Name: ______________________________________________
Date: ________________________
DNA & Protein Synthesis Test Review- Regents
AIMS:
24 What is the structure and function of DNA?
25 How and why does DNA replicate?
26 What are the differences between DNA and RNA?
How is information stored in DNA used to produce proteins in a
27 cell?
28 What are mutations and how do they affect protein synthesis?
DNA Structure
1. Label the following parts on the diagram of DNA below: phosphate, nitrogen base, deoxyribose,
Hydrogen bond, covalent bond, sugar-phosphate backbone. Circle a single nucleotide in the
diagram.
2. What are the three parts that make up a nucleotide?
DNA Replication
1. During replication, DNA makes a copy of itself. Describe the two strands that result from
replication.
2. Using the template strand below, write the bases that would be produced during replication.
Be sure to include the labels for the 3’ and 5’ end:
3’ - A A T C G T G C G T A G C T G – 5’
________________________________________________________
7. What is a point mutation? What is a frameshift mutation?
8. Identify the type of mutation occurring in the situations below:
Original DNA: C G T A A T C G A
Mutated DNA: C G T A A A T C G
Original DNA: A C T A G G T A C
Mutated DNA: A C A A G G T A C
Original DNA: C C G T T A G C T
Mutated DNA: C C G T A G C T A
RNA & Transcription
1. Complete the chart below that summarizes the differences between DNA and RNA.
RNA
DNA
Where they can be found?
# of Strands
Nitrogen bases
Type of sugar
2. Name the three types of RNA and write down their structure and function in the cell.
Type of RNA
Structure
Function
3. RNA synthesis is a process known as transcription. This happens in the ______________________ of
the cell and a(n) __________________________ molecule is produced from a DNA template. During this
process the DNA unwinds, and then unzips, and the enzyme _________________________ binds the RNA
nucleotides to their complementary partners. This enzyme bonds to the DNA at a site called a
__________________________ region, which occurs due to proteins called
___________________________________________ directing the enzyme to the correct location. When RNA is
being made, A bonds with _______, T bonds with ________, and G always bonds with _________.
Protein Synthesis
1. After transcription occurs, a process called __________________________________ happens,
which is when amino acids are assembled into proteins at a ribosome in the ____________________
2. What is a three nucleotide sequence called in the following types of molecules:
DNA: ________________________________
mRNA: _______________________________
tRNA: _______________________________
4. Fill in the blanks about the process of translation. During translation the ____________ leaves the
_____________________ and travels to the cytoplasm where a ribosome binds to it. In the cytoplasm are
tRNA molecules that are carrying a particular _______________________________. A _________________________
on the mRNA matches up to its complementary ________________________________ on the tRNA, which is
carrying an amino acid with it. This amino acid attaches to others that have also been carried over
with a __________________________ bond. The whole process ends when a ________________ codon is
reached.
7. Use the picture to answer the questions that follow.
What is #1?
What is #2?
What is #3?
What is #5?
What will #4 turn into eventually?
Circle a codon. Put a box around an anti-codon. What is the relationship
between these?
8. Use the following strand of DNA to write its complementary mRNA strand and then use the
Genetic code to find the amino acids it codes for.
C
mRNA
tRNA
Amino
Acids
T
A
G
A
C
C
T
G
A
C
T
C
G
A
T
T
A
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
T
G
C