STUDENT NAME:
________________________________________
DO NOT OPEN THE EXAMINATION PAPER UNTIL YOU
ARE TOLD BY THE SUPERVISOR TO BEGIN
WESTERN SCHOOL DISTRICT
World Geography 3202
Common Mid-Year Examination
January 2011
Value: 100 marks
Time:
3 hours
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
1.)
Students must complete ALL items in ALL sections.
2.)
The examination has TWO Parts:
 Part I: Selected Response
50%
 Part II:
o Section A: Constructed Response
18%
o Section C: Case Study II
16%
o Section B: Case Study I
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Total
16%
100%
3.)
The Selected response items are to be answered on the machine-scorable
4.)
The Constructed response items are to be answered on the exam paper in the
answer sheets provided.
Do NOT use pen!
space provided.
REGULATIONS FOR CANDIDATES
Candidates are expected to be thoroughly familiar with all regulations pertaining to
their conduct during examinations.
Candidates should ensure that they understand and
comply with all requirements governing examinations
STUDENT CHECKLIST

Write your name on the top of this page.

Check this exam to see that there are no missing pages.

Ensure you answered all questions.
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Page 1 of 20
World Geography 3202 Mid-Year 2011
PART I
Instructions: Shade the letter of the correct answer on the machine scorable answer
sheet provided.
TOTAL VALUE: 50%
Instructions: Do ALL of the Questions in Part I
1. Which force and fault is illustrated in the diagram?
Force
Type of fault
(A)
compressional
normal
(B)
compressional
reverse
(C)
tensional
normal
(D)
tensional
reverse
2. Which is identified by X in the graphic below?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
anticline
normal fault
reverse fault
syncline
3. Which force is applied to create a normal fault?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
compressional
subduction
tensional
vertical
4. What causes a volcano to erupt?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
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ash and lava
heat and pressure
shape of the volcano
size of the volcano
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World Geography 3202 Mid-Year 2011
5. Which best characterizes a shield cone volcano?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
explosive eruptions with thick lava
periods of explosive and gentle eruptions
slow flowing lava with mild eruptions
steep sides with a large crater
6. Which letter best corresponds to the location of mountains on the Earth’s surface?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
A
B
C
D
7. Which region would most likely experience exfoliation?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
desert
equatorial
monsoon
tropical
8. Which process involves the reaction of metallic minerals in rocks to the oxygen in water?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
exfoliation
hydrolysis
oxidation
solution
9. Chemical weathering will be greatest in which environment?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
cold and dry
cold and wet
hot and dry
hot and wet
10. Which characteristics would best describe a youthful river?
Shape
Speed
Slope
(A)
u-shaped valley
fast
very steep
(B)
u-shaped valley
slow
less steep
(C)
v-shaped valley
fast
very steep
(D)
v-shaped valley
slow
less steep
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World Geography 3202 Mid-Year 2011
11. Which statement is true of water erosion processes in rivers?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Abrasion involves the dissolving of minerals in rocks.
Lateral erosion occurs mainly in rivers with steep slopes.
Meanders form as a result of vertical erosion in old age rivers.
Vertical erosion is the main direction of erosion in youthful rivers.
