Eukaryotic Kingdoms
Kingdom Protista
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Heterotrophic or Autotrophic
Unicellular or Multicellular
Mostly aquatic
Mostly asexual
Motile or Nonmotile
The endosymbiosis theory explains how organisms developed organelles
Ex: Euglena, Amoeba, Paramecium, Algae, Slime Molds
Kingdom Fungi
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Heterotrophic
Unicellular or Multicellular
Mostly terrestrial
Asexual or sexual
Nonmotile
Important decomposers in the environment
Ex: Mushrooms, molds, yeasts
Kingdom Plantae
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Multicellular
Autotrophic
Mostly terrestrial
Asexual or Sexual
Nonmotile
Ex: Trees, mosses, ferns, flowering plants
Kingdom Animalia
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Multicellular
Heterotrophic
Terrestrial and Aquatic
Sexual (a few are asexual)
Motile (a few are nonmotile)
Classification Criteria of Animals
1. Types of Symmetry (Asymmetry, Radial, Bilateral)
2. Germ layers refer to the number of layers of tissues: endoderm, ectoderm and mesoderm.
3. Body Cavities Are Different
a. Acoelomates lack a body cavity or coelom; a coelom is a body cavity lined by mesoderm.
b. Pseudocoelomates possess a pseudocoelom; body cavity is incompletely lined by mesoderm.
c. Coelomates possess a coelom completely lined with mesoderm.
d. Coelomates are either protostomes or deuterostomes.
4. Protostomes have an embryonic development where the blastopore is associated with a mouth.
5. Deuterostomes have a blastopore associated with the anus; a second opening becomes the mouth.
6. Segmentation occurs in certain coelomate animals (e.g., annelids, arthropods, and chordates)
Simple Animals
Sponges - multicellular, lack tissues and symmetry, filter feeders
Cnidarians - multicellular, radial symmetry, jellyfish & hydra
Flatworms - planarian (free-living), tapeworms (parasitic)
Roundworms - psuedocoelom, no segmentation, many are parasitic
Protostomes
Deuterostomes
Mollusks
Echinoderms (starfish)
* The body of a mollusc typically contains a
visceral mass, a mantle, and a foot.
* Clams are adapted to a sedentary coastal life,
squids to an active life in the sea, and snails are
adapted to a life on land.
Echinoderms have radial symmetry and a unique
water vascular system for locomotion
Chordates
notochord, a dorsal tubular nerve cord, and
pharyngeal pouches.
*Lanceletes & Seas Squirts are nonvertebrate
Annelids
* Annelids are the segmented worms with a welldeveloped coelom, a closed circulatory system, a
ventral solid nerve cord, and paired nephridia in
each segment.
* Polychaetes include marine predators with a
definite head region, and filter feeders with
terminal tentacles to filter food from thewater.
* Oligochaetes include the earthworms that
burrow in the soil and use a moist body wall as a
respiratory organ.
chordates
Vertebrates
In vertebrates, the notochord is replaced by the
vertebral column. Most vertebrates also have a head
region, endoskeleton, and paired appendages.
Arthropods
* Arthropods are segmented with specialized body
regions and an exoskeleton that includes jointed
appendages.
* Among the many kinds of arthropods,
crustaceans are adapted to a life at sea, and
insects are adapted to a terrestrial existence.
1. Jawless Fishes (lamprey & hagfish)
2. Cartilage Fishes (sharks & rays)
3. Bony Fishes (salmon, goldfish, carp)
4. Amphibians
5. Reptiles
6. Birds
7. Mammals