dörlbach Ludwigskanal, bed 8 (Monotis Bed)
host sediment (bioclastic packstone)
calcite
1.23
-2.49
Lud 8-2
Dörlbach Ludwigskanal, bed 8 (Monotis Bed)
spar cement within Dactylioceras
calcite
-5.26
-7.70
Mi 1
Mistelgau, bed 7 (Höckerbank)
micrite injection, white-grey
calcite
0.74
-0.50
Mi 2
Mistelgau, bed 7 (Höckerbank)
micrite injection, grey
calcite
1.13
-0.68
Mi 3
Mistelgau, bed 7 (Höckerbank)
host sediment (micritic)
calcite
0.08
-2.08
Mi 4
Mistelgau, bed 7 (Höckerbank)
host sediment (micritic)
calcite
-1.03
-3.40
Mi 5
Mistelgau, bed 7 (Höckerbank)
micrite injection, grey
calcite
-0.83
-2.54
Mi 6
Mistelgau, bed 7 (Höckerbank)
micrite injection, white-grey
calcite
0.35
-2.56
Mi 7
Mistelgau, bed 7 (Höckerbank)
host sediment (micritic)
calcite
-5.48
-4.88
Sample
Location and bed
Description
Mineralogy
Lud 3-1
Dörlbach Ludwigskanal, bed 3 (Laibstein II)
micrite injection, grey
Lud 3-2
Dörlbach Ludwigskanal, bed 3 (Laibstein II)
micrite injection, grey
Lud 3-3
Dörlbach Ludwigskanal, bed 3 (Laibstein II)
host sediment (bioclastic pellet packstone)
Lud 6
Dörlbach Ludwigskanal, bed 6 (Dactylioceras Bed)
Lud 8-1
Table 2. Lithologic description of the section Mistelgau (6034 Mistelgau, R: 44 61 700, H 55 30
080).
Formation
Posidonienschiefer (3.1 m total thickness)
Jurensismergel
Amaltheenton
Bed No.
Thickness
Lithology
H
>10 cm
Grey shaly marls with scattered phosphorite nodules; Phylseogrammoceras dispansum.
14
5 cm
Dark-grey, weakly bituminous shaly marl transected by Chondrites; Grammoceras thouarsense; at the top
layer of corroded phosphorite nodules, belemnites, Grammoceras and Lytoceras phosphoritic fragments
and locally thin stromatolitic crusts;
13
5 cm
Belemnite Battlefield: grey, argillaceous limestone composed of Propeamussium shell fragments, crowded
with belemnite rostra; scattered phosphorite nodules and ichthyosaur vertebrae;
12
65-70 cm
Dark-grey, laminated, weakly bituminous marl; uppermost 20 cm and lowermost 5 cm rich in belemnites;
uppermost 5 cm with Chondrites and spreiten burrows, Catacoeloceras sp., ?Haugia sp.;
11
25-30 cm
Monotis-Dactylioceras-Bed: dark-grey, weakly bituminous limestone composed of Meleagrinella
fragments, pellets and scattered fish debris (matrix-poor bioclastic packstone); lower bedding plane with
fish debris and abundant belemnites; lower 15-20 cm with spar-cemented Dactylioceras and scattered
Meleagrinella valves; uppermost 10 cm with abundant Meleagrinella valves
10
8 cm
Dark-grey, laminated bituminous marl
9
3-5 cm
Dark-grey, laminated bituminous marl limestone
8
3-8 cm
Dark-grey, laminated bituminous marl
7
15-20 cm
Dark-grey, laminated bituminous marl limestone, transected by micrite injections ("Höckerbank")
6
20 cm
Dark-grey, laminated bituminous marl
5
8 cm
Dark-grey, laminated bituminous marl limestone, locally with micrite injections
4
130 cm
Dark-grey, laminated bituminous marl
3
0-20 cm
Dark-grey, laminated bituminous limestone concretions up to 50 cm width (Laibstein I), with Lytoceras
ceratophagum and Hildaites murleyi;
2
20 cm
Dark-grey, laminated bituminous marl
1
5 cm
Grey, carbonate and pyrite-cemented conglomerate composed of reworked siderite concretions with
Pleuroceras spinatum; Bollernkalk
L
> 50 cm
Bluish-grey shaly claystone with scattered siderite nodules and Pleuroceras spinatum.