12. What is the life cycle stage of this river?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
early maturity
late maturity
old age
youth
13. Which statement best describes the location of deltas?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
end of a glacier
headland
mouth of a river
plate boundary
14. Which best describes a digitate delta?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
bow shaped depositional feature
fan shaped depositional feature
long finger like sediment formation
sediment feature resulting from sea tides
15. Which term best describes the statement below?
“a large boulder of rock differing in character from pre-existing rock on which it rest”
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
drumlin
erratic
esker
moraine
16. According to the glacial feature, which way did the glacier advance?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
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east to west
north to south
south to north
west to east
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World Geography 3202 Mid-Year 2011
17. Which are features of Alpine Glaciation?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
cirque, arête
drumlin, esker
erratic, moraine
fiord, esker
18. What is a long narrow arm of the sea with steep sides created in a valley carved by
glacial activity?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
arête
cirque
esker
fiord
19. What geographical feature is illustrated by X below?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
bay bar
bay beach
spit
stack
20. Which stage of coastal erosion occurred before the stage illustrated below?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
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arch
cave
spit
stack
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World Geography 3202 Mid-Year 2011
21. Which process created the coastal feature found at X?
X
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
deposition
longshore drift
meandering
wave refraction
22. Which concept is best illustrated below?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
coriolis effect
global warming
revolution
rotation
23. What is the effect of a cloudy sky on Earth?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
day and night temperatures are cooler
day and night temperatures are warmer
nights are cooler and days are warmer
nights are warmer and days are cooler
24. Which describes the characteristics of the solstices?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
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direct rays of sun over the poles
occur in June and December
occur in March and September
same length of day and night
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World Geography 3202 Mid-Year 2011
25. In the diagram below, what season is the southern hemisphere experiencing when Earth
is in the position indicated by X?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Fall
Spring
Summer
Winter
26. Why does the temperature differ as the seasons change?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
directness of the sun’s rays and length of days
longer days and the sun is closer to Earth
regular variation in the sun’s output and more direct sun’s rays
suns closeness to Earth and regular variation of the sun’s output
27. Which best represents the impact of global warming on the Greenhouse Effect?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
decreases precipitation
increases temperature
stabilizes precipitation
stabilizes temperature
28. Which refers to the most common wind direction at a given location?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
monsoon winds
prevailing winds
trade winds
westerly winds
29. Which breeze is illustrated in the diagram?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
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land
leeward
relief
sea
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World Geography 3202 Mid-Year 2011
30. How does the Coriolis Force deflect wind in each hemisphere?
Northern Hemisphere
Southern Hemisphere
(A)
left
left
(B)
left
right
(C)
right
left
(D)
right
right
31. Which letter best represents the rain shadow?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
W
X
Y
Z
32. What type of rainfall is associated with tropical wet regions?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
convectional
cyclonic
frontal
monsoon
33. What is the most common type of precipitation experienced at location X in the diagram
below?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
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convectional
cyclonic
frontal
orographic
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World Geography 3202 Mid-Year 2011
34. Which ocean currents are usually cold?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
flow
flow
flow
flow
away from the equator
towards the equator
towards the land
towards the poles
35. Which represents the largest temperature range?
High
Low
(A)
+18
-5
(B)
+25
+4
(C)
+32
+15
-1
-20
(D)
36. Which location would show the greatest annual temperature range?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
W
X
Y
Z
37. What refers to a sudden wet season experienced in Southeast Asia?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
easterlies
hurricanes
monsoons
westerlies
38. Which best defines elevation?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
change in height over a given distance
extensive, relatively flat upland area
height of a particular point of land above sea level
relief of a particular point of land above sea level
39. What happens as elevation increases?
(A)
(B)
(C)
Temperature
Decreases
Decreases
Increases
Precipitation
Decreases
Increases
Decreases
(D)
Increases
Increases
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World Geography 3202 Mid-Year 2011
40. Which point will receive the highest amount of precipitation in the diagram below?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
W
X
Y
Z
41. Which climate is illustrated in the climograph shown?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
semi-arid steppe
temperate cold winter
temperate mild winter
tundra
42. Which best characterizes a temperate mild winter climate?
Location
Temperature
Precipitation
(A)
mid latitude
varies with the season
varies throughout year
(B)
mid latitude
consistently high
high in winter
(C)
high latitude
varies with the season
low in winter
(D)
low latitude
consistently low
high throughout year
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World Geography 3202 Mid-Year 2011
43. Which describes the network of relationships among plants, animals, and the non-living
elements in an environment?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
ecosystem
food chain
food web
trophic level
44. Which best describes the illustration below?
Sun
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Plants
Rabbit
Owl
food chain
food web
ecosystem
decomposers
45. What best explains the relationship between energy and the number of organisms at the
top of a food pyramid?
