Monday, March 25, 2013
Name: ____________________________________ Period: ____
Describe heredity as the passage of instructions from one generation
Competency
to another and recognize that heredity information is contained in
3d – DOK 2
genes, located in the chromosomes of each cell.
8th Grade –
I can explain heredity. I can define alleles and identify the genotype
Lesson 5.2
and phenotype of an organism.
Page
2
Unit 5 – Heredity and Genetics: Heredity
Quick Review
Use the electromagnetic spectrum below and your knowledge of waves to answer the
following questions.
1. Radio waves have lower frequency
than microwaves.
2. Visible light waves have shorter
wavelength than infrared light.
3. X-rays are more damaging to cells than
UV rays.
4. A certain laser produces infrared light
with a wavelength of 0.72 mm this
wavelength in meters = 0.0072 m or 7.2 x 10-3 m
𝐦
5. The speed of all electromagnetic waves = 3.0 x 108 𝐬
Key Points on Heredity:
1. Any characteristic of an organism, such as its shape or the way it functions is called a trait
a. The traits of organism are stored in its DNA
b. An organism gets its DNA and thus its traits from its parents. When traits are passed
from one generation to another, this is called heredity.
2. A section of DNA that determines a specific trait is a gene.
a. Since organisms have different traits, there must be different versions of genes.
These different versions of genes are called alleles.
i. For example, a rabbit species has a section of its DNA that controls fur color.
This is called a gene. There is one version of this DNA that gives white fur,
another gives brown fur, and one gives black fur. Thus there are three
different alleles, one for each white fur, brown fur, and black fur.
b. Alleles can be represented by letters of the alphabet.
i. The allele for brown fur could be represented by B and the black allele by b.
3. Organisms that reproduce sexually receive one allele for each gene from its mother and
another allele for each gene from its father.
a. All humans have two copies of each gene and thus humans are called diploid
organisms.
b. If an organism’s two alleles of a certain gene are known, this is called its genotype.
i. For example, if a baby rabbit received the brown allele from its mother and
the black allele from its father, this would be called its genotype.
ii. The genotype could also be represented with letters as Bb.
c. If the physical appearance of the organism is being described, this is called its
phenotype.
i. For example, if the baby rabbit described above has brown fur, this would be
the baby rabbit’s phenotype.
Monday, March 25, 2013
Competency
3d – DOK 2
8th Grade –
Lesson 5.2
Name: ____________________________________ Period: ____
Describe heredity as the passage of instructions from one generation to another
and recognize that heredity information is contained in genes, located in the
chromosomes of each cell.
I can explain heredity. I can define alleles and identify the genotype and
phenotype of an organism.
Page
2
Unit 5 – Heredity and Genetics: Heredity
Quick Review
Use the electromagnetic spectrum below and your knowledge of waves to answer the
following questions.
1. Radio waves have
frequency than microwaves.
2. Visible light waves have
wavelength than infrared light.
3. X-rays are
damaging to
cells than UV rays.
4. A certain laser produces infrared light
with a wavelength of 0.72 mm this
wavelength in meters =
5. The speed of all electromagnetic waves =
Key Points on Heredity:
1. Any characteristic of an organism, such as its shape or the way it functions is called a
a. The traits of organism are stored in its
b. An organism gets its DNA and thus its traits from its
. When traits are
from one generation to another, this is called
.
2. A section of DNA that determines a specific trait is a
.
a. Since organisms have different traits, there must be different versions of genes.
These different
of
are called
.
i. For example, a rabbit species has a section of its DNA that controls fur color.
This is called a
. There is one version of this DNA that gives white
fur, another gives brown fur, and one gives black fur. Thus there are three
different
, one for each white fur, brown fur, and black fur.
b. Alleles can be represented by
of the alphabet.
i. The allele for brown fur could be shown with
and the black allele by
.
3. Organisms that reproduce
receive one
for
from its
and another allele for each gene from its
.
a. All humans have
copies of each gene and thus humans are called
organisms.
b. If an organism’s two alleles of a certain gene are known, this is called its
.
i. For example, if a baby rabbit received the brown allele from its mother and
the black allele from its father, this would be called its
.
ii. The genotype could also be represented with letters as
.
c. If the physical appearance of the organism is being described, this is called its
.
i. For example, if the baby rabbit described above has brown fur, this would be
the baby rabbit’s
.
Monday, March 25, 2013
Name: ____________________________________ Period: ____
Heredity: Guided Practice
Phenotype
Genotype
Heredity: Independent Practice
Directions: Answer the following questions in complete sentences.
1. KP1: What is a trait?
2. Give at least five of the traits of a pit bull.
3. KP2: What is an allele?
4. The eyes of a certain species of cat can have similar color to humans and are controlled
by one gene. Describe the different alleles of this gene.
5. KP3a: A human is considered to be a diploid organism. What does this mean?
6. KP3: Where do the alleles described in #5 come from?
7. KP3b: What is an organism’s genotype?
8. KP3c: What is an organism’s phenotype?
Fill in the table below to describe these organisms’ genotypes and phenotypes.
Phenotype
Genotype