Table 3. Lithologic description of the section Altdorf-Hirschbühler Bach (6634 Altdorf b.
Nürnberg, R 44 55 100, H 54 72 050).
Formation
Bed No.
Thickness
Lithology
4
5 cm
solifluctation-affected calcareous marl fragments with phosphorite nodules and abundant belemnites
3
180 cm
Dark-grey, yellow-brownish weathered laminated, weakly bituminous marl; Pseudomytiloides dubius,
Propeamussium and belemnites common; lowermost 5 cm with abundant compressed ammonoids
(Hildoceras semipolitum, Pseudolioceras lythense), 60 and 100 cm above basis Pseudolioceras cf.
compactile; Phylloceras heterophyllum 155 cm above basis; upper parts with pyritic Catacoeloceras
raquinianum and Lytoceras sublineatum, and compressed Hildoceras sp.; Pyrite nodules at 160 cm above
basis
2
25 cm
Monotis-Dactylioceras-Bed: dark-grey, weakly bituminous limestone composed of Meleagrinella
fragments, pellets and scattered fish debris (matrix-poor bioclastic packstone); lower bedding plane with
fish debris; middle 10 cm with spar-cemented Dactylioceras athleticum and scattered Meleagrinella valves;
uppermost 10 cm with abundant Meleagrinella valves; top plane with abundant belemnites
1
8 cm
Grey, yellow-brownish weathered laminated calcareous marl; basal 2 cm with cm-sized reworked and
bored siderite nodules and scarce iron ooids; 2-3 cm above basis shell-rich calcareous layer with abundant
ammonites (Lytoceras sp., Dactylioceras sp.), fish debris and an ichthysaur vertebra; top 5 cm laminated
with shell fragments and scattered fish debris
L
> 50 cm
Bluish-grey shaly claystone with scattered siderite nodules
(2.2 m total thickness)
Posidonienschiefer
Soil
Amaltheenton
Table 4. Lithologic description of the section Altdorf-Weidentalstraße (6634 Altdorf b. Nürnberg,
R 44 53 655, H 54 71 600).
Formation
Bed No.
Thickness
Lithology
4
28-31 cm
Dactylioceras Bed: dark-grey, brownish weathered, weakly bituminous limestone composed of
Meleagrinella fragments, pellets and scattered fish debris (matrix-poor bioclastic packstone); swaley crossstratification visible at weathered joint planes; micrite-filled and spar-cemented Dactylioceras athleticum
abundant in middle and top parts of the bed; complete Meleagrinella valves in top parts of the bed; one
large Phylloceras sp. (30 cm diameter), one Pseudolioceras sp. (2 cm diameter)
3
10 cm
Grey, yellow-brownish weathered, laminated bituminous calcareous marl with abundant shell fragments
and scattered fish scales;
2
3-5 cm
Grey, yellow-brownish weathered laminated argillaceous limestone composed of shell fragments and fish
scales ("Schillbank"); lower bedding plane with compressed Dactylioceras sp., Hildaites murleyi,
Pleurotomaria sp., Nicaniella sp.; middle layer with abundant belemnites, bone fragments and ichthyosaur
vertebrae; upper bedding plane with a Harpoceras falciferum (20 cm diameter)
1
5-8 cm
Grey, yellow-brownish weathered laminated calcareous marl with abundant shell fragments and scattered
fish scales; one compressed harpoceratid ammonoid (?Cleviceras sp.)
