Chapter 9
Study Guide
Here is an overview of what you should know for the chapter 9 test:
Lesson 1: What is Heredity?
 Who is Gregor Mendel?
 What did Gregor Mendel study?
 What is the difference between purebred and hybrid organisms?
 What is the difference between dominant and recessive alleles?
 Complete Simple Punnett Squares (4 squares)-phenotype and genotype
 Complete Dihybrid Punnett Squares (16 squares) –phenotype and genotype
 How many alleles do you inherit from each parent?
 What are homozygous alleles? Heterozygous alleles?
 What is an organism’s genotype? Phenotype?
 Important Vocabulary:
o Heredity
o Trait
o Genetics
o Fertilization
o Purebred
o Gene
o Allele
o Dominant allele
o Recessive allele
o Hybrid
Lesson 2: Probability and Heredity
 How is probability related to inheritance?
 What is probability?
 Calculate ratios (and percentages) of phenotypes and genotypes for Simple Punnett
Squares and Dihybrid Punnett Squares
 Important Vocabulary:
o Probability
o Punnett Squares
o Phenotype
o Genotype
o Homozygous
o Heterozygous
Lesson 3: Patterns of Inheritance
 How are traits passed on in incomplete dominance? (Be able to do Punnett Squares
and predict phenotypes)
 How are traits passed on in codominance? (Be able to do Punnett Squares and
predict phenotypes)
 How are traits passed on when they are sex-linked traits? (Be able to do Punnett
Squares and predict phenotypes)
 What is it called when three or more alleles control a trait? What is an example of
this?
 What is it called when more than one gene controls a trait? What is an example of
this?
 What is the difference between inherited and acquired traits?
 What are 2 examples of inherited traits in animals?
 What are 2 examples of acquired traits in animals?
 How does the environment affect certain traits?
 Important Vocabulary:
o Incomplete dominance
o Codominance
o Multiple alleles
o Polygenetic inheritance
o Sex-linked traits
Lesson 4: Chromosomes and Inheritance
 What is a chromosome? How are genes inherited on chromosomes?
 What is mitosis?
 What is meiosis?
 How many cells are produced at the end of mitosis?
 How many cells are produced at the end of meiosis?
 Which process produces identical cells?
 Which process produces different cells?
 Which process involves two divisions?
 Which process produces haploid cells? Diploid cells?
 Which process is important in asexual reproduction? Sexual reproduction?
 Important Vocabulary:
o Meiosis
o Mitosis
o Prophase
o Metaphase
o Anaphase
o Telophase
o Interphase
o Diploid
o Haploid
Lesson 5: Mutations
 What is a mutation?
 What are the 4different types of mutations?
 Are mutations beneficial or harmful? Give examples of each and be able to identify
them
 What is cancer?
 What is a tumor and how can it affect a person’s health?
 How does cancer spread throughout the body?
 What is chemotherapy and how does it fight cancer?
 Important Vocabulary:
o Mutation
o Cancer
o
o
Tumor
Chemotherapy