EVOLUTION domains and all elements (usatestprep2012)
Adaptation
Biological
Evolution
Darwin's
Finches
Extinction
Analogous
Structures
Biological
Resistance
Diversity
Fossil
Homologous
Structures
Niche
Innate
Behavior
Phylogeny
Species
Stabilizing
Selection
Ancestor
Behavior
Biodiversity
Biogeography
Charles
Darwin
DNA
Sequencing
Fossil Record
Chemical
Resistance
DNA
Sequencing
Gene Pool
Cladogram
Comparative
Anatomy
Evolution
Lamarck, Jean
Baptiste
Point
Mutation
Survival Of
The Fittest
Learned
Behavior
Reproductive
Isolation
Theory
Embryology
Genetic
Variation
Mutation
Sexual
Reproduction
Geographic
Isolation
Natural
Selection
Speciation
Adaptation- This is an inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival.
Analogous Structures- These are structures which are similar in different organisms because they
evolved in a similar environment, yet do not have a common ancestor.
Ancestor- These are parents, parents of parents, etc.
Behavior- This is the actions of organisms in response to stimuli.
Biodiversity- Number and variety of living organisms; includes genetic, species, and ecological types.
Biogeography- This is the study of the past and present geological distributions of species, the habitats
they occupy, and their ecological relationships.
Biological Evolution -This is the process by which organisms acquire and pass on novel traits through
generations.
Biological Resistance -The natural ability of an organism to overcome, retard, suppress, prevent
infection, or avoid adverse abiotic factors. For example, some organisms natural immunity to certain
diseases.
Charles Darwin- This scientist is known for his work with natural selection, and he is known as the Father
of Evolution.
Chemical Resistance- This is a range of adaptations evolved by organisms which improve their survival
rate when subjected to potentially harmful or lethal chemicals.
Cladogram- This is a diagram which shows the evolutionary relationships among groups of organisms.
Comparative Anatomy- This is the study of similar and different structures in organisms.
Darwin's Finches- These are the 13 different species of birds that are related in the Galapagos islands.
Diversity- This is introducing a new or different quality to a group.
DNA Sequencing- This is the process of identifying the sequence of nucleotides along a segment of DNA.
DNA Sequencing- This is a biochemical process used for determining the order of the nucleotide bases,
adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine, in any DNA molecule. By comparing the DNA sequence of two
organisms, scientists can see if the organisms are related or not, as well as how closely they are related.
Embryology- This is the study of the early development of an organism, and it is quite often used to
show similarities and differences between different organisms in their early stages of development.
Evolution-- This is a change in the genetic makeup of a population or species over time.
Extinction- This is the ceasing of the existence of any particular species.
Fossi-l This is the mineralized remains of plants or animals.
Fossil Record- This is the chronicle of evolution over millions of years of geologic time engraved in the
order which fossils appear in rock strata.
Gene Pool- This is the total number of genes of every individual in an interbreeding population.
Genetic Variation- This is one result of gamete formation through meiosis and fertilization during sexual
reproduction that promotes biodiversity within a species.
Geographic Isolation- This can occur when part of a population of a species becomes separated from the
remainder, they may over time evolve different characteristics from the parent population.
Homologous Structures- These are physical features shared by organisms with common ancestry; they
may have the same structure, but different functions developmentally mature organisms.
Innate Behavior- This is an organism's response to a stimulus developed without being taught or
watching another organism.
Lamarck, Jean Baptiste- Theorized that evolution occurred through the use and disuse of physical
features- now proven to be a false concept.
Learned Behavior- This is an organism's response to a stimulus developed by being taught or watching
another organism.
Mutation- This is a random error/change in the DNA sequence. These may be inherited or occur in cells
during the lifetime of the organism.
Natural Selection -This is the process of organisms adapting to their environments over time.
Niche- This is the role of a species in an ecosystem, consisting of such things as what it eats, when it
eats, and where it lives.
Phylogeny- This is the evolutionary history of a species or group of related species.
Point Mutation- This is a genetic mutation caused by the replacement of a single base nucleotide with
another nucleotide. This term also includes insertions or deletions of a single base pair.
Reproductive Isolation -This is some barrier to reproduction among a species of organisms. It often
results in genetic change over time and the development of new species.
Sexual Reproduction -Process by which two cells from different parents unite to produce the first cell of
a new organism.
Speciation- This is the origin of a new species in evolution, there are many different methods by which
this can occur. Different species cannot reproduce successfully.
Species- These are groups of reproducing populations that are isolated from other groups.
Stabilizing Selection -In a population, a shift in the average population phenotype toward the mean and
away from the physical extremes. This process lowers phenotypic variety; the population is more
homogeneous.
Survival Of The Fittest -This phrase, found in Darwin's Origin of Species, suggests that species adapt and
change by natural selection and the changes aid in the survival of the organism.
Theory- This is a scientific conclusion based on much supporting evidence.