L
> 20 cm
Bluish-grey shaly claystone with scattered siderite nodules
(>0.5 m total thickness)
Posidonienschiefer
Soil
Amaltheenton
Table 5. Tip orientation of belemnite rostra, top of Dactylioceras Bed, section AltdorfWeidentalstraße (6634 Altdorf b. Nürnberg, R 44 53 655, H 54 71 600).
length of rostrum
[cm]
tip orientation
[°]
length of rostrum
[cm]
tip orientation
[°]
4.2
4.0
5.5
3.0
5.5
4.5
3.0
7.0
6.5
3.3
2.0
6.0
7.5
5.5
3.0
3.5
3.5
3.8
5.0
3.5
5.2
4.5
4.0
5.0
4.0
2.8
6.5
3.3
3.5
5.2
2.5
4.5
5.1
5.0
5.5
5.5
5.5
4.0
8.5
6.0
6.0
2.5
4.8
5.8
6.1
4.7
4.5
6.0
9.5
12.0
9.0
3
20
205
205
190
74
69
258
104
178
128
111
109
187
112
116
211
37
164
40
41
102
178
0
38
243
240
302
184
235
170
222
200
22
102
197
168
134
349
232
161
128
19
200
184
132
159
224
224
233
79
7.5
5.3
8.8
3.5
3.6
5.9
5.3
4.0
6.2
3.0
4.0
4.0
7.0
5.6
7.0
6.4
4.5
4.3
4.8
4.7
2.0
5.2
5.3
5.5
4.9
6.3
7.0
5.0
6.0
5.7
5.0
3.7
10.5
4.6
5.5
5.8
6.8
4.3
4.3
5.5
6.8
5.5
8.5
7.0
4.8
5.3
9.5
5.4
5.0
155
232
163
49
30
48
76
5
186
165
268
199
198
42
100
234
178
264
162
130
153
224
219
270
192
88
258
49
114
158
141
332
18
141
194
191
144
166
302
110
310
42
38
55
28
134
205
20
120
Table 6. Tip orientation of belemnite rostra, top of Belemnite Battlefield, section Mistelgau (6034
Mistelgau, R: 44 61 700, H 55 30 080).
length of rostrum
[cm]
tip orientation
[°]
length of rostrum
[cm]
tip orientation
[°]
5.7
6.5
4.0
8.5
4.0
3.5
4.4
7.0
3.8
4.0
3.3
2.5
6.5
8.3
3.8
2.5
5.5
7.0
3.1
3.0
7.5
7.8
5.2
5.5
8.8
7.5
3.4
5.1
3.0
3.0
5.3
6.5
6.1
4.8
7.2
7.4
9.8
6.9
3.3
4.6
8.7
6.6
12.2
4.1
3.3
7.0
6.1
8.0
4.6
3.1
4.9
5.5
8.5
6.5
4.5
3.4
280
170
265
310
185
310
330
190
220
228
222
195
205
66
43
115
255
50
250
75
125
355
210
178
255
265
220
266
180
292
60
222
70
224
188
220
216
8
15
180
228
245
359
44
350
172
280
28
205
135
255
228
240
70
30
72
4.0
7.8
7.9
10.5
4.1
4.5
5.5
4.8
5.5
3.8
3.6
5.6
6.8
4.4
4.2
4.8
4.2
5.3
9.8
7.2
5.0
7.5
6.8
4.2
4.6
2.5
6.0
3.5
7.2
6.4
5.4
5.3
4.1
5.1
5.8
4.4
7.2
3.2
7.0
3.6
4.3
4.1
2.5
5.6
4.1
5.2
4.0
5.0
7.2
4.8
5.0
8.1
4.2
5.5
8.0
218
256
244
50
240
225
88
242
72
184
186
6
240
180
145
276
106
72
108
22
26
250
170
342
115
290
314
115
350
176
305
120
350
198
305
102
22
322
110
140
300
300
310
270
222
230
230
95
102
330
233
220
250
155
260