Amount of Energy Available
Number of Organisms
(A)
decrease
decrease
(B)
decrease
increase
(C)
increase
decrease
(D)
increase
increase
46. Which ecosystem is identified by the following characteristics?
Climatic Conditions


Vegetation
Temperature variations extreme
(hot in daytime, cold at night)
Very little rainfall (less than 25
cm/year)
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)


Little to no vegetation
Plants tend to have thick skins or
extended root systems
arctic
desert
equatorial
temperate
47. Which pattern best describes the change in ecosystems from the equator to the
northern polar regions?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
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temperate foresttropical rain forestboreal foresttundra
tropical rain forestboreal foresttemperate foresttundra
tropical rain foresttemperate forestboreal foresttundra
tundratropical rain foresttemperate forestboreal forest
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World Geography 3202 Mid-Year 2011
48. Which world ecosystem is defined as having annual temperatures between 23 Celsius
and 27 Celsius and precipitation between 100 cm and 150 cm per year?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
desert
grassland
savanna
tropical rain forest
49. Which factor contributes most to increased soil fertility?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
capillary action
eluviations
humus accumulation
heavy leaching
50. What soil type would be made of 60% sand, 30% clay and 10% silt?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
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clay
sandy clay
sandy clay loam
silty clay loam
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World Geography 3202 Mid-Year 2011
PART II
Section A
TOTAL VALUE: 18%
Instructions: Do ALL of the Questions in Part II, Section A
Value
6%
51. Explain two processes that result in the straightening out of an irregular
coastline.
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Value
6% 52. Explain two reasons that support the statement below.
“It is possible for two locations at the same latitude to have different
climatic conditions.”
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Value
6%
53. Explain two ways how the introduction of a new primary consumer would likely
impact an ecosystem.
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World Geography 3202 Mid-Year 2011
PART II
Section B
TOTAL VALUE: 16%
Instructions: Do ALL of the Questions in Part II, Section B
Case Study 1: Two Earthquakes – Different Results
New Zealand
New Zealand lies at the southern end of the so-called
Pacific Ring of Fire, and above an area of the Earth’s
crust where the Pacific Plate converges with the IndoAustralian Plate. The country experiences more than
14,000 earthquakes a year, of which only around 20
have a magnitude in excess of 5.0. Only about 150 are
felt by residents and fewer than 10 a year do damage.
A 7.0 magnitude earthquake struck off New Zealand’s
South Island on September 4, 2010. The epicenter was
55 km north-west of Christchurch, at a depth of 12 km.
Despite the widespread damage caused by the
earthquake, no one was killed and only two serious
injuries were reported. The last fatal earthquake was in
1968, when a 7.1 magnitude tremor killed three people
on the South Island’s western coast.
About 100,000 of the 160,000 homes in the area sustained some damage. Older buildings
unable to withstand the shaking collapsed into rubble. Many chimneys tumbled and streets
were knee deep in floodwater from broken water mains and sewage pipes. Portable toilets
were provided and tanks of fresh water were placed around the city. Christchurch Mayor, Mr.
Parker said that it would take a long time to fully fix some core services such as water and
sewage. “Our first priority is just people.”
Roads were blocked, traffic lights were out and power, gas and water supplies disrupted. The
airport was closed after the earthquake as a precaution while inspectors checked the runways
and terminal buildings. Power companies struggled to restore electricity to as many people as
possible by nightfall on the day of the disaster.
John Key, New Zealand’s Prime Minister, said the central government planned to provide at
least 90% of the funds needed to rebuild the area’s water, sewage and road networks. The
Prime minister said that the earthquake would have a short term negative impact on economic
growth but that the loss would be more than made up by the increase in government spending
and support that takes place with the rebuilding program.
Haiti
Haiti is located near the boundary between two major
tectonic plates, the Caribbean and North American plates.
The magnitude 7.0 earthquake hit near Port Au Prince at
4:53 p.m. on January 12, 2010, and is believed to be the
strongest quake in Haiti in more than 200 years. The
epicenter of the quake was located 15 km from Port Au
Prince, the capital of Haiti and was quickly followed by
two strong aftershocks of 5.9 and 5.5 magnitude. The
earthquake was shallow, a fact that enhances its intensity
and makes it more localized to the region right along the
fault. A final count of those killed by the earthquake
reached 230,000.
Communication systems, air, land, and sea transport facilities, hospitals, and electrical networks
were damaged by the earthquake, which hampered
rescue and aid efforts; confusion over who was in charge, air traffic congestion, and problems
with prioritization of flights further complicated early relief work. Port-au-Prince's morgues were
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World Geography 3202 Mid-Year 2011
quickly overwhelmed with many tens of thousands of bodies having to be buried in mass
graves. As rescues tailed off, supplies, medical care and sanitation became priorities. Delays in
aid distribution led to angry appeals from aid workers and survivors, and looting and sporadic
violence were observed.
Haiti’s president appealed for international aid after dozens of aftershocks had ensued, stating
that, “Parliament has collapsed. The tax office has collapsed. Schools have collapsed.
Hospitals have collapsed.” Organizations around the world donated money and resources. The
Red Cross donated $10 million as well as tarps, mosquito nets and cooking sets. The United
States and the World Bank each pledged $100 million, European nations gave $287 million, and
ordinary Americans gave more than $11 million.
Characteristic
Haiti
New Zealand
Population
9 648 924 (est. 2010)
4 252 277 (est. 2010)
Land Area
27 560 km2
268 000 km2
80% (est. 2010)
15% (est. 2010)
less than $2 per day.
hourly earnings
approximately
$20.00
108 300 (2009)
1 750 000 (est.2008).
4 (est. 2010)
122 (est.2010)
Percentage of people
living in poverty
Wages
Number of telephones
Paved airports
Value
54. Using the case study and your knowledge of geography, explain one way each
5%
country responded to the earthquakes.
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World Geography 3202 Mid-Year 2011
Value
5%
55. Using the figure and your knowledge of geography, explain why New Zealand
experiences “more than 14, 000 earthquakes a year”.
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World Geography 3202 Mid-Year 2011
Value
6%
56. With reference to the case study and your geographical knowledge discuss 3 ways
how levels of development impact a country’s ability to respond to natural disasters.
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World Geography 3202 Mid-Year 2011
PART II
Section C
TOTAL VALUE: 16%
Instructions: Do ALL of the Questions in Part II, Section C
Case Study 2: Alps Can't Take the Heat: Climate change threatens
ski resorts in Europe
The grandchildren of today's skiers are likely to know the
white peaks of Switzerland only from the wrappers of
chocolate bars. A remarkable report on climate change says
that the effect of rising temperatures will mean an end to
snow across large areas of the European Alps. In its study,
the Organization for Economic Co-operation and
Development (OECD) identifies Germany's Alps as most at
risk, stating that a one-degree rise in temperature from
global warming could lead to a 60 percent decrease in the
number of naturally snow-reliable ski areas in Germany.
The OECD report, using scientific assessments of the
progress of climate change, aims to guide governments in
policy-making to avert a human, environmental and
economic disaster for an industry that caters for 70 million
tourists and is worth 120 billion dollars a year. The report
predicts the disappearance of 75 per cent of Alpine glaciers
within 45 years, a surge in avalanches and floods as well as
the closure of all but the highest ski resorts.
Shardul Agrawala, author of 'Climate Change in the European Alps', said the report shows the
impact of global warming is already very real. “There tends to be a view that climate change is
decades away and that it will affect faraway places. But if you look at the Alps, whose recent
warming has advanced at three times the average world rate, you can tell it is happening
already.” He also states that, “very few resorts below 1,500 metres have much snow, and in the
next few years people are going to hold off until they see the snowfall reports. Many resorts,
particularly low-lying ones in Austria and Italy, are already thinking of moving into new markets,
such as spas. However, skiers will keep trying to find snow no matter how difficult it is to get
to.”
The OECD report forecasts the death of the German skiing industry in favour of the Swiss Alps
and the French resorts, such as La Plagne, Les Arcs, Tignes and Alpe d'Huez. According to
Agrawala, “the losers will be the small resorts, which are often at low altitude. The winners will
be vast ski conglomerates on the American model.” The economic damage caused by climate
change will be accompanied by environmental changes. More rain and melting glaciers will
bring erosion and floods on an unprecedented scale. He also predicts that species would die
out. “There are more than 30,000 animal species in the Alps and 13,000 plant species. As
climate changes, they move upwards. But there comes a point when they cannot move any
higher.”
Ski trade
The OECD said lack of snowfall had serious repercussions for the ski trade. Tourism in the Alps
is important for the economy with 60-80 million tourists and 160 million ski days in France,
Austria, Switzerland and Germany each year. The Alps are particularly sensitive to climate
change and recent warming there had been three times the global average, said the report.
Climate model projects show even greater changes in the coming decades, with less snow at
low altitudes and receding glaciers and melting permafrost higher up, it added.
The study found that Germany was the most at risk, with a 1°C rise leading to a 60 per cent
decrease in naturally snow-reliable areas. Austria was slightly more sensitive than average,
France about average and Italy slightly above average. Switzerland would suffer the least.
Damaging
Ski operators have begun to adapt to the changes, though most are using technology rather
than changing behaviour patterns, noted the OECD. It warned that artificial snow may be cost
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World Geography 3202 Mid-Year 2011
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effective but it consumed a lot of water and energy and affected the landscape and ecology. It
may not be viable in the future, said the organization.
Mountain water, also viable drinking water, is being devoured by ski resorts and their
snowmaking machines, which need roughly 100 liters of quality water to make enough snow to
cover one square meter of ski run.
Furthermore, the noise pollution from snowmaking machines, which mostly run at night, can
have detrimental effects on animals' nocturnal behavior.
According to the German Alps Association, the world's largest mountain sports association and
an accredited nature conservation organization, a much more significant measure is required
than the various steps that resorts like Garmisch-Partenkirchen are taking.
Mountains have their limits too
"The highest mountain in the Bavarian Alps is the Zugspitze, and it's significantly lower than
many peaks in Austria," he emphasizes. "Therefore, the possibility to avoid climate change by
moving up the mountain, as is being done right now in places like Austria, is limited."
Peter Theimer, however, isn't too concerned about the future of his resort in view of the dreary
forecast presented by the OECD and the German Alps association. If worst should come to
worst, he says he has a backup plan.
"We are pretty sure that we can use all the investment that we build now like snow machines,
ski slopes, cable cars, during the next 15, 20 years," he says. "And we are building
infrastructure for alternative outdoor sports and summer activities so that we do not fully
depend on winter."
The Alps are particularly sensitive to climate change and recent warming there had been three
times the global average, said the report. Climate model projects show even greater changes
in the coming decades, with less snow at low altitudes and receding glaciers and melting
permafrost higher up, it added.
Value
5% 57. Using the case study and your knowledge of geography, explain one short-term and
one long-term impact of climatic change on the European Alps.
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Value
5% 58. Using the case study and your knowledge of geography, explain two ways human
activity is influenced by the changing climatic conditions in the European Alps.
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Value
6%
59. Using three arguments to support your position, explain why you agree or disagree
with the statement below.
“In order to preserve the natural ecosystems of the Alps there should be a policy
to reduce the number of ski resorts in Europe.”
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EXTRA PAPER
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Western School District
Extra Paper
World Geography 3202 Mid-Year 2011